Iseljavanje muhadžira, regulisanje njihovih prava u Crnoj Gori i naseljavanje Crnogoraca na toj zemlji

Author(s): Jovan Muhadinović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 71-72/2016

Poslije Berlinskog kongresa, muslimani su se većim dijelom odlučivali da napuste Crnu Goru, i da se nastane na teritoriji koja je pod upravom Osmanskog Carstva. Po Ugovoru kojim je završen Velji rat (1876- 1878), njima je garantovana bezbjednost svojine, članom 30.1 Pored toga oni su odlazili. Osnovni razlozi njihovog iseljavanja su bili: druga vlast, druga vjera, strah od odmazde, oduzimanje imovine. Tako da po njima nije bilo nikakvog razloga da na svojoj zemlji ostanu. Engleski konzul u Skadru smatra da je najveći razlog to što bi ostankom, sada u crnogorskoj ržavi, morali da idu u crnogorsku vojsku.

Islam i muslimani u pravaškoj ideologiji: o pokušaju gradnje “pravaške” džamije u Zagrebu 1908.

Author(s): Zlatko Hasanbegović / Language(s): Croatian / Publication Year: 0

The attitude toward Islam and Muslims is one of the foundations of Rightist political-national ideology. It was framed in terms of the reality of the so-called Eastern Question in the second half of the 19th century, and as a key component of the Rightist concept of a multi-religious Croatian nation. The father of the Rightist attitude to Islam and Bosnian Muslims was the founder of the Party of Right, A. Starčević, who in his writings on the complexity of the Eastern Question compared the demonization of Islam and the Ottoman state in the ideology of Croatian Yugoslavism with the moral and social bases of Islamic teaching as well as an idealized view of the Bosnian Muslim aristocracy and the main Ottoman social and legalpolitical institutions. J. Frank and his Pure Party of Right held the same attitude toward Islam and the Muslims because in religious and cultural matters they faithfully followed the original Rightist liberal programme, taking a stand against religious exclusivism, the conflation of religion and nationality, and a politics founded upon confessional principles. Rightist liberal nationalism freed of all confessional ingredients magnetically drew the first post-Ottoman Bosnian Muslim intellectual generation infused with the ideal of harmonizing Islamic traditions and the main currents of modernism.

Izidor Kršnjavi and beginning of arts and crafts movement in Zagreb in the 1880s

Author(s): Igor Vranić / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Aim of the paper is to show development of arts and crafts movement in Zagreb. Main idea behind the paper is to contextualize arts and crafts movement in Zagreb with other similar movements in the Habsburg Monarchy and elsewhere in Europe by pointing out to the political ideas behind the movement. Special emphasis is given to Arts Society and its founder Izidor Kršnjavi, Arts and Crafts Museum, Crafts school, and the first art exhibition in Zagreb. Members of the Art Society considered themselves to be at the crucial turning point of national history. Their role was to preserve the rapidly disappearing national culture which was believed to represent authentic voice of the nation, and to have economic benefits from it. Such ideas were a mixture of (alternative) modernism and antimodernism; antimodernism in terms that there was an idea of decline of national culture in previous times which should be restored. The restoration was imagined to be done in an alternative way by the creation of a small wealthy class of craftsmen and artists, unlike in the West where the big factories dehumanized people and created proletariat. In order to fulfill their duty, the Arts Society established institutions, organized exhibitions and lectures, so they could educate the wider population and a new class of artists and craftsmen. The Arts Society promoted ideals of patriotism and morality through its projects, institutions and education, with the main aims to representing the nation and to legitimize the Monarchy. The Arts and Crafts museum, and the Craft school were following more or less the official policy of the Monarchy in establishing multi-national nation of various cultures, that is, multicultural political nation. One piece of evidence for such claim surely are awards that Kršanjavi and Bolle received from Franz Jozef for their efforts in establishing the School and the Museum. Also, they were sponsored by ban Hedervary who was working on the pacification of the Triune Kingdom. Kršnjavi, as many other intellectuals from the Monarchy previously schooled in Vienna, can be seen as some kind of liberal monarchic patriot with the aim to establish economically and culturally self-sufficient nation which would peacefully coexist with other nations and cultures of the Monarchy.

Između revizije i tradicije: savremena istoriografija postjugoslovenskih zemalja o razdoblju protonacionalnog razvoja južnoslovenskih naroda (1780-1800)

Author(s): Boro Bronza / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 0

This article deals with the certain aspects of historiography on the space of post Yugoslavian countries in the matter of last few decades of 18th century (1780-1800). This period, known as period of “early national development”, has had a marginal position in the global hemisphere of former Yugoslavian historiography. The fact is that this position was not changed much during last decade. On the other hand, understanding of this short period in the term of its significance in national development on the space of former Yugoslavia is very much increased. There are two reasons for that – nationalistic explosion during 1990′s and greater level of comparative analysis of national development in Europe during the second half of 18th century which was not very present in the earlier historiography. Circumstances at the space of contemporary Slovenia and Macedonia during last few decades of 18th century were much different in the comparison with the other regions of former Yugoslavia, and for that Slovenia and Macedonia are not part of this analysis. The number of books about this problem is very much increased during last decade. Because of great influence of Habsburg Monarchy on the space of former Yugoslavia at the end of 18th century there are numerous books and articles from Austrian historians that have increased influence at the historiography of former Yugoslavia, like for example works of Karl Kaser, Harald Heppner, Ulrike Tischler etc. Their works, together with works of their colleagues from Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro have led towards some new definitions and conclusions. The emphasis is still on the war between Habsburg Monarchy and Otto¬man Empire 1788-1791. Policy of Habsburg Monarchy towards West Balkan in the last few decades of 18th century was, among other things, marked with the cooperation between Austrian Court and Christians from the space of Ottoman Empire. This kind of cooperation was very present especially in the north-western parts of Bosnia, because of its geographical position and tradition of Austrian military campaigning in this area in numerous encounters during 17th and 18th century. Beside of the offensive military approach of the emperor Joseph II (1780-1790), very significant part in the Austrian policy was political and religious influence on the Christians in the region. The problem for this cooperation and the development of political and religious intentions of local Christian inhabitants was strong confessional division between Catholics and Orthodox Christians, and especially between their religious leaders. The fact is that Austrian policy was a catalyst for faster development of “early national development”, which was speeded through crucial medium for transfer of national and political ideas at that time - religious mobilization. One of the conclusions is that there still are great possibilities in further research of this matter especially in Vienna archives (ÖsterreichischeStaatsarchiv, Abteilung Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv and Abteilung Kriegsarchiv), because some very valuable repports (like for example in series “ Aufstellungsverzeichnis des Botschaftsarchivs Konstantinopel”) are hardly seen by any earlier historian from the space of postyugoslavian countries.

Između starog i modernog pravaštva

Author(s): Stjepan Matković / Language(s): Croatian / Publication Year: 0

This paper examines the changes which took place in the Party of Right’s approach at the end of the 19th century. The appearance of new leaders in the party (J. Frank and his collaborators) and the gradual departure of the older generation, above all A. Starčević, brought about certain changes in the tactics of the Rightists. The Party of Right’s change in direction was influenced by forces outside of the party: the constitutional system created by the Croat-Hungarian Agreement of 1868, the crisis of Dualism, the situation in the Croatian opposition, and the change in foreign policy direction. The term ‘modern Rightism’ was first coined by opponents of the Party of Right, who wanted to belabour the new Rightists with blame for divesting themselves of authentic Starčevićism. Modern Rightism certainly transformed its approach, but not in a negative sense. Its proponents accepted modernization in the political field, and tailored their political tactics to developments in Austria-Hungary. Political modernization meant setting up an organized party structure and accepting the challenges posed by the democratization of the political system. This set in motion a reciprocal process, because while democratization created the possibility for mass parties, the creation of such a party also necessitated good organization (administration, programme, statutory documents, membership, regular financial support, promotion, a network of associations, etc.). Nevertheless, adherents of modern Rightism remained faithful to the traditions of Rightist ideology established on the basis of furthering Croatian State Right and Croatian national identity. Modern Rightists (mostly followers of J. Frank, or Frankists), supported the solution of the Croatian national question within the Habsburg Monarchy, because they estimated that within its framework they could realize specific political aims and enable the economic development of Croatia.

Jedan pogled na gospodarsku aktivnost pravaških vođa od 1861. do 1914. godine

Author(s): Mira Kolar-Dimitrijević / Language(s): Croatian / Publication Year: 0

Rightist economic activity changed from case to case; it was strongly influenced by the regulations of the Croat-Hungarian Agreement of 1868. The article divides the economic management of the Party of Right into three time periods: 1. 1861-1871. Kvaternik writes his well known work Hrvatski glavničar (Croatian Capitalist) which points to the necessity of creating domestic capital and stimulating its growth with a stock exchange. His ideas did not find fertile ground because the members of the party did not recognize their importance. 2. 1878-1894 Following the quiet that descended upon Rightist ranks after the Rakovica uprising of 1871, the party activists returned to the political stage in 1878. Until 1890, F. Folnegović was the most important individual in the party concerned with economic matters. His efforts enabled the publication of official party organs and the construction of the Starčević Dom (Starčević House). 3. 1895-1914 In 1890, J. Frank joined the Party of Right. Even though he never established a particular economic programme for strengthening the Pure Party of Right, he can largely be credited for the fact that the coffers of the Party began to receive important contributions which he invested into party activities, but which he also used to initiate the development of industry and banking (for e.g., “Danica” in Koprivnica). During the term of P. Rauch as Ban, work was begun on establishing a Department of Economy for the Land Government, which in 1914 resulted in the creation of the fourth branch of this government, the Department of National Economy, which, even if it came too late, changed the very nature of the Croat-Hungarian Agreement.

Kad pravaši pođu različitim putovima: Frano Supilo i Josip Frank o “novom kursu”

Author(s): Jure Krišto / Language(s): Croatian / Publication Year: 0

The duality of Croatian political ideology, which in its most important aspects remains today, dates back to the 19th century. This duality did not develop into overt antagonism while the members of the National Party and the adherents of Starčević represented the opposing sides, but the antagonism becomes very apparent – and consequently fateful – from the time of the various fissures in the Rightist ranks. The antagonism in Croatian political ideology can be illustrated by comparing the ideological positions and political programmes of F. Supilo, a former Rightist, and J. Frank, a consistent, even if a somewhat radicalized and calculating Rightist. Their personal clash and the opposing quality of their respective ideologies culminated in the context of the promulgation of the Rijeka Resolution and the creation of the Croato-Serb Coalition. This review article begins by outlining the situation on the Croatian political scene in order to emphasize the unique quality of the political and ideological clash between Supilo and Frank. The next part of the review takes a look at their direct confrontation in the news reporting around the politics of the “New Course” and the Rijeka Resolution. The article ends by presenting some conclusions which should help in understanding Croatian political and ideological antagonisms in the era that followed and which are still apparent today.

Kako je došlo do Rata pre osamnaest godina.

Author(s): Čedomir A. Popović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 10/1932

Pre osamnaest godina, i nešto više, odigrali su se sudbonosni dogadjaji u istoriji Srbije. Odigrali su se dogadjaji koji su doveli do Evropskog Rata, koji je bio toliko sudbonosan za pojedine države, i čije se posledice još i danas osećaju. Rat je trajao četiri godine. Tek što je prestao, pobedjeni i pobedioci, svesni teških posledica, upustiše se u raspravljanje pitanja: kako je i zašto došlo do Rata? Bacaju se jedni na druge u pitanju odgovornosti, kao da će to moći umanjiti značajne posledice koje su usled Rata nastale.

KÁLLAY'S DILEMMA: ON THE CHALLENGE OF CREATING A MANAGEABLE IDENTITY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (1882-1903)

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Author(s): Andrea Feldman / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

This paper will explore the ideas and problems of forging a common Bosnian identity during more than twenty years of Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina. To that effect the influence of Austrian “civilizing missionaries,” notably Benjamin Kállay, the Joint Minister of Finance (in effect the governor of Bosnia and Herzegovina), on the three principal Bosnian communities, political elites, and intelligentsia is overriding. This paper will examine how the idea of Bosniak identity interacted with the realities that were already put into place at the time of the Austro-Hungarian occupation in the last two decades of the nineteenth century. Insights offered by a close reading of Kállay’s books and writings go a long way in explaining his intellectual formation in Hungary, the broadening of horizons that attended his first diplomatic mission in Belgrade, and the ways in which his appetite for history and culture affected his liberal worldview and statecraft. The paper discusses the circumstances that inspired Kállay to perceive Bosnia and Herzegovina as a country that, for a culturally oriented person like himself, offered a paradigm of how to “build the new upon the old…to retain the ancient traditions of the land vilified and purified by modern ideas.” The author utilizes the existing literature on the topic, most prominently Tomislav Kraljačić’s and Robin Okay’s books on Kállay, and other authors’ insights into Bosnian Muslims experience under Austrian occupation, variety of literature and sources in relevant languages of the area, as well as Kallay’s own writings.

L’Etat bulgare et la préparation de spécialistes à l’enseignement européen (1885-1892)

Author(s): Ivan Tanchev / Language(s): French / Issue: 3/1995

La contribution Roumaine à la formation universitaire et professionnelle de spécialistes bulgares (1878–1912)

Author(s): Ivan Tanchev / Language(s): French / Issue: 3-4/2014

The article deals with the education of Bulgarian specialists in higher and vocational Romanian schools in the period 1878–1912. The author specifies their total number, the schools they were trained at and the courses and subjects they studied. The research is based on abundant and diverse sources (unused so far archival documents of Bulgarian repositories, originals of diplomas, certificates, official correspondence; ministerial orders providing grants and one-off cash benefits for Bulgarian students in Romania; Bulgarian and Romania studies on the topic, reference books, etc.). These sources make it possible to compile a list with the names and the most important personal data of 143 Bulgarians who studied at the University of Bucharest and other higher education and vocational education institutions in Romania during the survey period

La Macédoine et la Renaissance Bulgare au XIXe Siècle

Author(s): Simeon Traychev Radev / Language(s): French / Publication Year: 1918

published by the Bulgarian Association of Researchers, Literates and Artists printed by the Press of the Royal Court, Sofia 1918 author's name in the French edition is written: "Radeff"

La participation d’officiers bulgares aux luttes de Libération de la Macédoine (1895-1912)

Author(s): Svetlozar Eldarov / Language(s): French / Issue: 1/1995

La police bulgare 1878-1912

Author(s): Georgi Peev / Language(s): French / Issue: 2-3/1997

La politique de la Bulgarie visant à stimuler le peuplement du pays et se reflétant dans la législation Bulgare après la libération (1879–1912)

Author(s): Mario Aleksandrov / Language(s): French / Issue: 3-4/2015

The paper reveals the formation of the concept in Bulgaria’s laws in the period 1878–1912, related to the stimulating the settlements in the country. Starting with the Constitution, the author examines some basic laws connected with the implementation of this aim such as the Law on Population of Uninhabited Lands in Bulgaria (1880), the several versions of the Law of Acquisition of Bulgarian Citizenship as well as the legislation connected with the settling of the refugees. Particular groups of laws were targeted to different categories of population abroad with regard to attracting them to the Bulgarian Principality. For the realization of this policy the legislators set out mainly encouraging measures of economic and political nature, with the dominance of those of economic character. The main tendency in reflecting this political concept in the envisaged laws was to gradually expand the opportunities for attracting potential settlers to the country. Nevertheless, there was a marked inconsistency in the implementation of this trend by the government. This was mainly due to the lack of convenience among the ruling circles about the necessity of this type of policy and its enforcement through the existing legislation in the country at that time.

La Serbie et le Mouvement National Bulgare

Author(s): Iv. Mich. Minčev / Language(s): French / Publication Year: 1918

published by: Librarie centrale des Nationalités, Lausanne

Les Arbëresh Et L'Insurrection De 1911

Author(s): Gazmend Shpuza / Language(s): French / Issue: 01/2004

La question de la contribution des Arbëresh dans l'insurrection albanaise de 1911 n'est pas éclairée autant qu'il faut, parce qu'elle n'a pas été traitée comme une question à part. Elle a été considérée surtout dans le cadre des études sur l'insurrection de 19111 ou bien des études sur le mouvement aribaldien en Italie, dans le cadre de l'histoire diplomatique concernant la rivalité austro-italienne en Adriatique et à l'Ouest des Balkans et dans le cadre e la politique orientale de l'Italie dans les Balkans et en Afrique.

Les premières filliales provinciales de l’Alliance française en Bulgarie (1907- 1912)

Author(s): Ivan Tanchev / Language(s): French / Issue: 2-3/1993

L'EUROPE AU JOUR LE JOUR. VOL I, La Crise Bosniaque 1908-1909

Author(s): Auguste Gauvain / Language(s): French / Publication Year: 2019

The 14 volumes of Auguste Gauvain represent an 11 Years Political Diary of the very origins of Modern Europe as it evolved in early 20th century from a multitude of disintegrations (OTTOMAN EMPIRE…), competitions between colonialist powers (BERLIN-BAGDAD….), diplomatic pinpricks (AFFAIRE AGADIR….), side-theatres of war (BALKAN WARS 1912/13…) and, finally, the unique and global catastrophe of WorldWar I.
The idea of Modern Europe originated simultaneously from the efforts of thousands of individual politicians, diplomats, intellectuals to find applicable ways to prevent those European « Bloodlands » (Timothy D. Snyder ) during their own age as well as and for the future of Europe.
In 1908, when Austria-Hungary implemented the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, the French journalist and Foreign-Policy expert Auguste Gauvain considered this decision of the Habsburg Empire as the beginning of a process which, more or less unavoidably, would result in a European War. Hence, he began writing a daily column on the “Event of the Day” in European politics for the French journal « Les Debats ». With few and short interruptions during WW I he did so on each day until the end of the Versailles Peace negotiations in 1919. In early 1920s he published the full collection of all these columns in 14 volumes with the title « L’Europe au Jour le Jour ».
CEEOL has decided to re-publish all these 14 volumes and nearly 10.000 pages as a contemporary key document for understanding the very origins of Modern Europe, the historical progress it represents and the historical necessities and forces which triggered its development. Even its supra-national institution-building after WW II cannot be really understood without this historical background of a few decades before.

FOR DETAILS REGARDING THIS VOLUME PLEASE DOWNLOAD PDFs FROM THE «Contents»-TAB HERE ↓↓ BELOW

L'EUROPE AU JOUR LE JOUR. VOL II, La Crise Bosniaque 1909-1911

Author(s): Auguste Gauvain / Language(s): French / Publication Year: 2019

The 14 volumes of Auguste Gauvain represent an 11 Years Political Diary of the very origins of Modern Europe as it evolved in early 20th century from a multitude of disintegrations (OTTOMAN EMPIRE…), competitions between colonialist powers (BERLIN-BAGDAD….), diplomatic pinpricks (AFFAIRE AGADIR….), side-theatres of war (BALKAN WARS 1912/13…) and, finally, the unique and global catastrophe of WorldWar I.
The idea of Modern Europe originated simultaneously from the efforts of thousands of individual politicians, diplomats, intellectuals to find applicable ways to prevent those European « Bloodlands » (Timothy D. Snyder ) during their own age as well as and for the future of Europe.
In 1908, when Austria-Hungary implemented the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, the French journalist and Foreign-Policy expert Auguste Gauvain considered this decision of the Habsburg Empire as the beginning of a process which, more or less unavoidably, would result in a European War. Hence, he began writing a daily column on the “Event of the Day” in European politics for the French journal « Les Debats ». With few and short interruptions during WW I he did so on each day until the end of the Versailles Peace negotiations in 1919. In early 1920s he published the full collection of all these columns in 14 volumes with the title « L’Europe au Jour le Jour ».
CEEOL has decided to re-publish all these 14 volumes and nearly 10.000 pages as a contemporary key document for understanding the very origins of Modern Europe, the historical progress it represents and the historical necessities and forces which triggered its development. Even its supra-national institution-building after WW II cannot be really understood without this historical background of a few decades before.

FOR DETAILS REGARDING THIS VOLUME PLEASE DOWNLOAD PDFs FROM THE «Contents»-TAB HERE ↓↓ BELOW