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The work is the result of the project Geschichtslehrbücher zwischen politischer Propaganda, nationalistischen Konstruktionen und Wissenschaft. Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung des Schulfaches Geschichte in den posttotalitären Staaten Südosteuropas am Beispiel der Republik Moldau, der Ukraine und Rumänien started in 2005 and completed in 2008, implemented in partnership with „Georg Eckert” Institute for International Analysis of Textbooks and due to the financial support of „Gerda Henkel” Foundation, Germany.The work comprises the following parts: introduction, the role of history in society development, teaching history in the Republic of Moldova – between ideology and propaganda, conclusions and recommendations, sources and bibliography, summary in English and index of names, the main text being enriched with tables, annexes, and pictures.In Chapter I, The Role of History in Society Development, the author approaches several aspects regarding history as science, the relations between history and politics, the right of every citizen for access to authentic history, relations between history education and national identity, the role and importance of history in the system of education, the place of history curriculum in the national system of education and the importance of the school textbook in achievement of the educational objectives.In Chapter II, History Teaching in the Republic of Moldova: Between ideology and political propaganda, the following issues are discussed: the policy of the Communist Party in the Soviet times – pollution of history science, from the national idea to the national curriculum (1988/89-2001), development and publishing of the school history textbooks (1991-2009), history between reform and counter-reform (2001-2009) and history teaching in Transnistria separatist region.The author comes with the list of conclusions and recommendations. In the Republic of Moldova there is no unity and continuity in history teaching. Frequent interventions in history teaching have not allowed forming qualitative history education in citizens. For reconciliation in history teaching and historical content in the Republic of Moldova, some specific steps are to be taken in the following fields: politics, finance, and administration; publishing, curriculum design, and textbook development, as well as printing and dissemination of textbooks. Thus, the author recommends the Government of the Republic of Moldova: to carry out a series of actions through which they will ensure that education is a national priority; to provide a legal and legislative background for qualitative education; to develop mechanisms of public debates on educational policies; to bring contribution to the development of national publishing industry based on the principles of competition; to support research referring to textbook development and assessment; to promote and facilitate exchange of information regarding research in the field of curriculum and educational materials; to develop partnerships among governmental and non-governmental institutions expressed in partnership agreements, as well as agreements between two or more parties in the field of educational policies; to establish forms of regional cooperation in the field of history teaching in order to educate young generations for better understanding between neighbors; to promote mutual understanding among nations that would help understand everybody and fight prejudice and mutual outcast; to facilitate and encourage contacts among professional associations of historians and teachers at both the national and international level in order to allow exchange of experience, ideas, and suggestions on curricula, textbooks, teaching methods, and research in history.
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The book includes various chapters on post-soviet developments
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The book on soviet historiography of the ethnocultural processes in the Carpathian-Dniester
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This monograph examines how Polish authors writing in the first half of the nineteenth century described these European nations which in their opinion played a significant role in the history of Europe through the past centuries. The nineteenth century authors were convinced that in each of the consecutive historical epochs, typically it was one nation that due to different circumstances acquired special importance and directed a general development. Such prominent communities, via a number of missions entrusted upon them, became the "keepers of the history," playing different functions that often overlapped: they were defenders of freedom, promoters of art and civilization, leaders of economic changes, or initiators of intellectual growth.
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Editor 1918: La Société des Savants, Gens de Lettres er Artistes Bulgares. Author: Siméon Radeff has been former Minister of the Bulgarian Government.
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The topic of nationalism attracts a lot of attention, especially in the Balkans, where it is quoted as one of the main causes of war in former Yugoslavia. Among different approaches to the studies of nationalism, the two are dominant – modernism and ethno-symbolism. The description and the analysis of the debate between these two dominant approaches make the subject of this essay. The statements of Ernest Gellner, a representative of modernism, and of his disciple Anthony Smith, a spokesman for ethno-symbolism, are in the focus of discussion. This essay will try to present and compare critically the main points of disagreement between the two approaches, which are: the cause of creating the nations and of the appearance of nationalism, as well as the modality and the timing of their origin. There will also be talk about the relevance of the term ethnic group for comprehending and the origin of the terms nation and nationalism.
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published by PROSVETA (Belgrade 1946). // This book is a selection from those articles by Tihomir Đorđević which present mostly cultural opportunities in Serbia a hundred years ago. The articles are taken from the books "Our People's Life", "The Serbia of King Milos" and from a literary supplement "Politika". All articles were published as published by Tihomir Djordjevic; only a few shorter places have been left out, which have a very close character. As the book is intended for a wider circle of readers, references and sources are reduced to a minimum.
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The Macedonian question arose on the day when European diplomacy at the Congress of Berlin (1878) replaced Macedonia under the authority of the Sultan, which, by the Treaty of San Stefano, was included in the Bulgarian state. Since then much has been written on this question and on the dispute between Bulgarians and Serbs, the former wanting to maintain their national unity in the cultural field and pursuing the achievement of political unity and the Serbs seeking to expand at the expense of their neighbors from the east. (introduction by the translator)
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Published in 1906 by Librairie Plon in Paris. // Authors preface: "This is the full story of Macedonia and the reforms over the past ten years: on the one hand, the suffering and heroic struggles of the Macedonian people; on the other hand, the desperate efforts of the Sultan to keep under the knife this people which his brothers of Bulgaria, Serbia, Rumania and Greece civilized by the schools, but which they are unable to deliver by arms, less for lack of a military power, which would induce the end of the Ottoman rule, than for lack of a diplomatic agreement, which would combine all the interests and all the efforts in the service of civilization and liberty."
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Published in 1917 by Pascalew Publisher in Sofia in the series „Bibliothèque des "Questions balkaniques", printed by the Royal Printing Press. // The author: A large number of scholars, travelers, geographers, ethnographers, historians and European publicists from both opposing camps have spoken out, during the last century and before the Balkan wars, on the ethnographic character of Macedonia. Almost all come to the conclusion that Macedonia is a country inhabited mainly by Bulgarians (in addition to Turks and Jews). The Ottoman Imperial Firman which sanctioned the restoration of the Bulgarian National Church, as well as international solemn acts, such as the Conference of Ambassadors in Constantinople, the Treaty of San Stefano and that of Berlin - confirmed this great truth. // Without dwelling on this question, we had to note this fact incidentally by exposing the factual situation, as it was under the Serbian regime and during the revolutionary struggle of the population in Macedonia during the period which embraces the end of the year 1912, when the Serbs had occupied the country, until the end of 1915, when the latter, having lost their former territory, had even had to abandon Macedonia. // Indeed, what did Macedonia represent when the Serbs, albeit for a period of three years, were the masters in this country?
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The economic crises, political tensions and troubled situations which have afflicted humanity during these last two decades since 1918, would be due, to a large extent, to the layout of these borders considered as artificial, because of them, we would have abolished consolidated units. And the course of these borders would have been made by force and by surprise i by force, because we would have imposed by violence conditions impossible on an adversary without the right of reply or of explanation, and, by surprise, by deceiving good faith of certain statesmen completely ignorant of the real situation in these regions. // As the current border between Hungary and Romania is also disputed with a great deal of passion by this development, which seems to assume that continually repeated assertions end up being accepted as true, by the mere fact of their being uttered, this work is confined to the subject proposed and aims to explain, as far as possible, the real value of these statements. We hope that minds not blinded by passion and disinterested, will find it useful and opportune to know the real elements of a controversy so ostentatiously stirred, and presented as one of the great unresolved political problems of the present time. // Published in 1940 by Editions „Cugetarea—P. Georgescu-Delafras, Bucharest
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My path leads me again to the Slav peoples of the Danube and Balkan countries. I want to see how the Zadrugas — the home or family communities — which excited me so much on my journey in 1867, have changed since then. Leroy-Beaulieu and Moritz Block severely criticized my antiquated conception of those venerable communities, while Stuart Mill shared it and Henry Maine understood it. Under Bishop Strossmayr's guidance, I will first inspect the Zadrugas of Slavonia in the Djakovo area, then I will continue my observations in Bosnia, Serbia and Bulgaria, learning about the political and economic situation of these countries, which I have already discussed in my book »Prussia and Austria since Sadowa«. The favorable opportunity to undertake such investigations must be seized without hesitation, because a rapid transformation is taking place under the influence of railways, new constitutions and closer ties with Western Europe. The inhabitants of those countries will soon exchange their peculiar, hundred-year-old customs and customs, their picturesque costumes for what ist usually called modern civilization, and then regulate their whole way of thinking and living in the manner of Paris or London. I hear tremendous changes have taken place since 1867. (From the author's introduction)
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Since the publication of the first volume of my book on the Balkans, everyone has been looking at them with growing fear. It is feared that a clash is taking place there between the Russians and Austrians, affecting all the peoples of Europe and North Asia, from Mount Etna to the North Cape and from the Atlantic Ocean to the distant shores of the Pacific and the mouths of the Amur. But how can the events in Bulgaria, which is so far away, threaten the peace that all peoples and, it seems, all princes want to keep? Well, we are standing at a turning point in history, where the die is to be cast that will decide the fortunes of the East and consequently also of the West. (From the author's introduction)
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Title of the American Original: «Pan-Slavism. Its History and Ideology», published by University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA. German edition published in 1956 by HEROLD Verlagsgesellschaft, Vienna-Munich, authorised translation to German by Dr. Helge Pross
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The book summarises the author's own research into the history of Central Europe, the Polish-Czech-Ukrainian triangle and the cultural heritage of Poland, Ukraine and Belarus. It raises the vital and topical issue of the state myth, the national idea, and nationalism in selected Central and Eastern European countries (Poland, the Baltic States, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Ukraine and Belarus). Although there is much that divides these countries, they also have many things in common. Together, they emerged as independent after the First World War and faced two totalitarianism systems. They have gone on to build a system of liberal democracy, even though the pressure of current problems and the shadow of history gives populism a chance. Starting from definitions and conceptual issues, the author traces recent history through concrete examples, focuses on the 20th century, and reaches where necessary into the more distant past. He shows how the aspiration to gain or regain independence, the national idea and the myth of the ethnic state, shaped and strengthened the consciousness of the analysed communities. In the final chapters, he presents Ukrainian and Belarusian issues, two routes out of the sphere of Russian influence, albeit one unsuccessful. Ukraine, on the other hand, although bathed in blood by the onslaught of its neighbour to the east, seems to be surviving and strengthening its statehood and, ultimately, building a nation.
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