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Дисциплина и всекидневие на кадровия състав на ВМОРО (1893–1912)

Author(s): Elena Aleksandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

At the core of the exposition is the ‘disciplined’ rebel (chetniks), who voluntarily accepts all the requirements in order to be included in the mysteries of a revolutionary organization. Loyalty to the cause is the principle in the name of which the members of IMARO are ready to give their lives. The whole disciplinary policy is clearly formulated and ‘codified’ in a coherent system of policy documents that have the force of a law. The topic of the IMARO personnel’s morality, to which the revolutionary leaders pay special attention, also has an important place in the exposition.

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Димитрина Петрова. Българският земеделски народен съюз през 1899–1944. София, Фондация „Детелина“, 1999. 240 с.

Author(s): Ilcho Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2000

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Евгени Костов. Транспортната проблематика и институтът на конституционната министерска наказателна отговорност в България (1895–1923). София, 1999. 220 с.

Author(s): Yordanka Gesheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2000

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През призмата на национализма. Gheorghe Zbuchea. Romània şi ràzboaiele balcanice 1912–1913, Pagini de istorie sud-est europeană. Bucureşti, Editura Albatros, 1999. 458 p.

Author(s): Blagovest Njagulov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2000

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Индустриализация на столичното стопанство 1900–1918 г. Динамика почти две десетилетия

Author(s): Tsvetana Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/1999

The capitalist industrialization of the economy of Sofia from the early 20th c. to the end of the First World War is described by the authoress as a differentiated period with high indices of modernization for a country which had lagged at the periphery of Europe’s development. A study has been made of the inventories and company registers preserved in the Sofia State Archives of a large number of economic bodies legalized and operating under the Commercial Law of 1897. Of them have been processed the data for 1,187 industrial representations, transport and brokers’ bureaux and agencies, bankers’ and insurance companies, and public service firms, including those in the sphere of culture. As an expression of the stable character of the modernizing process of these economic formations at least so far have been identified 365 as having remained in a leading position in the economic life of the capital city also in the following decades, during the Second World War up to the nationalization. Some, though restructured, made up even later the production force of thew capital city. In the panoramic picture of this impressive activity of the firms, the study depicts the dynamics of the modernization by the dimensions of the fundamental process of binding into one complex agricultural and industrial production and a strong development of the export orientation of the economy. The decisive financial role is outlined of the bankers’ elite, the participation by investments of European capital and other aspects of the remarkably successful start of the industrialization of the economy of the capital city.

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Историческата съдба на България през погледа на немската историопис (1878–1939)

Author(s): Elena Boyadjieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/1998

The interest of the German scholars in Bulgaria was stirred up together with the resurrection of the Bulgarian State after the Liberation (1878) form five centuries of Turkish slavery. The quantitative increase in the publications to a certain extent reflected the economic and political interest of the Great Powers in the “heart” of Europe in the small state in its periphery but of strategic importance as a bridge between the East and the West, the North and the South. Characteristic of the German historical Bulgarian studies in that sixty-years long period were: first, the participation in it of representatives of all branches of the humanities, as well as of politicians, public figures, the military, etc.; second, the rich range of the themes and events studied which contributed not only to a scientific acquaintance with the Bulgarian lands, the Bulgarian people and the vicissitudes in the fate of the Bulgarian State, but also to their popularization in Germany. Unlike the works of the contemporary German historians, those of their pre-war predecessors indicated the correct approach of a scholar not burdened by national bias and ad hoc interstate relations on the Macedonian question. It was the fruit of thorough researches into Bulgarian history and personal contacts with the population of the Macedonian land. German historiography on Bulgaria has made a doubtless contribution to the strengthening of the scientific ties between historians of the two countries, to the professional communications from which they benefited and, therefore, to the enrichment of bilateral cultural relations.

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Новооткрити приписки от Котел

Author(s): Ivan Roussev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/1998

In this article are published for the first time newly discovered marginal notes in ten liturgical books form Kotel, kept at present in the churches of the town, in the Sliven State Art Gallery and in private family archives. These texts contain information about various events: the Kotel revolt of 1809, the population in 1830, the Crimean War (1853–1856), the April Uprising (1876), the Russo-Turkish War of Liberation (1877–1878), the Reunification (1885), about names and events connected with local history, and local Kotel families. Particularly impressive are the scholia in the menologion dated form the end of the 18th and the very beginning of the 19th century and the interesting chronicle of Randyu Stanchev Randev (1833–1919). The newly found marginal notes should be regarded as part of the rich literary heritage of the Kotel area owing to which the interest of the researchers in them would be fully justified.

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Размисли за българската икономическа мисъл (1878–1915)

Author(s): Stoycho Grancharov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/1998

The Bulgarian State lived through an all rounded upsurge during the period 1878–1912. Particularly impressive were the achievements in the economic field. From an Ottoman province with established but archaic market relations, Bulgaria was transformed into an agricultural-industrial country, modern from the Balkan conditions. The contribution of economic thought to that was indisputable. Its exponents were not only professors and holders of university diplomas. There were also persons who successfully combined in themselves the scholars with the economic, financial and state figure, as was, for instance, Ivan Evstatiev Geshov. Economic thought in Bulgaria, for reason easy to explain, was chiefly one of applied science. The works covered the all-round state of the Bulgarian economy and all its branches. The Bulgarian Society of Economics with its journal played an important role. The crown of Bulgarian economic thought was Prof. Kiril Popov’s book “Economic Bulgaria” published during the years of the First World War. This was a statistical epic of an economic fear, of Bulgaria’s development and in point of fact of almost everything in life at that time which could be expressed in figures.

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Развитие на първоначалните училища в Разлог и Разложко (1885–1912)

Author(s): Georgi Trenchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/1998

After the Russo-Turkish War of Liberation in 1877–1878 and the Congress of Berlin, the Razlog areas remained within the boundaries of the Ottoman Empire. The Turkish authorities with the assistance of the Patriarchate of Constantinople tried to destroy the established school structure and to stop the development of education in the region. It was only after 1885 when at the Bulgarian Exarchate was set up a “School Department”, that it took over the management and control of the entire network of schools and introduced uniform plans and programmes for the primary schools in Macedonia and Thrace. The rapid development of the primary school in the Razlog are, the inclusion of ever more children in school age and the appointment of teachers were an achievement for the development of education in the area which had remained outside the boundaries of free Bulgaria. Notwithstanding the difficulties, the primary schools in Razlog and the Razlog area performed their function of mass popular schools that provided literacy and good preparation for entering the higher level of education.

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Д-р Васил Радославов – предател или патриот?

Author(s): Pasha Kishkilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/1998

The question is discussed of the facts, passed over in silence or missed, connected with the activity of Dr Vassil Radoslavov as Minister of Justice in P. Karavelov’s Cabinet (1884–1886), his attitude to the Union of the Principality of Bulgaria with Eastern Roumelia, to the Serbo-Bulgarian War, to the abdication of Prince Alexander Battenberg, etc. Indicated are the biased and one-sided selection and interpretation of the facts connected with the sentence of 1903, the wrong statements that he was supported by the German Government during the years of his emigration in Germany (1918–1929), etc. The conclusion is drawn that Dr Radoslavov’s complex and contradictory life needs reassessment on the basis of an all-rounded and impartial study of the available archival and documentary material, analysed and summed up in accordance with the complex of political, economical, international, psychological and other historical conditions and without the limitations of the partisan canons and cliches. The objective assessment and the writing of a solid biographical study on Dr Vassil Radoslavov, that has been absent so far, are necessitated by his active presence on the political scene (for more than 20 years) and the principal role he played in the most difficult moments in the history of the Bulgarian State, in preserving and defending its territorial integrity and sovereignty. The problem raised indicates the need for changes of principle in the approach and starting positions of the researchers in writing biographies of the Bulgarian politicians.

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Женското движение в България през призмата на един живот (Димитрана Иванова)

Author(s): Krassimira Daskalova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/1998

Dimitrana Ivanova died in 1960 at the age of 79. For a long time – from 1926 to 1944 she was Chairwoman of the Women’s Union in Bulgaria. For the public her name, admired by some and ridiculed by others, became a synonym for a stubborn and rebellious person. Her whole life was dedicated to the feminist cause and she passed through the various stages of the struggle for women’s emancipation in Bulgaria. Her life spanned two epochs – the “bourgeois” epoch in Bulgaria prior to World War II and the communist regime. She had to overcome enormous obstacles in both. Paradoxically, while she was considered to be on the left in the pre-communist era, she barely escaped execution for being a prominent “bourgeois” public figure (and having numerous contacts abroad) after the communists seized power. The story of Dirmtrana’s life is intimately intertwined with several decades of history of the women's movement in Bulgaria and narrating it gives an idea about the women's movement itself, besides being indicative of the wider socio-political and ideological context in which the struggle for emancipation of the Bulgarian women had to take place.

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Милчо Лалков. България в балканската политика на Австро-Унгария 1878–1903. София, Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски“, 1993. 672 c.

Author(s): Nikolay Poppetrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1995

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Е. Стателова, Р. Попов, В. Танкова. История на българската дипломация 1879–1913. София, фондация „Отворено общество“. 503 с.

Author(s): Ivan Ilchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/1995

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Едно истинско научно предизвикателство

Author(s): Lisbeth Lyubenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/1995

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Международна научна сесия „Братята Евлоги и Христо Георгиеви – дарители на Софийския университет „Св. Кл. Охридски“

Author(s): Nadya Manolova-Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/1995

Conference Report

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Политиката на Букурещ в Македония по арумънския въпрос през 1878–1913 г.

Author(s): Georgi Barbolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1993

After the Russo-Turkish War of Liberation (1877–1878) the Romanian government took an interest in the small ethnic group of the Aromanians who lived in Macedonia and Epirus. The Bucharest government pursued its Balkan policy by good relations with the Ottoman and Belgrade governments and strove to reach agreement with Greece on the disputed issues in Macedonia. The ruling circles in the Romanian capital were of the opinion that Romania should preserve its dominant position in the Balkans and feared, therefore lest Bulgaria should expand and become a stronger state. With respect to the Aromanians, the Romanian side worked for their cultural upsurge with a view to drawing them to Romania. When in 1905–1908 Greek armed units subjected the Aromanians to extermination, the government in Bucharest did practically nothing in their defence. Together with the Bulgarians, the Aromainians tried to protect themselves from the Greeks. In their midst emerged such leaders as Pito Goulev, Mitre Vlacha, Alexander Koshka, Georgi Mouchitano-Kassapcheto, Apostol Loulenitsa and others. After the Balkan Wars (1912–1913) the Aromanians from Macedonia fell under the rule of Serbia which closed the Aromanian schools and churches. The descendants of the Aromanians kept their memory, expressed in folksongs, of the heroes who had fought for freedom shoulder to shoulder with their Bulgarian brothers.

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Стоян Германов. Руската общественост и революционното движение в Македония и Одринско 1893–1908. София, Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски“, 1992, 250 с.

Author(s): Georgi Markov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1993

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Професор Иван Шишманов и германската славистика

Author(s): Maria Zlatkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/1993

Information is provided on the contracts which Prof. Ivan Shishmanov established with representatives of German Slavonic studies during the 80s and 90s of the 19th c. and during the first three decades of the present century. An attempt is made to show the influence of the rich intellectual life in Germany at the end of the past century on the formation of Shishmanov as a scholar and to outline his role in the development of Bulgarian-German cultural relations during that period, laying stress on his contribution to the popularization in Germany of the achievements of the Bulgarian humanities in folkloristic studies, linguistics, literary history, on the one hand, and his making the Bulgarian learned public familiar with the avant-garde German achievements in the same fields, on the other.

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Димо Хаджидимов и национално-освободителното движение (края на XIX в. – 1912 г.)

Author(s): Georgi Parvanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/1991

The paper traces the evolution in the conceptions of Dimo Hadzhidimov concerning the strategy and tactics of the Bulgarian National Liberation Movement in Macedonia and the Adrianople Region. An analysis is made or Hadzhidimov’s ideas about the character of the revolutionary organizations and the attitude of the Bulgarian Workers’ Social-democratic Party towards them. The author pays special attention to Hadzhidimov’s work as an editor of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization organ, the “Revolutionary Paper” and of “Constitutional Dawn”, and as a contributor to the “Sunrise”, “Macedonian-Adrianople Review” and “Justice” —- papers linked with the revolutionary struggle of the Bulgarians from these two regions of the Ottoman Empire.

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Тракия в политиката на България и Гърция (1878–1919 г.)

Author(s): Mariana Yovevska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1991

The comparison between the policy followed by Greece and Bulgaria with regard to the geographical area of Thracia reveals the specificity of each country’s policy and the changes of their frontiers in the 1878–1919 period. The article maps out the historical path which Bulgaria had to go to reach the shores of the Eastern Mediterranean and gain a territorial outlet on the Aegean Sea between the Mesta and the Maritsa river, although it was for a short period of time – from 1913 to 1919. Special attention is paid to the preparation and the course of the Paris Peace Conference. The American stand is marked off. Stress is laid on Greece’s advantageous position and the possibilities for success of the policy pursued by Eleutherios Venizelos in 1918–1919. The thesis is proved that in settling the problem of frontiers in Thracia considerations such as justice and ethnic motivation were the least paid attention to. The diplomatic solution to the problem was ascribed to the Greek delegation who drew up and carried out a programme that accommodated the interests of the Great Powers. The Bulgarian efforts for a just and comprehensive settlement of the national problem by solving all related minor problems on an equal basis were not in line with the possibilities and the interests of the winners in World War I, that is they were unsuccessful.

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