Дневник на Спас Ганев от Балканската война

Author(s): Spas Ganev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2015

Here is published the diary, kept during the Balkan war, by one of the prominent Bulgarian politicians before September 9th 1944, minister of public buildings, roads and public works (1935–1939) and a member of the 25th Ordinary National Assembly (1940–1944) – Spas Ganev. The diary covers the period from September 17th 1912 to March 23rd 1913. It is interesting for the nowadays reader, because it reveals the immediate experience of an officer – a participant in the war, gives an almost daily idea of the Balkan war times and notes some of the discontent among the young officers, points out some disadvantages of the military leaders and conveys impressions about the military life in a relatively restrained, devoid of euphoria way.

Die Familie Coburg und die Slowakei König Ferdinand von Bulgarien und seine „geliebten Leute und Berge“

Author(s): Roman Holec / Language(s): German Issue: 3-4/2014

The article of prof. R. Holets presents new and unknown moments in the life of the Bulgarian Tsar Ferdinand after his abdication and departure from the country. Based exclusively on documents with which Bulgarian researchers were unable to work, it presents his life in an environment very different from that in Bulgaria, in a new role, unlike the one he played until 1918. The study adds new and unknown touches to the image of Tsar Ferdinand.

Влияние политического наследия Ст. Стамболова на функционирование монархического института в Болгарии (1895–1918 гг.)

Author(s): Dmytro Mykolenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2014

The author examines the political heritage of Stefan Stambolov and its impact on the functioning of the monarchic institution in Bulgaria from 1895 to 1918. The period of Stambolov’s serving as regent and Prime-Minister set a vector in the political development of Bulgaria the effect of which on the system of government was felt for decades. This process was determined by the desire of Tsar Ferdinand to expand his powers and increase his own prestige in the international arena. It was supported by most of the political parties in the country, which, due to the specific mechanism of Cabinet formation, became accomplices of the Tsar. The People’s Liberal Party made no exception in this respect. The detailed analysis of the consequences of Stefan Stambolov’s policy for the development of the country in the long term contributes to correcting the concepts of his role in the history of Bulgaria established in scientific literature so far.

Светослав Живков. Прогресивно-либералната партия в България: „С Русия политика не правим!“ (1899–1920). (Прогрессивно-либеральная партия в Болгарии: „С Россией политики не делаем!“ (1899–1920)). София, Унив. изд. „Св. Климент Охридски“, 2014. 478 с.

Author(s): Roumiana Parvanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2014

Book Review

Über den ethnischen Charakter einiger Gebiete in Mazedonien (1878-1912)

Author(s): Georgi Kolchagov / Language(s): German Issue: 4/1997

Строительство храма-памятника св. Александра Невского

Author(s): Rumyana Radkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1997

КОМПЛЕТНО ИЗДАЊЕ КЊИГА XXV. БРОЈ 10. 1932

Author(s): Benedetto Croce,Čedomir A. Popović,Vasa Srdić,Ivo Belin,Ivo Brichta / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 10/1932

Българската държава и подготвянето на специалисти с европейско образование (1879–1885)

Author(s): Ivan Tanchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/1991

The article examines the activity of the Bulgarian state (Principality Bulgaria) in the period 1879–1885 when the use of the European educational centers is stimulated and set purposefully for the needs of the Bulgarian educational development. The formation and the carrying out of the state policy, its legislation and the aids for the students are presented. It is specified that scholarships and onetime financial aids are given to 221 Bulgarians, studying abroad. Most of all the funds are intended for gaining a juridical, engineering and medical education. The state policy and activity in this sphere contributes a lot for the speeding up of the process of creation of the Bulgarian intelligentsia. The giving of the funds for education abroad to young Bulgarians, born and living outside of the Principality (including Macedonia) is an expression of the spiritual unity of the tom from the Berlin treaty of 1878 Bulgarian nation and contributes for its intellectual consolidation.

Развитие на наемния труд в занаятчийството в България (1888–1910)

Author(s): Ta Van Long / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 12/1991

The announcement is based on the statistical data from the counting of the population in 1888, 1893, 1900, 1905 and 1910 and from the publications of the stimulated industry and shows the replacement of the labour of the family assistants with that of the hired workers and also the economic effectiveness of the usage of the hired labour in the craftmanship’s production in the process of the industrial competition in the country. The pointed effectiveness is shown through the analyses of the exploitation of the underage workers, which is greater than that of the family assistants, as well as the one of the hired qualified workers. These statements are proved by the usage of a great numbers of facts, arranged in 15 tables.

Балканские войны как войны славянские: функционирование одного из символов в публикациях русской прессы

Author(s): N. S. Gusev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2022

The article examines the place of Slavic symbols in the publications of the Russian press during the Balkan Wars. It was the symbols that a significant part of the newspapers used when describing the events. Thus, Greece was forgotten. However, Russian society showed little sympathy for Greece. Slavs became the personification of Christianity, progress, freedom, and anti-Germanism. Due to a number of factors, the symbols of brotherhood and the common Slavic cause were most actively used. When the conflict between Bulgaria and Serbia became obvious, Russian society began to talk about responsibility for the fratricide and the destruction of the common Slavic cause. As a result of the Second Balkan War, voices were heard demanding to abandon the Slavic policy of Russia. However, the role of the symbol of Slavs was too significant to be discarded. Therefore, there were attempts to save the symbol of the Slavic brotherhood and find other reasons for the events.

Одјеци Србије, Источног питања и балканских ратова у Шпанији (1876–1914)

Author(s): Konstantin Dragaš / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

Spanish publicists, theorists, and journalists followed the process of the Eastern Question and the Balkan Wars with great interest. While they sought to criticize the pan-Slavic Russian solution to national problems in the Balkans in the second half of the late 19th century (1875-1878), during the Balkan Wars, they primarily emphasized Bulgaria as a model of perfect military organization, system, and state. They largely perceived the expulsion of the Ottoman Empire as the expulsion of Islamic rule from Spain in the Middle Ages. Quite a number of Spanish intellectuals favored the “Bulgarian” solution to Macedonia, which could be explained by the zealous following of the news about the German dynasty in Orthodox Bulgaria and the potential closeness of the Bulgarian court to Catholicism. Some of these intellectuals define the tendency towards mutual confrontations between Serbs, Bulgarians, and Greeks as the backwardness of civilization. However, the Spaniards did not know much about the Balkans until the First World War because only after 1914 did a large number of publications appear that dealt significantly with this topic (travelogues and reportages in the Balkans, written by Gaziel, Angela Graupera, Saturnino Ximenez and other war correspondents and publicists).

Romania’s Royal Legation in Germany before 1914

Author(s): Claudiu-Lucian Topor / Language(s): English Issue: 68/2022

Before the Great War, the Romanian Legation in Berlin represented a privileged destination for those who aspired to the higher ranks of Romanian foreign policy. It was recommended by the importance of Germany in Romania’s security strategy, the role that Berlin occupied among Romania’s allies before the war. The city on the river Spree had become a reference capital on the map of Romanian diplomacy, even before the recognition of independence. A proper diplomatic agency, the fifth after those opened in Constantinople, Paris, Belgrade or Vienna, was in operation since May 1872. The complicated negotiations and arrangements accompanying the pro-German policy of King Carol I speak of its importance. Until April 17, 1880, when the Diplomatic Legation was established, the old agency already covered a wide area of issues, not infrequently controversial ones, between the powerful Germany and the ambitious Romania of those times. Unfortunately, the complete history of the Legation, from its establishment until the severance of diplomatic ties in 1916, remained largely unwritten. Although discovered many years ago, through all kinds of laborious “archival investigations”, the history of this institution still remains a mystery. Today it is certain that it would deserve a more comprehensive historiography. Seen from an administrative point of view, the operation of the Legation remains even less known. Perhaps also for the reason that the documents kept in various archives generally contain little information, often with an arid content that the researchers may be tempted to go through without going in depth. Narratively (following the thread of diplomatic correspondence) and biographically (by rediscovering the lives of some of the ministers plenipotentiary) important progress has been made in recent years. From a military point of view (recounting the activity of the attachés in Berlin) but also from a consular one (the geography of the main Romanian consulates in Germany and the summary description of their activity) the files reveal new opportunities for successful research. This study proposes arguments for a revival of the study of Romanian-German diplomatic ties, having as a starting point the diplomatic correspondence (its relation to the major topics of European geopolitics before 1914), the bureaucratic and administrative operation (the organisational chart, together with the fluctuations taking place at the time) of diplomatic offices, the importance of honorary consulate, as well as the meaning of delegating military attachés.

"New" Military History of the First Word War. Achievements and Limits

Author(s): Jiří Hutečka / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2018

Over recent decades, “new military history” has become a mainstream concept in the historical study of warfare. The article attempts to summarize how this concept has changed our understanding of the First World War, including all the main areas of research it has covered over the years, and focuses on the issue of a “missing link” in the study of conflicts through the lenses of both “new” and “old” military histories – that is, that violence and combat, which are the ultimate focus of every war effort, remain largely left out of the picture current historiographical work paints. Identifying this problem within the context of the historiography of the First World War, the text offers a brief insight into its origins and suggests some possible remedies.

Artykuł recenzyjny monografii naukowej pt. Военспецы. Очерки о бывших офицерах, стоявших у истоков Красной армии

Author(s): Michał Patryk Sadłowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

Review of: Artykuł recenzyjny monografii naukowej pt. Военспецы. Очерки о бывших офицерах, стоявших у истоков Красной армии Андрей Владиславович Ганин, Военспецы. Очерки о бывших офицерах, стоявших у истоков Красной армии (Москва: Москва: Кучково поле, 2022), ss. 786.

Regiments from the Province of Posen in the Final Engagements of the Battle of Verdun in December 1916

Author(s): Bartosz Kruszyński / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This article provides a detailed analysis of the actions conducted by units of the German 10th Infantry Division in the final phase of the Battle of Verdun in December 1916. The study covers such issues as the influence of the terrain on the course of the battle, the characteristics of the positions held, the tactics and combat effectiveness of both sides, the attitude of the command staff, and the losses incurred. Additionally, in order to paint a complete picture of the events, the article also analyses the operations conducted by the French units based on materials from the archives of the Defence Historical Service (Le Service Historique de la Défense) in Vincennes. Based on the analysis of the losses of the German 10th Infantry Division, the author determined the percentage of soldiers of Polish nationality in the ranks of this unit. The text is supplemented by 4 maps, prepared by the author on the basis of available archival sources.

JEWS AND THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENT OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

Author(s): Ihor HYRYCH,Vitaliy Telvak,Viktoria Telvak,Bohdan Yanyshyn / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The article summarizes the problem of mutual relationships between Ukrainian and Jewish elites in Ukraine during the 19th and early 20th centuries on the conceptual level. It explains why Ukrainian and Jewish national movements did not find a beneficial compromise in Ukraine. The article presents the views of leading Ukrainian political thinkers such as Panteleimon Kulish, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Mykola Mikhnovskyi and others toward the Jewish question and prospects for Ukrainian-Jewish Cooperation in Ukraine. Authors trace the assimilation problem that Jewish intellectuals faced after their introduction into the Russian and Ukrainian cultures and accession into political organizations. They also draw parallels between Zionism and the Ukrainian national movement. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of a mutually beneficial and transparent Ukrainian-Jewish dialogue, considering the prior positive experience of cooperation.

SREDIŠNJA ULOGA SARAJEVA U ODBRANI BOSNE – UZ SMJENU OSMANSKE HABSBURŠKOM OKUPACIJOM

Author(s): Đenan Galešić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 100/2022

Međunarodni poredak uspostavljen Bečkim kongresom (1815.) u najvećoj mjeri urušio se na tzv. istočnom pitanju koje je predstavljalo skup političkih, etničkih, ekonomskih i vjerskih problema Osmanskog Carstva, i to područja Balkana, Anadolije, Sirije, Mezopotamije, Egipta i sredozemne obale Afrike do Tunisa. Bečki kongres rezultirao je dugim periodom mira u Evropi, mira koji je prekinut 1853. izbijanjem Krimskog rata, čiji se povodi mogu svesti na jedan: onemogućavanje Rusiji da preuzme kontrolu nad Bosforom i Dardanelima. Izbijanjem Krimskog rata, sistem kneza Meterniha koji je bio oličen u ekvilibriju snaga nestao je zauvijek.

Участието на подпоручик Никола Михов в превземането на Одринската крепост

Author(s): Yavor Genov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article draws attention to Lieutenant Nikola Mihov’s participation in the capture of the Edirne Fortress during the First Balkan War in early March 1913. He took part in the main attack against the Eastern sector of the fortress. As commander of an artillery battery unit, he contributed to the capture of one of the three key forts in the sector – Aycioğlu. His selfless actions in the attack on Edirne earned him the status of a hero of the wars for national unification of Bulgaria.

Historical Science and Politics: The Case of Die Habsburgermonarchie 1848–1918

Author(s): Peter Urbanitsch / Language(s): English Issue: 63/2024

One of the most important research and publication projects of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the series „Die Habsburgermonarchie 1848-1918” was born out of an idea at the end of the Second World War, not only out of the scientific interest in researching one of the great empires in history, but also out of the need to explore possible historical models for the reconstruction of Europe, which was then divided into ideological blocs after the torments of war. One of the prerequisites for this project, which was planned to last several decades, was therefore to involve experts from both the West and the East. This is how the twelve volumes of the series came about, covering aspects ranging from the political establishment, legislation and parlia- mentarism to everyday life, culture and the First World War. One of the main editors of these volumes, Peter Urbanitsch, describes in this article how the idea of such a broad and internationally sustained publication project was born and depicts the development of the volumes describing the reception of these contributions and the lively interest shown by both politicians and experts. In the context of contemporary challenges facing the European Union, such as federalism and centralism, or the impact of nationalisms, he concludes that the highly complex development of the Habsburg monarchy and many of the scientific discoveries achieved may be relevant for present and future Europe.

О војном идентитету споменика краљу Петру I Ослободиоцу

Author(s): Dragana Frfulanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2024

The representation of King Peter I in the public monument sculpture was designed to build a unique ideological symbol in the archeology of the memory of the new Yugoslav community. The visual narrative, modeled after the 19th-century model, was composed of military attributes through the military uniform, and its implementation began immediately after the king acceded to the throne. In the Kingdom of SHS/Yugoslavia, the existing narrative was inherited with the projection of King Peter I as the Liberator of all South Slavic peoples. King Petar I was depicted in the uniform of an officer of the new kingdom, which was modeled on the uniform of the Serbian royal army, so in his visual identity, it is possible to recognize the national characteristics of the army that emerged from the Great War as a victorious army. As a tried-and-tested means of state agitation in spreading the new ideology, the festivities on the occasion of the monument unveiling with a strictly standardized program of events were also significant. The army was one of the mandatory participants whose presence confirmed the public integrity of the memorial and the ideology it carried. Public monument culture dedicated to King Peter I was most often realized through sculpture in the form of busts, standing figures of the king, and equestrian performances. Sculptures of the king in the form of standing figures are not numerous. Still, they are noticeably significant as a form of visualization in a military form with recognizable elements of modern uniform elements in the context of confirming respect for the established canon of presentation.