РАЗВИТИЕ ИТ-УСЛУГ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БЕЛАРУСЬ

Author(s): Galina Turban / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 37/2018

The purpose of the article was to characterize IT services in the global economy and the specifics of the development and regulation of IT services exports in the Republic of Belarus. The subject of the article was the study of the development of information technologies as a sector of the economy. The methods of study are analysis and synthesis, generalizations, groupings and the comparative analysis, systematic approach. In the theoretical part of the research, the concept of «information technologies» is defined, six stages of their development are singled out and their features are given. A detailed classification of «computer and information services», adopted in the Republic of Belarus, is given. The export potential of IT services in the world economy is shown, the main consumers of IT solutions are identified, the largest segments of the global IT market are identified and the forecast of their development is indicated, key players of the global IT market are identified. Expert assessments on the priority directions of the IT market development are summarized: cloud computing, back-office technologies, etc. The emphasis is on the significance of the development of IT-off shoring centers. In the Republic of Belarus, the industry of «computer and information services» has the highest growth rates. The most significant factors affecting the competitiveness of the Belarusian IT industry are: significant tax preferences, high level of education, developed infrastructure. Thanks to the High-Tech Park in 2016, the export of computer services has become the second most important article in shaping the positive balance of the external trade in services of the Republic of Belarus. The results of study can be used in the practice of companies, public authorities.

Развитие на американистиката: от „национална“ към „транснационална“

Author(s): Simona Samuilova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 5-6/2017

The article summarizes the factors that influence the emergence and development of American Studies in the United States and Western Europe. The author identifies key trends and themes that shape the character of the scientific discipline on both sides of the Atlantic in the second half of the 20th century, and outlines current trends and directions of its development at the beginning of the 21st century.

Развитието на дипломатическите отношения между България и Полша

Author(s): Detelina Dineva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2020

Due to certain similarities in their historical development (discontinuance of statehood for longer periods of time, for one thing), Bulgarians and Poles have demonstrated time and again sympathy for each other. Bulgaria was among the first countries to recognize the restored Polish state after WWI. Diplomatic relations between the two countries can be divided into two main periods. The first period started officially with the opening of the legation of the Polish Republic in Sofia in January 1919 and (about two years later) of the legation of the Kingdom of Bulgaria in Warsaw, and ended with Bulgaria’s joining the Tripartite Pact in March 1941. Despite their converse positions regarding the post-WWI settlement, during this period the Bulgarian-Polish relations gradually developed into serious cooperation in trade, armaments, education, science, and culture. In 1939–1941, Bulgarians rendered much needed assistance to Poles whose lives were in danger after the aggression against their country. The second period in the development of Bulgarian-Polish relations that started officially in late 1945 has two distinct subperiods, with events of the late 1980s – early 1990s serving as the dividing line. Until then, relations between Bulgaria and Poland proceeded within the Eastern Bloc framework, as members of the COMECON and the Warsaw Pact. After the disintegration of the Eastern Bloc, with the two countries generally taking the same path of development, and despite national specificities playing a part in the speed of their joining NATO and the EU, Bulgaria and Poland found much common ground for mutual understanding. Currently, Sofia and Warsaw support projects like the Three Seas Initiative and the Via Carpathia highway network, and are actively opposing the idea of a two-speed or multi-speed Europe. At the end of the 21st century’s second decade, it can be said that Bulgarian-Polish relations are characterized by the prevalence of common interests.

Развитието на занаятите и индустрията в България през ХІХ–ХХI век и приносът на Габрово

Том VІ на РИМ–Габрово. Велико Търново, Издателство Фабер , 2018. 447 с.

Author(s): Evgenia Kalinova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2019

Book review

РЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ГІДНОСТІ В ПРОСТОРІ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ ЦІННОСТЕЙ

Author(s): Olena Domanska / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2015

In the article category "dignity" is examined in connection with the changes of social situation in Ukraine and in space of European development. The social and cultural differences of the European and Ukrainian way of becoming of this valued phenomenon are investigated.

Революція гідності та російська агресія в Україні: польська рецепція

Author(s): Albert Nowacki / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 7/2017

This paper is devoted to the Ukrainian Revolution of Dignity, also known as Euromaidan, and Russian aggression in Ukraine. The subject of the research are Polish-Ukrainian relations after 1991, the Polish perception of the eastern neighbour and the reception of events related to the latest Ukrainian social protest as well as Russian aggression by Polish public opinion, Polish academic communities and Polish journalists. This work focuses only on book publishing and deliberately omits press publications.The paper pointed out that since the moment of independence in Ukraine in 1991, the interest in the Ukrainian issue has been constantly growing in Poland, with a significant increase in attention observed since 2004, namely since the Orange Revolution. Euro 2012 and events related to Euromaidan from 2013 also influenced Polish public opinion.On the basis of the analysed material it was found that the authors of Polish texts devoted to this issue are well versed in the complexities of Ukrainian internal politics and Ukrainian history. In their numerous texts, they paid particular attention to the complicated Ukrainian-Russian relations, patronizing treatment of Ukraine by the “elder brother” and Russian ruthlessness towards the “brotherly nation”. Among the described problems there is also the issue of oligarchisation of the Ukrainian economy, widespread corruption and inefficiency of subsequent governmental teams. Above all, however, the fact of ending the process of forming a civic society in Ukraine and the increase of national consciousness and unambiguous condemnation of the “hybrid war”, unlawful annexation of Crimea or aggression in Donbass are emphasized.

Релігійно-мистецьке життя Західної України як об’єкт наукового дослідження у період 1991–2011 років

Author(s): Olga Viktorovna Bilyavtseva / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 22/2012

The article gives a concise historiography of religious and artistic life in Western Ukraine and the Volyn region, particularly in the period 1991-2011 years. Analyzes of experts, which in a certain day studied this question. We explain the importance of research of local authors for the development of national art-science, including and on sacred art.

Рец. на: М. Палангурски. Адвокати. Управление. Политика (1879 – 2016). Велико Търново: Фабер, 2016, 215 c.

Author(s): Veselin Yanchev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2017

РОЛЬ ВОЛОНТЕРСТВА У ЗМІЦНЕННІ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА В УКРАЇНІ (90-ТІ РР. ХХ – ПЕРША ПОЛ. ХХІ СТ.)

Author(s): Halyna Melnychuk / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2018

The goal of the research. The article is an in-depth study of the major concerns of the volunteer movement under current conditions and its role in consolidation of civil society. The increase in activities of the volunteer movement in Ukraine took place in 2014 in relation to the events in Maidan and military conflict in Donbas. Volunteer help resulted from the pressing need to save people's lives, support the soldiers of Ukrainian army and assist the internally displaced persons from the conflict zone. Mobilization of resources by engaging civil society of Ukraine was carried out through volunteering. The author of the article provides insight into traditions of volunteering, mutual aid and civil activity in European countries. She defines the focus areas of the volunteers and emphasizes the need to assume a comprehensive set of measures regarding their support by state institutions. Scientific novelty. Peculiar features and axes of activities of volunteering in modern Ukraine are covered for the first time in Ukrainian historiography. It is substantiated that prompt self-organization of concerned citizens under difficult circumstances provided a powerful impetus for the new volunteering: protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens and preservation of a sovereign independent state. Conclusions. Activity of volunteer organizations under complicated social and political conditions is by far more efficient as opposed to that of state institutions burdened with time-consuming bureaucracy. The mass media and the latest information technologies helped to quickly bring volunteer programs and projects to the level of their practical implementation. Volunteers form the core of civil society as events in recent years have shown. However, the ultimate result is lost without clear organization of cooperation between public and power structures. Thus, the above-mentioned points out the necessity of developing standard provision of volunteer services in all spheres of civil society, meeting the requirements of time, while promotion of volunteer movement will contribute to the wider engagement of people in charity activities and become an impetus for social advancement and national development.

Роль драматургічного конфлікту в побудові різних версій кінопроекту

Author(s): Ivan Kanivets / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 34/2015

In autumn 2014 the State Cinema Agency of Ukraine in the announcement of the seventh call for proposals for the formation of program of film production and distribution in 2015-2016 year has put forward a new condition. "When a film project is planned for a broad audience, producer subjects have to provide documents confirming the interest in participating in film creation national television channels and film distributors, marketing strategy and producer vision of film project should include the concept of a television version of the film." For the first time in Ukraine not as an exception but systematically, directors face the need to propose draft film form with the condition of variability. Variability involves the creation of several films with different storylines based on one material. In the history of cinema variability was manifested in different ways. The State Cinema Agency of Ukraine suggests using variation for versions with different running time. We take as a basis that the theatrical version of the film will run less than the version for television. The television version, likely to consist of several parts. At first, consider the situation where a director and screenwriter face the problem of decomposition of the plot of a movie for a few films. Well written script, whether it's fictional or documentary film, provides the main conflict that will move the action from one scene to another. Trying to break the full story in some parts by separation of the finished material and supplement it with additional scenes to the desired timing will likely lead to the destruction of the conflict course, false endings and other unpleasant things. For making each part interesting for the audience, it must be self-sufficient work. And for this it is necessary that this part should have its start, development, climax, etc. That is, each series needs an independent conflict. Accordingly, the division of the full movie apart - is, first of all, the distribution of conflict or creating a series of conflicts over the original. But we can not forget that we have and with full movie with the only major conflict to do. Therefore there is the relationship between these conflicts. The simplest option is to create more conflicts based on the material of the full movie using the same protagonist and antagonist. Each of these conflicts has an independent line of development and its completion. Every part of this approach becomes virtually independent film. These parts are united by protagonist and antagonist in them, and their constant collisions. A more complex but interesting option is the coordination of possible conflicts if the main villain is a person who heads the organization or have some influence on other characters. Typically, an antagonist of the full film does not appear immediately. He acts through other characters, his assistants or servants. Often the protagonist generally not initially realize the nature of the conflict and who is behind this conflict. Only in the course of the film it becomes clear who the real enemy. Everything described above is general theory and it is suitable for both, documentaries and fictional movies. Applying this scheme, creators should not forget that in the last part antagonist has to show his presence in the first part. This presence should be light, but enough to make the viewer, after the seeing of all parts to understand the pattern, in which antagonist is at the top of the antagonists pyramid. As in detective story, everything necessary for the explanation should be stated at the beginning of the work. Another interesting option for coordinate conflicts is to use a single antagonist and different protagonists in different parts of the film. When you create a project, you can start to create series for the TV version, and only when the work is ready, start working on a theatrical version. So instead of decomposition of the plot, the goal is to create a single composition from several parts. It is wrong to make a theatrical version just cutting the series, it treats to harm to the development of the conflict. To some extent, work on the conflict in the composition is reversible mechanism of making of conflict in decomposition. Authors just need to find a correlation between conflict in each of the TV series and conflict in the theatrical version. Possibilities that opens the composition process, provide some template methods that may be quite suitable for a variety of scenario material. A typical scenario might include the following components: exposure, beginning, vicissitudes, culmination, climax. Any of these components can be constructed by simplifying a conflict of television parts. The simplest option is when the TV version consists of three parts, by combining them in a full meter, material of the first goes to the beginning, the second – to the development, the third – to the climax and denouement. This transformation requires minimum additional expenditure of time, because to some extent is mechanical. If you move away from simple template method of building a theatrical version from the separate parts, the most interesting are following methods: creation of complete films mainly based on the one part, the construction of complete films as a "digest" of individual parts, construction of films using reduced parts as episodes. Transition to the variability films can not be momentary. Therefore, the attempt of the State Cinema Agency of Ukraine systematically implement even the simplest form of variability can be seen as a very positive step.

Руската федерация и постсъветска Централна Азия. 1991–2014

Author(s): Louisa Revyakina / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2016

The article is dedicated to the relations between the Russian Federation (RF) and the five post-soviet Central Asian republics in the period 1991–2014. Following the breakup of the USSR relations between these states are considered against the background of integration, which was raised as an issue already at the time of organisational shaping of the Commonwealth of Independent States, but was designed in more specific terms and boosted in recent years in connection with the implementation of the idea of establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union. The article follows the bilateral economic, political and military relations of the Russian Federation with Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kirgizstan and Tajikistan. Attention is paid to the geopolitical role of projects like GUAM, SCTO and SCO with respect to Central Asia. The article makes an analysis of the specificity of RF’s policy under presidents B. Yeltsin and V. Putin. The article touches upon issues concerning the impact of the policy of the USA, EU, China and Turkey in Central Asia on the relations between the Russian Federation and the Central Asian republics.

Садржај медијског простора у Србији током 2015. године

Author(s): Sanja Stošić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2016

In terms of media and media sphere, this paper deals with the presumption of existence of public democracy. However, global culture defines the time we live in, as well as the commercialization of media space. In contemporary practice, the creators of public opinion are political figures, power centres, the media and the citizens. Neoliberalism in all spheres of life, wants to present itself as a synonym for freedom and democracy, but ethical values are degraded, intellectual critical awareness is overpowered by public ignorance and interpretations of media owner’s desires and intentions. In response to this climate, media regimes pursue profit, not public service goals. In other words, the democracy is framed by the commercial public sphere and the media content is linked to the formation of audiences’ assumptions about political practice. Thus, in the name of democracy, media space develops the idea of market forces rather than participary democracy and true public interest. In such circumstances, instead of informing citizens, the role of media is primarily to misinform and confuse them by “making the unimportant important”. In that way, the media content functions аs a weapon in peace, where competing interests battle over the creation and interpretation of meaning and reality. With growing uncertainty that contemporary citizens face, the cultural globalization of the entertainment industry seems more pronounced аnd the complexity of modern media space has brought to culture hybridization аnd increased popularity of reality shows whose participants act as the rats in a cage who will do anything for money. Also, because reality show focuses on random occurrences in people’s lives (with the help of some producer magic) there is no expectation for what could happen and constant fights and intense quarrels create one-dimensional man who in the “society of the spectacle” follows the the rule “if it bleeds, it leads”. However, contrary to its title, reality show does not represent true reality. Instead, it does exactly the opposite by displaying a superficial world that doesn’t exist, but the more viewers indulge in false realities, the more they lose focus with what is really going on in their lives. Nevertheless, it appears that the „rooting” in new identities аnd dispersion of power actually leads to a new, hidden restrictions of freedom, making citizens passive observers. On the other hand, the wide variety of reality TV shows intensisifies the cultural commodifcation and sets unrealistic standards for real life. The more ordinary people admire the “reality stars”, the more power these shows gain over the youth, society values and the media space. The current paper has examined the quantitative and qualitative aspects of Serbian media space during 2015 within the context of media content analysis. In the realm of Serbian democracy system and never-ending privatization process, manipulation appears inevitable because there are no enough resources for media independency. Analyzing contents of the most investigated daily newspapers in Serbia, main research findings in the field show that Serbian media coverage is mainly oriented towards protocol news and mainstream political practice, while journalists mostly rely on local governments and state institutions as sources of information, or even worse, on unknown sources. Accordingly, political and economic topics prevail, while citizens and their everyday problems remain on the margins of local media coverage. Additionally, in order to promote global-local success, the media industries have included content adaptations in television programming by adopting various reality shows that cross the line of decency. In conclusion, it is obvious that different media genres have their specific discourse through which sublimal messages are being sent to the audience. Unstable nature of the truth provided by various interpretations leads to abandoning of professional principles in journalism and their substitution with informative and entertaining contents. Within this context, news are losing their character as a public value and are becoming merchandised. Nevertheless, the aim of this paper is to highlight the fact that the media should not be viewed strictly as an instrument of political power, but also as an agent of social change and progress. Therefore, in this context the question of media literacy, diversity, ownership and content regulation are presented as the most important aspects of the quality of public discourse.

Саоптужени пред Eвропским судом за људска права – предности и ограничења

Author(s): Vesna Ćorić Erić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2014

In April 2013, the representatives of the Council of Europe and the European Union finalized the draft Accession Agreement that would allow the EU to accede to Convention. Taking the draft Accession Agreement as a starting point, this paper examines the co-respondent mechanism. After identifying the main features of the given mechanism, this paper aims to assess an extent to which the correspondent mechanism as determined by the given draft is capable to achieve the anticipated goals.

Сводный каталог кириллических рукописных книг, хранящихся в Литве: Предварительные материалы

Author(s): Nadezhda Morozova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: -/2016

The catalogue was prepared in 2008–2011, within the framework of the research project Lithuanica: Literary Heritage of the Ethnoconfessional Minorities of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Part II, funded by the Research Council of Lithuania (contract LIT–1–39). The paper provides brief information about all the Cyrillic manuscripts preserved in the libraries and museums of Lithuania. The catalogue is built on the database principle and includes the following fields: 1) title of the manuscript; 2) keeping place; 3) signature; 4) dating; 5) size; 6) storage; 7) provenance. The database contains information about 426 Cyrillic manuscripts: 419 of the manuscripts are kept in Vilnius, 6 books are found in the Biržai Region Museum Sėla and 1 — in the Rokiškis Region Museum. The collected data about the Cyrillic manuscripts preserved in the libraries and museums of Lithuania suggest that Lithuania has the biggest collection of these artifacts among the Baltic States.

Семейството в житейските разкази на бесарабските българи

Author(s): Zhenja Pimpireva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2016

The article is devoted to the role of life stories in the study of the family of theBessarabian Bulgarians. The eyewitnesses’ stories (or the stories of their loved ones)contain various appreciations, experiences, feelings, values, and meanings whichallow the reconstruction of their world. The study is based on the life stories collectedduring field ethnographic expeditions conducted in 2009-2010 in villages witha predominant or significant Bulgarian population in the Republic of Moldova andUkraine.The life stories are an invaluable source for the study of the Bessarabian familyin traditional and contemporary perspective. Sharing them requires a climate of trustbetween the respondents and the researcher. The life stories represent a collection ofselected facts and episodes, in which many hidden, suppressed and forgotten thingsremain beyond the narrative. Because of their subjective character, the family is representedin an estimative and emotional way enabling the identification of the trendsin its development and the judgement of its values and morals.

Симеуновићева рецепција историје

Author(s): Vladeta Jerotić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2013

Book Review

Смрт Европе и сумрак цивилизације или почетак краја бешчашћа и мистификација

Author(s): Boško Bojović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 147/2014

Jacques Hogard, L’Europe est morte à Pristina. Guerre au Kosovo (printemps– été 1999), Hugo & Cie, Paris 2014; Жак Хогар, Смрт Европе у Приштини.Рат на Косову (пролеће–лето 1999), Париз 2014

Создание и начало работы Императорского Русского военно-исторического общества в дневниках В. С. Савонько

Author(s): Maria Alexandrovna Smirnova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 24/2015

The article is devoted to the history of the Imperial Russian Military History Society (IRMHS). In 2012 in the Russian Federation the work of the society that existed in 1907–1917 was renewed. The article describes the specifics of the work of pre-revolutionary society, its organizational structure, publishing, composition and other issues. Particular attention is paid to the problem of creating IRMHS: different versions of the circumstances of the creation of a society and its initiators are given. In particular, the unique source — the diaries of the Guards officer Vladimir Savonko, a member of the Society since its inception is cited. His diaries contain valuable information on the difficult path of occurrence of the society, on options for its name, and the struggle between Alexandr Myshlaevsky and Mihail Sokolovsky for the leadership.

Софи Пинкас за холокоста, войната, мира и медицината

Author(s): Lyubomila Solenkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2018

In 2018 it is 75 years since the rescue of the Bulgarian Jews. On this occasion, I bring to the attention of the readers of Istoricheski Pregled a story about the life and activity of a person who experienced the threat to be sent to the Treblinka camp; who fought for her freedom and chose Bulgaria for her homeland – Sophie Leon Pinkas, born on 1 September 1923 in Vidin. In Bulgaria she graduated from school and then completed her higher education and became a specialist in pediatrics, defended her doctoral dissertation and habilitated.

СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ САМОЧУВСТВИЕ ЖЕНЩИН В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ 2015 Г. (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВОЛОГОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

Author(s): Irina Nikolaevna Dementyeva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2017

The article attempts to estimate economic and social situation of Vologda region in the conditions of 2015 economic crisis as well as closely connected with these issues mood of the region’s women. It is shown that women are one of the least protected categories. They are most vulnerable to negative changes of the social and economic situation. The conclusion is drawn that in the conditions of crisis the dynamics of women’s estimation of the economic situation in the country and the region as well as of their own financial position tends to be mainly negative. At the same time, their social well-being depends first of all on social and psychological climate within a family, on how the relations with children, close relatives, friends. The research is conducted on the basis of the public opinion monitoring data carried out by the Institute of the Socio-Economic Development of Territories of Russian Academy of Sciences in the Vologda region.