Platforma evropské paměti a svědomí, chronologie vzniku 2008–2011
This report describes the establishment and goals of the Platform of European Memory and Conscience, which has been founded in the year 2008.
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This report describes the establishment and goals of the Platform of European Memory and Conscience, which has been founded in the year 2008.
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Subject of research is smart growth. The aim is to study theoretical and practical aspects of smart growth in Ukraine. Methods which were used in course of research: method of comparative analysis, generalization, statistical and other research methods. Study results. Analyzed smart growth in Ukraine. Attention is paid to the priorities and objectives that should be key in the «Europe 2020», and their achievement will be crucial to our success in 2020. Application of results: Ministry of education and science of Ukraine, Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Conclusions. In Ukraine, an important activity of the state and regions should be smart growth, which depends on the capacity of higher education, science, domestic experts, the role of universities in innovative development, technological and industrial development of the regional and national economy.
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In the article the issues of economic growth of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) at the regional level during 2008-2016 are raised with special attention to the conditions resulting from the global financial crisis. The text of the article is divided into introduction, main part consisting of three parts and conclusions. The introduction contains the purpose and scope of study described in the article. The first part presents the regional structure of CEE; in the second part the results of growth dynamics analysis of the individual CEE countries national and regional economies on EU background are presented; in the third part the results of analysis of the convergence/divergence process across NUTS regions are presented. 2. The article ends with general conclusions about the impact of the global crisis on regional development, which can be used to improve regional policy.
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What are the consequences of Syriza coming to power in Greece in 2015? Did it become a new Weimar Germany for the future Europe? In this article we test the hypothesis that winning two consecutive parliamentary elections in 2015 and forming a government contributed to a farther institutionalisation of this party within the rules of Greek democracy. This article is based on data from the Greek Ministry of Interior and the website of the Greek parliament. This text aims at presenting the process of transformation of Syriza - a radical, left-wing, anti-establishment and anti-austerity party into a governmental entity, pro systemic and accepting the principle of the democratic state of law. All this was due to the establishing of the governmental coalition with ANEL, a nationalist party; social-economic reforms; the reform of the electoral system for parliamentary elections; the proposal of a constitutional reform and the ending of the nearly 30- year dispute with Macedonia. The electoral failure during the parliamentary elections on the 7th of July 2019 finishes a 4-year governance of Syriza and enables us to try to evaluate this experiment for the first time. A key finding of our investigation is the need to highlight the respect for the democratic rules by Syriza during its government and its further institutionalisation as one of the main groupings of the contemporary party system in Greece.
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2018 midterm elections in the United States allowed more ethnically and racially diverse candidates to become members of the Congress. The use of social media tools helped them to reach out to their community and get out the vote, which is especially important in Democratic campaign tactics. The article, by focusing on Colin Allred's and Andy Kim's Congressional bids, focuses on how their issue-oriented campaigns helped to mobilize the liberal voters. Furthermore, by analysing the rapidly changing demographics, it tackles the crucial question: do they mean the doom of the Republican Party?
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The changes in the French National Front in the second decade of the 21st century are generally associated with the advent of a new leader. In 2011, the then chairman Jean Marie Le Pen was replaced by his daughter Marine Le Pen. The reforms introduced by the new chairwoman, including a new party name – National Rally – are referred to as an attempt at dédiabolisation of the party, and they were expected to increase the party’s electoral support. The purpose of the article is to answer the questions about whether the change in party leadership caused profound ideological and programmatic transformation of the grouping or simply brought about changes in the image of the party and its leader. The article also examines the methods of political communication with voters, and whether we are still dealing with a niche and anti-establishment party or due to the reoccurring changes it has become part of the political mainstream.
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This study analyzes financial and economic determinants of sustainable economic performance using the quantile regression for the period from 1970 to 2016 for Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa. The main drivers of sustainable economic performance vary among the economies. It is driven by trade openness, government expenditure and political stability in Egypt. In South Africa, the desired threshold for financial development to impact growth is reached. Also, there is complementarity between financial development and trade openness. This proves their advancement at the domestic financial markets in the direction to sustainable economic performance. Interestingly, Nigerian economy’s sustainable growth is enhanced by capital account openness. Policies that will boast intra trade in Africa are encouraged as the AfCFTA has come to spur manufacturing activities on the continent. At the same time, emphasis should be set to improve financial and economic determinants of sustainable economic performance.
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The size of technology gap is one determinant of indirect spillover effects from FDI. Whether and to what extent FDI inflows generate positive spillovers affecting productivity growth of host country firms depends on several factors, including the degree of FP and the position of local and foreign businesses. The FDI index we created, follows the difference between the technology level of foreign companies and the regional business environment. The shift-share analysis is complemented by TOPSIS, which evaluated Czech regions individually between 2002 and 2017 on the basis of maximization and minimization data (individual components of RRTG). The aim of the paper is to determine the extent to which the presence of FDI is reflected in productivity of business environment. Regional evaluations via RRTG and TOPSIS significantly correlate. The differences in both versions are identified by comparing the mean values and the distribution functions of the results. The application of our approach to local regions is unique in identifying the size of technology gap at NUTS 3 levels. The advantage of this approach is its ease of modification. The studied set of regions can be indefinitely expanded and it is applicable to other territorial units and different time series.
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The subject of the article is the process of intensifying economic integration in the European Union in the years 2010‑2019, which is to lead to the creation of a real Economic and Monetary Union. The article is based on the theory of new intergovernmentalism, through which the eurozone system reform has been analyzed. The first part presents the main assumptions of the theory of new intergovernmentalism in relation to two models of European integration: intergovernmental and supranational. The second part was devoted to four projects included in the future Economic and Monetary Union: Financial Union, Economic Union, Fiscal Union and Political Union.
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This article deals with performance, stability and predictions for the individual sectors of the food industry in Czech Republic basing on the statistical data for the years 2005–2015. The goal of the article is to provide reasons for individual changes, i.e., to determine the key factors which have influence on the performance and stability of individual sectors, to point to the stability of individual sectors and at the same time to predict their performance in the future. The conclusion has been reached that bakery, confectionary and other flour-based products and Other food products are the best performing areas in the given branch and that Meat and meat products,. Fish, crustaceans and molluscs, Dairy products, Other food products and Industrial feeds will increase their performance in the future, while other areas in the branch which have been subjected to statistical analysis are expected to experience a fall in performance.
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The European Union (EU) has a hierarchy of integration processes and priorities, in the scope of an ever-expanding empire. States in the EU are not equal, especially in their function and assigned roles. In the ever-changing architecture of international order there is a lot of teamwork, sometimes ad hoc and sometimes coordinated. At a regional context, the EU integration process also takes place with the assignment of role-playing, to organize the expansion of the EU. Its favoured instrument of integration was the market. But as China gained control of this market system, the EU is abandoning it in favour of classical geopolitical forms of integration, which might reinstate a degree of belligerence in Europe. The decisive factor in the processes will be the role played by Central and Eastern European (CEE) members of the EU. There are stark differences between CEE countries, but consensus is emerging unto a new Eastern model of integration and reconstruction at national, EU and Transatlantic levels. This will have a profound impact on concepts like sovereignty, nation-state, and the whole idea of integration. After a brief appraisal of theoretical concepts like integration and sovereignty, the study will sketch the Eastern model and the EU integration process.
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Incivility in current US politics has become a hot topic of debate. There are those in society on any point of the spectrum who voice their opinions. This study investigates the perceptions and influences that digitalized political incivility has on US citizens. This research uses quantitative methods by presenting a questionnaire survey. The questions are tailored to examine differences in perceptions of various issues surrounding political incivility. Such areas include satisfaction levels with the current situation; content censorship issues; social networking sites responsibility of spreading incivility; and the social impact of incivility. The findings show that gender and age are vital determinants in perceptions of the survey respondents. It also finds that men and women are engaged differently in politics and view incivility online differently. The results also show that young people tend to be more tolerant of political incivility than the older population.
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In this paper I intend to argue that the War on Drugs, or American prohibitive drug policy in general, is heavily responsible in driving ethnic conflicts before and after 1970, to contextualize the events of the 2010s in order to provide a historical background. This paper aims to prove that Richard Nixon’s War on Drugs was aimed at maintaining a form of social control over the newly equal black community, and at the retention of some previously held executive and political power over them. Prohibitive drug policy is responsible in a large part for the unrests of the 2010s as a result. To be able to draw this conclusion the history of drugs and race in the United States needs to be briefly reviewed and compared with the international drug regulation, because the two frequently influenced each other during the 20th century, and without this history, an organic understanding of contemporary ethnic conflicts in the United States cannot manifest.
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The article presents the dynamics, characteristics and the shifting paradigms of the reception of Polish literature in China from 2012 to 2020. The author analyses the reasons for the popularity of the most often translated and read Polish authors on the Chinese publishing market, with particular interest in Czesław Miłosz, Olga Tokarczuk and Andrzej Sapkowski. She also presents the translators – both experienced and often recognised and awarded doyens of Polish studies in China, and those from the intermediate and youngest generations to whom the oldest ones passed the knowledge, skills, passion and the sense of common mission of building cross-cultural dialogue through literature.
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The article aims to determine the trends in the phenomenon of female delinquency in Poland in the years 2003–2018. To this end, on the basis of statistical data obtained from the Ministry of Justice: 1) the total number of convictions of female perpetrators during the analysed period was determined; 2) the categories of crimes which resulted in the highest level of convictions of female perpetrators were identified; 3) the types of crimes which dominated the criminal activity of women were analysed; 4) it was determined whether the level of female aggression accompanying the implementation of crimes increases. In the course of the research, several remarks were formulated, of which three findings remain the most important: 1) women commit crimes analogous to those of men (the absence of such prohibited acts which they would not commit); 2) infanticide, which was considered to be the most symptomatic female crime in view of the incidence of convictions under Article 149 of the Polish Criminal Code, loses its character; 3) the crime which dominates from the perspective of statistical research on the number of convictions of female perpetrators is currently fraud.
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The study presents an analysis of the practice of filing requests for preliminary rulings by Polish administrative courts to the Court of Justice of the European Union. In addition to an analysis of statistical data covering the years 2004–2019, the paper discusses the course of the proceedings before the national court requesting a preliminary ruling and the resulting proceedings before the Court of Justice of the European Union. Based on the research conducted, the author concludes that the administrative courts are the ones from all Polish courts which most often make requests for preliminary rulings to the Court of Justice. It is the Supreme Administrative Court in particular which uses this opportunity, with most requests being concerned with tax law. It should be emphasised that requests for preliminary rulings made by Polish administrative courts have been drafted in a very diligent manner which led the Court of Justice to render rulings on the merits in nearly all cases.
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Purpose - The objective of the paper is to assess the changes in the Cracow housing market in pandemic times, comparing Q12020 and Q12021. Methodology - To access the changes in the residential real estate market in Cracow, details of 21,115 listings have been collected from the listing website, Otodom. The data has been cleansed in terms of duplicate observations, missing data, and outliers. The data has been summarized in regards to the number of listings, average listing price, and average floor area. Findings - The Cracow residential market has been experienced with the change of the number of offers, average price, and average floor area. The severity of those changes differs in each submarket. The rental market has shrunk, the average listing price and the average floor area of an apartment dropped. The most impacted regions are those near the city centre. The primary sales market has been blocked, many investments have been put on hold, therefore the number of offers dropped. However, the prices on the market keep rising. The average floor area of apartments has noted a slight decline. The secondary sales market has been more active than the previous ones. The number of offers doubled but on the other hand, average prices and average floor area of apartments declined. Research limitations - The conducted study has been performed based on listings, then those data do not reflect real events occurring on the market. Therefore, analysis formed on transaction prices is needed. Additionally, using average as a metric may lead to bias as offered apartment structure differs between subperiods. Research implications - The study confirmed that changes are taking place in the housing market in Cracow in the COVID-19 times. It should be noted that it is not determined if those changes are permanent, therefore further studies are required.
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The aim of this paper is to recognize the factors limiting journalists’ sense of autonomy and affecting the level of their self-censorship during the last three decades of the post-transformation period. The issue will be addressed two-fold. First, we will analyze changes in the journalists’ perception on their professional autonomy. Second, we will examine trends in relations between the political system and media system in Poland since the 1990s. The findings show that in the 1990s journalists were still much more concerned about the political factors which could affect their work than about the economic ones. A decade later they had become much more aware of the economic pressures on their profession, such as owners’ expectations and market-driven journalism. In the last few years, however, the constant pressure of ongoing government reforms aimed at bringing the press under tighter political control, as well as the emphasis on ‘national’ content, has already led to some degree of self-censorship on the part of journalists.
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One of important factors of attractiveness of a region is its natural environment, namely a set of natural elements which are of interest to a tourist. In terms of economy, it is a source of raw materials and energy, it ensures geographical space, business opportunities and a place to live and relax. The aim of the research included in this article is to indicate the possibility of using synthetic measurement to recognize spatial disparities of the natural environment on the basis of selected diagnostic features of 102 municipalities of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The data presented in this article refer to 2009, 2012 and 2015 and come from the Local Data Bank. The following variables were selected: the total use of household water per one inhabitant, the distribution network per 100 km2 - water pipe system, the distribution network per 100 km2 – sewage system, woodland area, areas protected by law, protected monuments. The elements indicated refer to entities which function and operate in a territorial unit. The methods presented enable us to identify areas of human life (or human impact on the environment) of higher/lower efficiency (which depends on the level of synthetic measure) and, then, programme their support from public funds within the framework of the regional policy.
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The findings presented in the commentary aim at assessing the legitimacy of the Supreme Court’s view expressed in the decision of 11 January 2018 (III CSK 349/16), according to which the co-owner is obliged towards other co-owners excluded from holding and using the item being the object of fractional ownership to pay the compensation for the use of this item by his household member. The discussion covers the concept and civil-law status of the household member and the admissibility of accepting the household member by the co-owner of a property owned as a fractional ownership. The problems of the co-owner’s liability for the behaviour of the household member and the liability of the household member for his/her own behaviour towards the co-owners deprived of the use of the joint property were also discussed.
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