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Pregled enot in ustanov Waffen-SS na Slovenskem med drugo svetovno vojno

Author(s): Klemen Kocjančić / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2016

The article offers an overview of the Waffen-SS military units and establishments operating both in Slovenia and beyond its borders, where they came in contact with the Slovenian partisans. The Waffen-SS units did not participate in the April War in Slovenia; at the first stage of the occupation (1941–1943), there were only a few of them present in Slovenia; however, at the second stage of the war (1943–1945), their presence in Slovenia became a regular occurrence. The Waffen-SS units were present in the entire Slovenian territory, ranging in size from companies up to and including corps.

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Arnošt Rosin és Czesław Mordowicz 1944-es szökése az auschwitz-birkenau koncentrációs táborból Szlovákiába

Author(s): Eduard Nižňanský / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2018

There were two couples of Jewish people who managed to escape from the Auschwitz–Birkenau concentration camp, all the four had successfully managed to get to Slovakia in 1944. The story of Alfréd Wetzler and Rudof Vrba is well known. But, on the contrary, the escape of Rosin and Mordowicz is for the wide audience, in essence, unknown. The fleeing of the Slovak Arnošt Rosin and the Polish Czesław Mordowicz together was not only an attempt to change their fate, but they also wanted to let the world know how the killer Auschwitz–Birkenau concentration camp operates. They believed that the information they shared could terminate the deportation of Jews from Hungary in 1944. But their reports could not halt the tragedy.

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Lenin

Author(s): Zoltán Sándor / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2018

Victor Sebestyen: Lenin: the man, the dictator, and the master of terror. Penguin Random House LLC. Ebook. 2017, 592p.

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Sport polski w cieniu swastyki. Szkic historiograficzny

Author(s): Ryszard Wryk / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2018

The article deals with the subject matter of Polish sport during World War II. This issue falls within the spheres of both the everyday life of Poles under German occupation and the civil underground movement. Taken in broader terms it pertains to the fate of Poles during the war. Despite considerable literature on various aspects of the fate of Poles and Poland in the years of World War II, the Polish sport of that period still awaits a comprehensive source based study. The article shows the place of Polish sport in the years 1939-1945 in Polish historiography. In the literature of the subject historians have taken up such problems as the underground sport movement in General Gouvernement and the territories annexed to the Reich, sport in POW camps, sport life in German concentration camps, the participation of athletes in campaigns on all the war fronts as well as in the armed and civil underground resistance movement of the Polish Underground State, human losses of Polish sport in the years 1939-1945. Although the literature on the subject of Polish sport in the years of World War II is quite abundant, most of the studies are fragmentary and quite often merely contributory. As yet, Polish historiography has not ventured to produce a synthetic study offering a multifaceted discussion of the problem of Polish sport during World War II.

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Političke i organizacione pripreme za održavanje ZAVNOBiH-a

Author(s): Duško Otašević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 37/2007

U svom prilogu autor detaljno govori o pripremama bosanskog političkog i vojnog vođstva za organizaciju i uspješno održavanje Prvog zasjedanja ZAVNOBiH-a u Mrkonjić Gradu 1943. godine, tj. u punom jeku oslobodilačkog rata protiv fašizma. Pripreme su bile vojne – osiguranje potrebne teritorije, političke – izbori i pripreme delegata svih naroda i socijalnih slojeva, tehničke – osiguranje sigurnog putovanja delegata iz svih krajeva Bosne i Hercegovine, njihov smještaj, ishrana i sigurni povratak i priprema dokumenata zasjedanja.

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ZAVNOBiH – Nedovršena istorija Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Enver Redžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 37/2007

U svom obimnom prilogu autor izlaže i analizira sve vrste razloga i elemenata koji su uvjetovali orijentaciju tvoraca ZAVNOBiH-a i autora njegovih dokumenata kao obnovi državnosti i stvaranju države Bosne i Hercegovine i njenom udruživanju u novonastajuću Federativnu Jugoslaviju.

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Za redefiniciju fašizma

Author(s): Umberto Cerroni / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/1975

1. Je li potrebno davati novu definiciju fašizma nakon što je proteklo već trideset godina od njegova poraza? Mislim da se to mora učiniti iz najmanje dva razloga: prvi je razlog što fašizam, na žalost, još živi tako da nam već samo njegovo postojanje nameće zadatak da utvrdimo stupanj teorijske spoznaje koju o njemu imamo; drugi, što su se definicije kojima raspolažemo pokazale u najmanju ruku nepotpune u odnosu na veliki obim i složenost fašističkog fenomena.

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O uvjetima nastanka njemačkog fašizma

Author(s): Wolfgang Ruge / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/1975

U imperijalističkim uvjetima vlast se nalazi u rukama vrlo male grupe monopolnih gospodara (veliko-industrijalaca i bankovnih moćnika) koja se već prema nacionalnim i historijskim danostima povezuje u savez s velikim posjedom, visokim klerom ili drugim brojčano neznatnim slojevima, a u vršenje egzekutive uvlači tradicionalne ili novo nastale elite (ministerijalnu birokraciju, vojne vrhove i sl.).

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Karakteristike prvih fašističkih programa

Author(s): Vojislav Stanovčić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 04/1975

Rasprava o bilo kom aspektu fašizma izaziva nam sećanje na masovne zločine, koncentracione logore smrti, neljudska ponašanja i organizacije koje su sve to planski sprovodile. Najveći broj dosadašnjih studija i istraživanja fašizma bavio se istorijom pokreta, njegovom organizacijom, strukturom sistema, tehnikom vladanja pa i socijalno-psihološkim i individualno-psihološkim aspektima ove pojave za koju se piše da daje karakteristike epohi u kojoj živimo, »epohi svetskih ratova i fašizma«. Čini nam se da tek predstoji donošenje sintetičke ocene o fašizmu.

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Nekoliko napomena o fašizmu

Author(s): Radovan Pavić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04/1975

U svakom razmatranju različitih problema vezanih uz fašizam (nacizam) obično se ističu teškoće oko formuliranja jasne i općenito prihvatljive definicije fašizma. To pitanje nije, dakako, samo akademskog karaktera, i to iz dvaju razloga — prvo, II svjetski rat odnio je 50-60 milijuna žrtava, i drugo — definicija klasičnog fašizma potrebna je i zbog definicije današnjeg neofašizma i nove geopolitike. Tu posljednju spominjemo zato što je njemački fašizam bio s geopolitikom najuže povezan.

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Mеђународни научни скуп „Oслобођење Bеограда 1944. године“

Author(s): Dmitar Tasić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2009

Mеђународни научни скуп „Oслобођење Bеограда 1944. године“, Београд, 20–21 октобар 2009. године / International Conference “Liberation of Belgrade 1944”, Belgrade, 20–21 October 2009

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TOTALITARIZAM I TJESKOBA: KIERKEGAARDOVSKA REFLEKSIJA

Author(s): Bojan Žalec / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2015

The general aim of this article is to contribute to answer the question how could studying Kierkegaard help us understand the social and political life. The author illustrates Kierkegaard’s usability on the example of Bellinger’s innovative and illuminative interpretation of Nazism and Stalinism presented in Kierkegaard’s terms of anxiety and stages of existence. Bellinger interprets Hitler and Nazism as an extreme pathological example of the aesthetic stage and anxiety before the good, and Stalinism as an extreme pathological example of the ethical stage and anxiety before the evil. On that basis we can also speak about Kierkegaard’s importance for understanding the deep motivation for political violence and crime.

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In memoriam: Саво Скоко 1923–2013

Author(s): Vladislav Skoko / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2013

Саво Скоко родио се 1923. године у селу Југовићима у општини Фојница код Гацка. Jош у јуну 1941. године, ступио у антифашистичку ослободилачку борбу, из које је, након победе над фашизмом у мају 1945, изашао као поручник Југословенске армије. Непосредно по завршетку рата, наставио је школовање прекинуто 1936. године, завршио нижу гимназију у Мостару и Билећи и вишу гимназију, Пешадијску официрску школу у Београду. Потом је завршио Филозофски факултет (групу за историју) у Београду и трећи степен студија 1968. [...]

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The Church in an Occupied Country: Between Survival, Collaborationism, and a Military-Patriotic Ethos – Theological Aspects

Author(s): Guntis Kalme / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Following Latvia’s military occupation in 1940 by the Soviet Union, the destruction of the Latvian State and Army, the nation’s last remaining resistance structure was the National Partisan movement, that waged a guerrilla warfare against the Soviet regime in 1941 and 1944–1956, along with non-violent dissidents and the Church, the latter two groups being active up until the demise of the occupation regime. The Communist regime’s attitude towards the Church during the occupation of Latvia is precisely characterised by the words of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic’s chief atheist ideologist Zigmunds Balevics (1933–1987): “in a developed socialist society, religion is the only legal and yet, still rather influential form of ideological opposition”.

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Miejsce straceń obywateli polskich w Glinniku‑Przegorzałach w Krakowie w latach 1939‑1944 – przegląd źródeł

Author(s): Justyna Rolińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 50-51/2017

During the German occupation of Krakow in 1939‑1945, mass executions were among the methods used to exterminate Poles and the members of other ethnic groups. One of the sites of the largest such crimes was Glinnik, situated in a former clay quarry in Przegorzały, which at the time was part of Krakow’s western suburbs. The exact number of victims and their names remain unknown, while the place itself has been neglected. A recent historiographical debate has been initiated as a result of efforts to grant Glinnik the status of a war cemetery and because of disagreement between researchers and the victims’ families. This article aims to give an overview of the available historical sources and previous statements. With regards to the lack of proper documentation of the occupying German police administration, the main sources are materials collected in the case that has since 1945 been investigated by the Main Commission for the Prosecution of the Nazi Crimes in Poland and is currently investigated by the Institute of National Remembrance. Since 2015, they may be new perspectives on this research as a result of the archaeological excavations conducted in this area, but the excavated artifacts are still under study.

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Пешком по озеру: эвакуация населения из Ленинграда в конце ноября — начале декабря 1941 г.

Author(s): V. L. Piankevich,A. N. Chistikov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 26/2019

This article examines the little-studied issue from the history of the civilian evacuation from Leningrad in the years of the Blockade. Drawing on diaries, memoirs, and unpublished documents, the authors analyze the emergence and realization of large groups of people traversing Lake Ladoga by foot, from the besieged city to the rest of the USSR, in late November and early December, 1941. This attempt was considered an essential characteristic of the organization of Ladoga communication at the beginning of the winter of 1941. These sources suggest the hypothesis of the existence of administrative documents from military and civil bodies that developed the idea of travel across the lake on foot. A marching order across Ladoga’s ice for various groups of military personnel was employed, and the idea of mass evacuations of civilians on foot was not officially realized at this time. The authors conclude that the emergence of this idea of sending civilians who were physically and morally unprepared reveals the authorities’ feverish search for ways to evacuate Leningrad’s inhabitants in the face of the worsening situation with food and living conditions. Good intentions could lead to tragedy, and the general unpreparedness for mass evacuation stood in the way of this adventurous, if dangerous, project. Judging by diaries and other documents, Leningraders had one of two attitudes to this plan. Some were ready to take this risk that to flee hunger and cold, in hopes of finding rescue beyond the city, while others tried to consider forces and conditions of this journey, understanding the real danger for this form of evacuation.

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Противолодочная оборона военно-морских сил Германии и Финляндии в Финском заливе в 1943 г.

Author(s): M. E. Morozov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 25/2018

The article explores actions taken by the German and Finnish Navies for improving anti-submarine warfare (ASW) in the Gulf of Finland in 1943. After active operations by Soviet submarines in the Baltic Sea in 1942, and with Hitler’s approval in the spring of 1943, the Axis ASW system in the Gulf of Finland was radically reorganized. The main efforts were concentrated on the Naissaar-Porkkala frontier, the basis of which was a double network fence, exposed in the narrowest place of the bay from shore to shore and to full depth. The second frontier, the Gogland, was established in the immediate vicinity of the advanced Soviet maneuvering base on Lavensari island, 100 miles east of the first line. In the middle of the Gulf, Finnish and German naval search groups constantly operated, supported by anti-submarine aircraft. Two of the three submarines of the 1st echelon of the Baltic Fleet, deployed between May 7 and 31, were sunk when they tried to penetrate the enemy's ASW, while the third was forced to return. Between July 26 and August 13, a second breakout attempt was made, but both submarines deployed were sunk by mines. On August 28, the commander of the Leningrad Front, Colonel-General L. A. Govorov, decided to stop further attempts at breakout. Thus, the enemy was able to protect communications from attacks by Soviet submarines for a year and a half before Finland left the war. This had a negative impact on the course of the Second World War in Europe, since it facilitated the supply of the Swedish economy with the Swedish iron ore and rear support of German military forces in Northern Finland and near Leningrad.

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Recenzija: Invisible. Unsichtbar. NS-Herrschaft: Verfolgung und Widerstand in der Steiermark

Author(s): Brigitte Entner / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2011

The review of: Unsichtbar. NS-Herrschaft: Verfolgung und Widerstand in der Steiermark. Hg. V. Heimo Halbrainer, Gerald Lamprecht und Ursula Mindler. Graz, 2008, Verlag Clio, 312 str., ilustr.

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Recenzija: Das Tagebuch des Thomas Olip. Wie ein im Käfig eingesperrter Vogel

Author(s): Avguštin Malle / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2011

The review of: Wilhelm Baum (izd.), Das Tagebuch des Thomas Olip. Wie ein im Käfig eingesperrter Vogel. Kitab Verlag. Klagenfurt – Wien, 2010. 159 str., ilustr

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Domobranska mrliška knjiga

Author(s): Tomaž Štaut / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 3/2011

In the article the author analyses the death register of the Slovenian Home Guard, kept in the Archdiocese Archives in Ljubljana, thus touching upon a poorly explored field of determining the casualties of the Home Guard (collaborators). The death register contains information about 792 casualties during the war, as well as an additional missing persons list of 39 people, altogether representing 74% of casualties among the Slovene Home Guard as currently determined by Institute of Contemporary History research. The author presents the losses chronologically, from 1943 to 1945, analysing them in view of the adherence of the casualties to individual units. Finally the author describes the operations of the Slovene Home Guard strike battalions, detailing their losses.

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