Döviz Kuru Dış Ticaret İlişkisi (2013-2023) Türkiye Örneği

Author(s): İsmail Hakkı Kofoğlu,Behçet Doğan Oktaş / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The subject of this research is the relation between real exchange rate, US Dollar, exports and imports for the period 2013M01-2022M12 in Turkey. The aim of the research is to reveal the relationships between variables with time series econometrics methods and to determine the most effective variable in the relationships between variables related to foreign trade. For this purpose, Extended Dickey-Füller and Phillips-Perron stationarity analyses were performed on our related variables. According to the stationarity analysis, all the variables were not stationary and were found to be stationary at their first difference. According to the econometric procedure, cointegration analysis was performed with the series that were stationary at their first difference. The bilateral cointegration relationship between the variables was investigated with the Engle-Granger cointegration method. According to the results of cointegration analysis: the real effective exchange rate with exports (1), export with real effective exchange rate (2), USD by Export (3), imports at the real effective exchange rate (4) and a long-term cointegration relationship (5) was determined between exports and imports. Error correction models are estimated to reveal short-term relationships for models with cointegration relationship. Based on error correction estimates; imports affect the real effective exchange rate and exports (1), the real effective exchange rate affects exports (2), exports affect the real effective exchange rate (3) and the US dollar affects exports (4). According to the results of all the analyses made to determine the relations between foreign trade variables of exchange rate, import emerge are the most effective variable. This research reveals the necessity of focusing on the import variable in determining the policies related to Turkey's foreign trade deficit.

Nakit Akış Tablosu Oran Analizleri: Borsa İstanbul’da Bir Uygulama

Author(s): Mehtab Çelik,Bekir Elmas,Beyza Demir / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The financial performance of businesses is important for all stakeholders, especially lenders and investors. In particular, the ability to provide cash is taken into account in the evaluation of the financial performance of the enterprises. Since cash flow statements also provide information about the cash flows of the enterprises, they provide information that can be effective in the planning and decision-making processes when necessary analyzes are made. In this context, the aim of the study is to analyze the cash flow performances of 3 companies traded in BIST, namely FORD, TOFAŞ and KARSAN, for the period of 2020-2022 with cash flow rates. As a result of the research, it has been concluded that the cash flow performance of FORD is generally better than other companies as of the period considered.

The Volatility Spillover Effects Among Six Major Asian Sovereign CDS Markets

Author(s): Hüseyin Özdemir / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This study examines the volatility spillover indexes among the 5-year maturity credit default swaps of six major Asian countries (China, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam) from June 2008 to August 2022. We find that China, Indonesia, and Vietnam are net receivers of the spillovers, whereas South Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand are net transmitters of volatility in the Asian CDS market. Further, the total volatility spillover index is around 79%, suggesting a very high level of connectedness among these Asian CDS markets and implying high systemic risk among markets. Moreover, our empirical finding provides strong evidence that the total spillover index can be used as an early warning of the rise of uncertainty in South Korea and China, especially during crisis periods. The fact that volatility can be transmitted between CDS markets shows that an increase in volatility in one credit swap market is a clear sign of an increase in volatility in other sovereign CDS markets.

Belirsizliğin Spekülatif Baskı Endeksi Üzerindeki Asimetrik Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği (2005-2022)

Author(s): Tuncer Yılmaz,Ömer Uğur Bulut / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Temel iktisadi birimlerin ve ekonomik karar mekanizmalarının bakış açısına göre belirsizlik, gelecekteki potansiyel sonuçları içeren çok yönlü bir göstergedir. Ekonomik değişimlerle beraber toplumsal ve siyasi bağlamda birbirinden farklı eylemleri de içermektedir (Bloom, 2014: 167-168).

Pandemi Sürecinin Menkul Kıymetler Borsasına Etkisi: Borsa İstanbul Örneği

Author(s): Zelal Gültekin Kutlu,Müslüm Polat / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this study is to reveal the causality relationship between the COVID 19 epidemic and the stock market in Turkey. For this purpose, the causality relationship between daily case numbers and Borsa İstanbul (BIST 100, BIST Financial, BIST Industrial, BIST Technology and BIST Service) indices was analyzed with the Toda Yamamoto causality test. The period between March 11, 2020, when the first case was seen in Turkey, and March 7, 2022 was discussed. As a result, it has been determined that there is a one-way Granger causality relationship from the number of COVID 19 cases to the BIST indices.

MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR ASSESSMENT OF DISTRICT TOWNS

Author(s): Roman Vavrek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

A technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution is a multi-criteria decision analysis method used for complex assessment of a set of alternatives. It is often combined with the CV (Coefficient of Variance) method to determine the weight of these criteria to objectify achieved results. Using these methods, we have assessed a group of district towns in the Slovak Republic based on 2016 data by using six budgetary criteria, including maximizing and minimizing ones. The main contribution of this article is the complex assessment of a selected set of territorial administration entities, differences in their results and the importance of selecting the right method to determine weights, which has a significant impact on the overall results. It can be said that there were almost no differences in results among the majority of district towns, there were no significant correlations between the results and the criteria, and there were some common characteristics in the three created clusters. The analysis has confirmed that it is necessary to pay special attention to the selection of criteria and of the method used to determine their weight, as these factors have a significant impact on the overall results of analysis.

Critic Tabanlı Mabac ve Marcos Yöntemleri ile 19 Orta Doğu Ülkesinin Lojistik Performanslarının İncelenmesi

Author(s): Nazife Şahin Macit / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

In this study, CRITIC, MABAC and MARCOS methods were used to create a decision model for the evaluation of logistics performance of 19 Middle Eastern countries within the scope of 2018 World Bank data. Logistics performance index components were included in the research as performance criteria in the evaluation of logistics performance. While the CRITIC method was used to weight these performance components, the MABAC and MARCOS methods were used to evaluate and rank the logistics performance of the Middle East countries. The results obtained from the CRITIC method showed that international shipments and logistics competence were the most important and least important performance criteria, respectively. As a result of the performance evaluations made with the MABAC and MARCOS methods, it was revealed that the countries with the highest and lowest logistics performance in 2018 were the United Arab Emirates and Afghanistan, respectively. As a result of all these evaluations, while there is no difference in the countries with high and low logistics performance for the two different methods; It was observed that the logistics performance of Israel and Oman countries differed during success. The success ranking of the remaining 17 countries was the same in both methods, indicating that the methods were applied successfully.

Gümüşhane Şehrinde Nüfusun Mekânsal Dağılımı (2000-2021)

Author(s): Mehmet Üzülmez / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

İnsanoğlunun varlığından beri dünya nüfusu sürekli artmaktadır. Bazen savaşlar bazen de salgın hastalıklar yüzünden nüfus artış oranı azalmaya gitse bile dünya nüfusu hiçbir zaman azalışa geçmemiştir. Öyle ki Sanayi Devrimi’nin yaşanmasıyla birlikte nüfus patlaması yaşanmıştır. Böylece dünya nüfusu ilk defa 1 milyar eşiğini 19. yüzyılın ortalarında geçmiş, zaman ilerledikçe nüfusun iki katına çıkma süresi de kısalmıştır. 2011 yılında 7 milyarı geçen dünya nüfusu, 8 milyarı 15 Kasım 2022 yılında geçmiştir (www.un.org). Ancak burada kaliteli nüfusun artması önemlidir (Koday, 2010, s. 46).

Doktor İstifaları ve Yurt Dışı Göçü (2020-2022) Medya Yansımaları

Author(s): İzzettin Beştaş / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Günümüzde ülkelerin gelişmişlik seviyeleri, sosyal hizmetler ve sosyal güvenlik imkanlarının gelişimiyle ölçülmektedir. Bu alanda ileri seviyede olan ülkeler sağlık hizmetleri, sosyal hizmetler ve sosyal güvenlik ilkeleri çerçevesinde sistemler oluşturmuşlardır. (Şimşek,2022:191) Atatürk liderliğinde 1923 yılında kurulan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti birçok alanda olduğu gibi Batı’yı referans almıştır. Batı eğitim sisteminin bir parçası olan tıp eğitiminde de yine Avrupa örnek alınmıştır. Osmanlı’da 18.yüzyılda başlayan ıslahat hareketleri sonucunda başta askeri alanda olmak üzere birçok alanda Batılı uzman Türkiye’de geçici ya da uzun sürelerle istihdam edilmişti. Tanzimat Döneminde etkisi artan batılılaşma çabaları, Cumhuriyet’in ilanıyla birlikte zirveye çıkmıştır. İsviçreli Bilim İnsanı Prof. Albert Malche’in öncülüğünde başlatılan üniversite reformu yeni bir dönemin başlangıcı olmuştur. Böylece çağdaş anlamda bir üniversite oluşturmayı amaçlayan 2252 sayılı kanun 1933 yılında çıkarıldı. Bu kanunla İstanbul Üniversitesi ve ona bağlı olarak Tıp, Hukuk, Edebiyat, Fen Fakülteleri kurulmuştur. Atatürk’ün üniversite reformu genellikle Alman Üniversite modeline göre yapılmıştır. (Namal ve Karakök, 2011) 1933 yılında Almanya’da Adolph Hitler’in liderliğinde Nazi Partisi iktidara gelince hem çalışma koşulları hem de daha mühimi can güvenlikleri tehlikeye giren çoğu Yahudi asıllı binlerce bilim insanı Almanya’dan kaçtı. Bu bilim insanlarından bir bölümü de Atatürk idaresindeki Türkiye’ye sığındı. Tamamına yakını Üniversite reformuyla İstanbul Üniversitesi ismini alan eski Darü’l Funun’da istihdam edilen bu insanların arasında çok değerli tıp insanları da vardı. İstanbul’a gidenlerden bazıları: Tıp Fakültesine: Friedrich Dessauer, Erich Frank, Josef Igersheimer, Adolf Kantorowicz, Wilhelm Liepman, Rudolf Nissen, Philipp Schwartz, Max Sgalitzer; (Grothusen K. 1933 Yılından Sonra Alman Bilim Adamlarının Türkiye’ye Göçü. BELLETEN. 1981; 45/2(180): 537-550.) https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ttkbelleten/issue/70722/1138192 (Erişim tarihi: 02.01.2023) atandılar. Bu hekimler Türkiye’de modern tıbbın temellerini attılar. Bugün maalesef çeşitli nedenlerle istifa ederek Türkiye’den giden Türk hekimleri başta Almanya olmak üzere, pek çok dünya ülkesinin kabul etmesinin temel nedeni; hala başlangıçtaki sağlam hekim yetiştirme eğitiminin devam eden pozitif sonuçlarıdır. Almanya hekimlerden denklik istemeden kabul ederken, İngiltere ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri gibi bazı ülkeler belirli bir oryantasyon sürecinden sonra Türkiye’deki pozisyonuna terfi ettiriyor.

LOCAL REFERENDUM AS A TOOL OF DIRECT PARTICIPATION OF CITIZENS IN THE DECISION-MAKING OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

Author(s): Filip Hampl / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The local referendum is the only tool of direct democracy in the Czech Republic, allowing citizens to decide on issues falling within the independent competence of municipalities directly. The aim of the paper is to assess the use, voter turnout, binding force, and thematic focus of local referenda as a tool of direct participation of citizens in the decision-making on local issues in the Czech municipalities with respect to their size defined by the population in the period 2006-2019. To fulfil the aim, descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, classification analysis and correlation analysis have been employed. A total of 288 local referenda were held in the examined period, 193 of them in the municipalities up to 1,999 inhabitants. The results do not indicate a statistically significant relationship between the municipality size and the holding of referenda. On the other hand, the results show a weakly negative correlation relationship between the municipality size and the turnout (the binding force, respectively). The referenda focused on territorial development, environment, alternative sources of power and infrastructure predominate in the municipalities up to 4,999 inhabitants. The referenda on municipal property and public order prevail in the municipalities with 5,000 and more inhabitants.

EVALUACE POLITIKY CESTOVNÍHO RUCHU ČR ZA OBDOBÍ 2014-2020

Author(s): Andrea Holešinská / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with the evaluation of the state tourism policy of the Czech Republic. Primarily it focuses on the accomplishment of the strategic document the Concept of the State Tourism Policy of the Czech Republic for 2014-2020. The activities related to particular measures are examined and as well as the implementation of tools used by the state tourism policy is analysed. The state tourism policy of the Czech Republic is also confronted with the theoretical background. Therefore, the attention is paid to the decision-making process, the legitimacy of state interference in tourism and the role of the state in tourism policy. It is emphasized that external factors (e.g. global trends or COVID-19) have an impact on the decision-making process and the direction of tourism policy. The paper is based on the qualitative analysis of documents, which is supported by the analysis of secondary data sources.

ZDRAVÍ OBYVATELSTVA V OKRESECH HOSPODÁŘSKY PROBLÉMOVÝCH REGIONŮ

Author(s): Jana ŠTERCOVÁ,Dana Hübelová ,Alice Kozumplíková,Ludmila FLOKOVÁ / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Health is considered to be a crucial factor of regional development and competitiveness. The main goal of the article is to evaluate selected public health factors in economically problematic areas in the Czech Republic in the years 2007 and 2016. A total of 14 indicators in four thematic areas were selected: 1) mortality structure (mortality from circulatory, respiratory and digestive system diseases, neoplasms and external causes), 2) sickness rate (average time of incapacity for work, hospitalized and treated diabetics), 3) reproduction health (total fertility, spontaneous abortion and infant mortality) and 4) medical intervention (the proportion of physicians, general practitioners for adults and general practitioners for children and adolescents). A composite indicator for year 2007 and 2016 was established in each area and each district. The highest value of the indicators sum was proved in Znojmo district, on the other hand, the least favourable situation was detected in the district of Teplice. In districts, where a lower values of indicator was determined, a high accrual in treated diabetics dominates, and most of the districts also show growth in death from circulatory system diseases. The results proved, that it is necessary to pay attention to public health factors not only in its complexity, but also on the basis of component indicators, which can significantly influence the health quality.

REGIONÁLNÍ ROZDÍLY V DÁRCOVSTVÍ FIREM NA ÚZEMÍ ČESKA

Author(s): Marek HALADA / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to examine regional and industrial differentiation in the rate of corporate giving in the period 2002-2016. The methodology consists of calculating the ratios between the variables – donors, the number of legal entities in regions and territorial branches of tax offices. The highest donor ratios were found in the Zlín, Pardubice, and Moravian-Silesian Region, the lowest in the capital city of Prague and the Karlovy Vary Region. At microregional level the highest donor ratios were found in the eastern parts of Bohemia and Moravia, while south-western Bohemian regions and southern Moravian regions showed lower numbers. Major cities (Praha, Brno, Ostrava) scored lower than their suburban areas, which may be due to the tendency of some entities to move to the centres in an effort to escape the reach of the tax inspections. This phenomenon, on the other hand, is not so evident in smaller regional centres. This paper confirms that the number of donors (or donor ratio) in the regions remains stable over time, but it is responsive to the external shocks (floods 2002, economic crisis 2008).

SITUACE NEPRŮMYSLOVÝCH VENKOVSKÝCH BROWNFIELDS V PRŮBĚHU DESETI LET NA PŘÍKLADU OKRESU JINDŘICHŮV HRADEC

Author(s): Martin Musil / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to summarize the main results of research conducted in 2005-2006 and 2015-2017, focused on non-commercial brownfields in rural areas on the example of the Jindřichův Hradec district. The buildings of the former schools, cultural houses and retail shops of Jednota were examined. These objects were found in 165 localities in a total of 336 objects. 69 of them were marked as so-called real brownfields, depressing their surroundings, mainly due to their poor construction condition. The second phase of the research examined changes occurred during a decade on selected 53 objects of real brownfields from the first research phase. The standardized observation, document analysis, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were used as data collection methods. Relatively variable situation of municipalities was identified. Active inhabitants, who taking care of cultural and social activities and facilities, as well as individual possibilities of using problematic objects proved to be the main factors of positive changes. The economically favorable situation after 2013 contributed to possibility of making the necessary building reconstruction. The use of public funds by municipalities was not frequent, mainly due to the non-existence of a suitable grant title or to the reluctance to run into debt and uncertainty of objects use. Nevertheless, the number of problematic objects decreased within examined decade and many of the objects found their use.

1993-2013: 20 godina Deklaracije o svjetskom etosu - Temeljne namjere nekoć – izazovi danas

Author(s): Karl-Josef Kuschel / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Što bi se još moglo reći tijekom predavanja o temi kakva je Deklaracija o svjetskom etosu a da to o njoj već nije podrobno istraženo i objavljeno? Od publikacija ću spomenuti samo rad o „Putu do Deklaracije o svjetskom etosu” [„Die Weltreligionen entdecken ihr gemeinsames Ethos. Der Weg der Weltethoserklärung”] Christel Hasselmann, koji je izvorno nastao kao doktorska radnja i objavljen već 2002, i X. poglavlje 3. sveska „Sjećanja” [„Erlebte Menschlichkeit”] Hansa Künga, u kojem je, pod naslovom „Projekt svjetskog etosa: jedan etos za čovječanstvo”, Küng opisao pozadinu i nastanak „Deklaracije o svjetskom etosu”, da bi, nadovezujući se na to, predstavio razvoj Projekta na temelju aktivnosti „Zaklade za svjetski etos”, koja je utemeljena 1995. Te su aktivnosti razvijene u vrlo različitim područjima rada i međunarodnim kontekstima, onako kako su još jednom i još podrobnije predstavljene 2012. u „Priručniku svjetskog etosa” [„Handbuch Weltethos. Eine Vision und ihre Umsetzung”], objavljenom 2012. uz suradnju Stephana Schlensoga i Günthera Gebhardta. Dakle, što tome još pridodati nakon što je o projektu svjetskog etosa, kako se to čini, sve rečeno?

Słowo wstępne

Author(s): Tadeusz Grabarczyk,Jarosław Kita,Magdalena Pogońska-Pol,Myroslav Voloshchuk / Language(s): English,Polish,Ukrainian Publication Year: 0

The face of the war in Ukraine war devastation and reconstruction concepts

Author(s): Sergii Belinskyi,Andrii Dmytrenko,Yulia Ivashko,Aneta Pawłowska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Every war brings losses not only on the economic level but also on the social level. Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, which began on 24 February 2022, made this clear once again. A country that had already experienced many starts in historical times also found itself in the heat of battle this time. The military conflict led to a significant migration of the Ukrainian population. As a result of bombing and shelling by the Russian army, many buildings of various purposes were destroyed – not only those classified as military infrastructure or those under state administration, schools, hospitals, residential buildings, businesses but also places of worship – orthodox churches. Although the war is still ongoing, gradual reconstruction is already taking place in the liberated territories and revitalization programs are being de- veloped. Many ideas related to reconstruction are borrowed from the experience of Poland and its reconstruction after the devastation of World War II. The article aims, among other things, to draw the attention of the world public to the war drama unfolding in Ukraine and to show the destruction from the first phase of the war as documented by a military photographer from the 28th Brigade of the Knights of the First Winter Campaign (Armed Forces of Ukraine) – Serhii Belinskyi.

НЕВІНЦЕНОСНІ ЕЛІТИ РУСЬКОГО (?) ПОХОДЖЕННЯ НА ВІЙСЬКОВІЙ СЛУЖБІ ПЯСТІВ КІНЦЯ ХІІ – ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ XIV СТ. ДЕЯКІ АНТРОПОНІМІЧНІ СПОСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ

Author(s): Myroslav Voloshchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Publication Year: 0

Extremely close inter-dynastic Ruthenian-Polish relations of the 10th–14th centuries were accompanied not only by the largest number of the bilateral marriages of the rulers, permanent military conflicts, peace treaties, the appearance of the compact communities of Ruthenians in the cities of the Piast dynasty or of Poles in Rus’, but also often by the military service to the neighboring dynasties. The presence of the outlined as the „Lyakhs” in the service of the Rurikids is well known. Our task was to find the analogues of the military service of single Ruthenians by the Piasts. According to the Latin identification Ruthenus, such persons could not be found during the mentioned period. However, the example of four representatives of the military nobility, bearers of the completely atypical for the possessions of the Polish dynasty names, deserves a special attention. There were Борис (Boris, Borissij, Borisius), in two cases Василь (Vasillus, Waysil, Waysszil, Waszil, Vazil, Woysil) and Дмитро (Dimitrius). In our opinion, most likely we are talking about the representatives of the non-dynastic elites of the Ruthenian origin in the first or second generations, who ended up in the service of the Silesian, Lesser Poland, or Masovian Princes due to the existing bilateral inter-dynastic relations, however – as a result of the matrimonial ties of the nobles of both countries.

WHY MUST THE UKRAINIAN WAR HAVE HAPPENED? HOW DID THE WEST IGNORE THE SIGNS OF IMPENDING TRAGEDY?

Author(s): Jacek Stanisławski / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article is going to reflect on the variety of origins leading to the current armed conflict in Ukraine. It will adopt the interdisciplinary approach, mainly sociological, political, and historical. Thus, instead of focusing on one important issue, I will try to gather the collective cause of the ongoing tragedy. The elaboration will analyse the recent history of the relations between Russia and the Western countries, and try to place the role of Ukraine in it. The main errors regarding the foreign policies of the West, as well as those regarding the Euro-Atlantic integration will be pointed out, too. The other issues that the Western world is facing will not remain unmentioned. It will be demonstrated what could have been done, so that the conflict had never broken out. The assessment of the current circumstances will provide suggestions what the countries should do to avoid any similar dramatic scenario in the future. Finally, I will consider several possible outcomes of the present situation. Apart from describing the pure facts available in the literature, I will share with my own experiences in the West, in Russia, and in Ukraine. I will stress how the phenomenon of propaganda is affecting the population. I will try to combine the general knowledge with the perception of the facts by ordinary people.

The impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity of Czech children

Author(s): Tereza Štveráková,Jakub Jačisko,Andrew Busch,Marcela Šafářová,Pavel Kolář,Alena Kobesová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Introduction: The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and related restrictions (closed schools and sports centers, social isolation, masks) may have a negative impact on children’s health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity (PA) of Czech children during COVID-19 in autumn 2020. Methods: Ninety-eight Czech children (mean age = 10.1 ± 1.47 years) completed the standardized Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Czech Children (PAQ-C/cz) during COVID lockdown. Data were compared with previously published norms. Thirty-five children also reported daily number of steps measured by accelerometers. Results: Total PAQ-C score was 0.38 lower during COVID compared to Pre-COVID [t(302) = 5.118., p < .001]. The male PAQ-C total score was 0.37 lower [t(146) = 3.21., p = .002)] and the female total score was 0.39 lower [t(154) = 3.97., p < .001] during COVID compared to Pre-COVID. Specifically, responses of PA during spare time, before-school, physical education (PE), and recess were significantly lower during COVID. The average number of steps was 7.767 steps/day (boys = 9.255; girls = 6.982). Conclusions: COVID lockdown resulted in significant reduction of PA in Czech children. Strategies to promote adequate PA of children during the pandemic need to be determined.