"Izjava enega zanesljivega Slovenca zadostuje" Denunciacije pronemških elementov po razpadu habsburške monarhije v dokumentih okrajnega sodišča Slovenske Konjice

Author(s): Andrej Studen / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2009

After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and the establishment of the new Yugoslav state, Germans in the Lower Styria were not ready to accept new political circumstances. They explicitly disapproved of the new "Southern Slavic" state and strove for their inclusion into the "German Austria". This spurred the Slovenian authorities to become even more severe and determined in the implementation of the systematic policy of "nationalisation". Slovenians hastened to "rectify" the old injustices. Slovenian newspapers demanded "unscrupulous cleansing" of anything that was German or in any way reminiscent of the old Austria and the former German dominion. In the initial post-war years the "ethos of vengeance" absolutely prevailed over the sense of justice. After the overturn "different elements which sow the seeds of discontent with Yugoslavia" also appear and "deliberately disseminate horrible fabricated news". The authorities called upon the people to denounce the anti-state elements. Practically that was supposed to be the duty of each reliable Slovenian. The following discussion focuses on the denunciations based on the speech against the state, preserved in the documents of the District Court in Slovenske Konjice, and on the incidents which reflected national intolerance in the everyday life in the new state after the World War I.

"Srbija jača od Nokie"

Politike identiteta u postkomunističkoj Srbiji

Author(s): Miroslava Maleševic / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

"Нико не сме да вас бије" Слободан Милошевић у Косову Пољу 24-25. април 1987

Историја и мит

Author(s): Kosta Nikolic / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 2006

"Скорозрейно" и "нетрайно" ли е българското развитие?

Author(s): Hristo Matanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

This paper analyses the critically well-known thesis of Prof. Peter Moutafchiev about the raises and falls in Bulgaria's development. We know that, counting the studies of the Russian scholar Alexander Hilferding, Prof. Moutafchiev came to the conclusion that Bulgaria's development was erratic and did not have periods of "peace" - everything featured rapid progress and equally rapid decline and crises. The Bulgarian scholar cited Serbia as an example of slower for more regular progrss. The author attempts to question the general validity of this opinion. First of all, it was dedicated by the historical period in which Prof. Moutafchiev lived and worked. Then Bulgarian history itself was transmitted under the influence of the notion that it consisted of a series of successes and failures. Serbia could hardly be a comparison factor as the main sources about its development are the vitas of its rulers written by their sons and close relatives. Third, there are hardly societies and countries on a European or world scale that have not been subject to the "historical sine" of which Moutafchiev speaks. The author of the article appeals for abandoning the romantic approach in reconstructing the Bulgarian past, which demands rapid events with a fatal outcome. Instead, he offers a narration based on Fernand Braudel's idea of continuity and longue duree.

100 vjet më parë: Durrësi dhe Princi Gjerman Vilhelm Vidi - 7 Mars - 3 Shtator 1914

Author(s): Jani Sota / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 44/2014

On this study we will try to prove the role of Price of Wied: 1) Why a German Prince was selected? First attempt to bring the European model of governance after the creation of Albanian state; 2) Why Durrës is chosen for a capital? Brief economic and political overview of capital Durrës; 3) Dilemma: Did Prince of Wied really fail? This study is based on archival sources as: Albanian National Archives (Funds of period 1913-1914, etc.), and the Archive of Historical Institute, Center of Albanological Studies (Fund of Austro-Hungary); documentary sources edited till today; the data of Albanian press; etc. Also, there have been used the famous memories of much known personalities of the time, Prince of Wied, Eqrem Bej Vlora, etc. All of these describe difficulties that Price of Wied had to face in order to accept the decision of Great Powers. It also emerges the character of his determination to carry out to the end the mission and the goal that he has set to himself, despite of many difficulties towards political stability of Albania.

225. DOĞUM YILINDA EN BÜYÜK MACAR: ISTVÁN SZÉCHENYI (1791-1860)

Author(s): Gökhan Dilbas / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2016

The year 2016 is the 225th anniversary of the birth of István Széchenyi, named in Hungarian history “the greatest Hungarian”, and considered as the founder of modern Hungary. István Széchenyi has a particular place and a special significance in Hungarian history, for his ideas, his works, his efforts for the development and progression of Hungary.His works to put Hungary at the same level than modern contemporary European states (the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Nemzeti Casino, shipyard, Lánchíd, ...) and the reflection system based on rational values he brought to Hungary allowed the Hungarian people to watch, interpret and evaluate the events through a broad perspective, and not be discouraged by the difficulties and face the future optimistically. The ideas and stance deal of István Széchenyi with events in one of the most difficult periods of Hungarian history were a guide for the Hungarian people.It will be useful to study the ideas, works of the Count István Széchenyi and the values he brought to Hungary, on the occasion of the 225th anniversary of his birth, to dedicate again its place in Hungarian history and Hungarian national consciousness.

250 години „Славянобългарска история“ на Паисий Хилендарски

Author(s): Kiril Topalov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 25/2012

A „kisebbség többsége”, avagy nemzetállamok a birodalmak romjain

Author(s): Zsolt Bálint / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2018

Párhuzamos nemzetépítés, konfliktusos együttélés: Birodalmak és nemzetállamok a közép-európai régióban (1848–1938). Szerkesztette Szarka László. Országház Könyvkiadó, Budapest, 2017. 364 oldal

A Comparative Study of the Perception of Railways among Serbian and Bulgarian Intellectuals, 1860s – 1870s

Author(s): Momir Samardžic / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2015

Our article analyses different perspectives on railway construction on the Balkans among Serbian and Bulgarian intellectuals, politicians, economists, leaders of national liberation movements. Our main thesis is that different discourses on economic development and railway construction were largely determined by the different dynamics of social development in Serbia and among Bulgarians, and their process of national liberation and that various authors approached the issue of economic development, concept of free trade or protectionism and other issues through the prism of their own formal education and/or experience gained by the analysis of their community within the Ottoman Empire, faced with the rising pressure from foreign factors due to the slow incorporation of the Balkans into the modern capitalist world system.

A former Romanian Scientific Society: The Society of Physical sciences (1890-1910)

Author(s): George Andrei Iavorenciuc / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

The society of Physical sciences (phisycs, chemistry and mineralogy) has been an important Romanian scientific society since its establishment, in 1890 until the middle of the twentieth century. This paper seeks to provide an analysis of its activity in the first two decades of existence, a less studied period, namely how its enterprises contributed to the dissemination and spread of the latest scientifi c ideas within Romania’s culture. The society was founded at the initiative of some of the most proeminent Romanian scientists of that period and, until the end of the nineteenth century, it expanded its sphere of activity by including sections on mathemathics and natural history. Therefore, its activity, exemplifi ed by public conferences, presentation of members’ personal scientific endeavors, intellectual debates or scientific missions, reflected the general development of physical sciences in Romania in that epoch. This research is based mostly on a close scrutiny of society’s scientifi c journal.

A Jewish Pan-Turkist: Seraya Szapszal (Sapsaloglu) and his Work Qirim Qaray Türkleri(1928)

Author(s): Dan D. Y. Shapira / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2005

The paper examines a highly interesting workQirim Qarai Türkleri,published in Istanbul in 1928 by Seraya Sapsaloglu (Seraja Szapszal in Polish sources), the renowned Karaite communal leader, one of the leading Russian Turkologists of his time, a former Czarist diplomat and a Jewish Pan-Turkist. This popular and quasi-scientific work was typical of the Romantic Period of the “nation-building”stage in the history of many Eastern European minorities. It was, however, essential in the presentation of the Türkic-speaking Eastern European and Crimean Karaite Jews as remnants of some imagined ancient Türkic race, clandestinely preserving Altaic paganism. Written in an appealing style, this work made a deep impression on the Early Republican intellectuals. In the present paper some of Szapszal's assertions made in this work are analysed against their historical and linguistic background. The paper touches on intellectual trends current during the Early Republican period, the state of the European, Russian and Turkish Turkology of the age, and the metamorphoses of the secularised communal consciousness.

A magyar–német geopolitikai viszony

Author(s): Gusztáv Molnár / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 12/2018

A nemzet és kihívói

Author(s): Róbert Káli,László Dávid Töro / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2014

Stefan Berger – Chris Lorenz (eds.): The Contested Nation: Ethnicity, Class, Religion and Gender in National Histories. Palgrave Macmillan, CPI, Chippenham and Eastbourne, 2011. 552 oldal

A nemzetek típusai és kialakulásuk szakaszai

Author(s): Ignác Romsics / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 06/2013

A modern európai történelemben a nemzetek két alaptípusát különbözteti meg a szakirodalom, és egyben a mindennapi nyelvhasználat. Az egyikre a közös terület és az ugyanazon jogi-politikai keretekhez, tehát államhoz való tartozás a meghatározóan jellemzõ, a másikra pedig a nyelv és a kultúra azonossága, valamint a közös származás mí- tosza vagy valósága. Friedrich Meinecke, a 19. és a 20. század nagy német történésze 1907-ban Fichte és Herder megfigyeléseit elfogadva az elõzõ típust politikai vagy államnemzetként (Staatsnation), az utóbbit pedig kultúrnemzetként (Kulturnation) definiálta. E két típus földrajzi elterjedését alapul véve Anthony D. Smith, a nemzettel kapcsolatos kutatások egyik legjobb mai brit szakértõje legutóbbi könyveiben a nemzet Nyugat-Európára és az Egyesült Államokra jellemzõ nyugati, és a világ több más részé- re, így Európa keleti felére is jellemzõ keleti vagy etnikai modelljérõl ír.

About Us and Our Neighbours: History Textbooks in the Republic of Moldova, Romania and Ukraine

Author(s): Sergiu Musteata / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2017

The principal research question pursued by this work is as follows: How do the Republic of Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine present one another in their history curricula and textbooks? How do the history textbooks of each of these three countries present the relationship between majorities and minorities?This book is thus focused on two main objectives: first, to generate improved understanding of the state of the discipline of history in these countries via discussion of reforms to and debates around history curricula in each country, and second, to shed light on the ways in which history textbooks in each of the three countries represent the other two and their peoples.Curriculum development and textbook production in all three countries still remain centralised. Textbooks are produced by state and private publishing houses. Most textbooks are curriculum-based and developed according to the guidelines issued by the Ministries of Education. Through their textbook publishing policy, these ministries control the content and quality of textbooks. History curricula and textbooks in all three countries have progressed, but we still encounter many problems. Among them are the following:• the content of curricula and history textbooks continues to place too much emphasis on national aspects to the detriment of the world, regional, and local dimensions of history;• it reflects the history of wars and violence instead of giving more space to periods of peaceful coexistence, cooperation and cultural communication, or of mutual enrichment between various social groups as well as between nations;• it neglects regional history and cultural and historical links with neighbouring countries;• as it stands, it causes problems in history education and the development of ethnic identity, as well as the relationship between “Us” and “Others”;• it leads to or accepts poor textbook design.The relationship between national and European history remains a closely debated topic in all three societies. Their shared reality, as evidenced by this study, is that all three countries are currently not presenting one another in any meaningful way in their history textbooks at all educational levels. In all three countries, history education and textbooks are dominated by political history and narratives of victimisation. National histories do not pay attention to their neighbours.History textbooks play an important part in the process of collective identity formation, building a relationship with the past and creating an image of the “other”. The content of textbooks determines, in many cases, students' attitudes to their neighbours. Therefore, in order to improve the situation in history education and to develop a tolerant approach to “others” in history textbooks, there is a great need for joint efforts by politicians, professionals and members of civil society in Moldova, Romania and Ukraine.

Activitatea de bibliotecar a eruditului cărturar Ion a lui Gheorghe Sbiera

Author(s): Elena Pintilei / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 11/2018

The present study brings into attention the outstanding contribution of Ion a lui Gheorghe Sbiera to the history of the Romanian libraries in Bukovina in the second half of the XIXth century. At the same time, as the librarian of the Chernivtsi Gymnazium Library, the custodian at the Country Library and then custodian of the University Library of the University of Chernivtsi he strongly develops the intent of preserving national identity and at the same time outlines the idea of cultural resistance in an occupied Bukovina.

Aktywizacja polityczna społeczeństwa Pomorza Nadwiślańskiego w wyborach do Reichstagu 1871–1914

Author(s): Szczepan Wierzchoslawski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2018

The publication constitutes an analysis of the activation of Poles – citizens of the Kingdom of Prussia and the German Empire residing in the province of West Prussia (Eastern Pomerania) in the elections to the German parliament (Reichstag) in the 19th century (until 1914). On the one hand, it was demonstrated that every contemporary citizen of the German state had equal rights irrespective of their nationality; on the other hand, the author presented the process of shaping the national consciousness of Poles using the law to organize a network of their own electoral committees and elect their Polish representatives to the legislative institutions of that state, in the national rivalry with the German society in Eastern Pomerania. Statistically, a successive increase in activation in this area and its specific results in particular electoral districts were presented, depending not only on nationality statistics, but also on the organization of the electoral campaign and the level of the increasing social, national and political awareness. The article presents the organizational manifestations of the national independence of the Polish society of Eastern Pomerania, which was one of the basic factors justifying the inclusion of this region within the boundaries of the reborn Polish state.

Ameriška tehniška misija v Kraljevini SHS 1919-1920

Author(s): Vesna S. Aleksic / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2008

The author of the following deliberation analyses the work of the U.S. Technical Mission, which arrived to Belgrade in October of 1919. Its task was to provide expert assistance to the government of Serbia and the newly established Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes with the renewal of railways and other traffic as well as with the reconstruction of the old mines and opening of new ones in its territory. Due to political instability and frequent government changes, the work of the mission members was rendered almost completely impossible. Unable to carry out the work they were, after all, paid to do, the mission members left the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians after a one-year stay there.

Anarchistyczne wizje bezpaństwowego ładu społeczno-politycznego średniowiecznej Islandii – zarys krytyki

Author(s): Wlodzimierz Gogloza / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2017

Between the late 9th and the middle of the 13th century, Iceland was a pre-state society with a political system based on private means of creation, adjudication and enforcement of law. The functioning of this society has been a subject of numerous studies conducted within various disciplines, including legal history, political anthropology and institutional economics. In the last couple of decades, Medieval Iceland has also become a topic of interest to the various branches of the modern anarchist movement, whose members are prone to looking for historical examples of societies which lack a coercive government. The aim of this article is to critique the anarchist reconstructions of the Medieval Icelandic mode of governance. In particular, I will show that the anarchist visions of the non-state Icelandic sociopolitical order are anachronistic and substantially differ from the accounts found in the Old Icelandic narrative sources, as well as in the private collections of the medieval local law, known as Grágás.

Archívne dokumenty k výskumu spolkového života v meste Košice v období 1867 – 1914

Author(s): Nikoleta Lattová / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2016

In the second half of the 19th century in Hungary there was an enormous increase in the number of associations. While in 1862 there were 579 registered associations, in 1878 it was already 3995. The associations had no duty to keep administration paperwork and agenda. They were acting as independent communes and as a result of this were autonomous written records and administration paperwork. Public authorities had no right to interfere in their own administration records, they just might have consulted them. The way how the written records of each association were kept and preserved for the future generations depended on its individual "conscientious" members. This has resulted in a fact that the researchers who are dealing with the issues of administration record keeping have access mainly to incomplete and fragmentary archive documents. The aim of the article is to present the conditions of the archival historical sources that are related to the research of community life and life in associations in the city of Kosice in 1867 – 1914. The research was conducted in archives and libraries located in the investigated city of Košice, as well as in the same type of institutions in Budapest. Available historical sources particularly include the articles of associations, reports to the police headquarters and own documents and records of associations themselves. These include documents such as speeches, annual reports, reports on general meetings, almanacs, journals, publications published by associations and issues of memorial books published on the occasion of special anniversaries to commemorate the founding of association.