"Błąd krymski" jako efekt myślenia grupowego? Polska wobec aneksji Krymu w 2014 roku

Author(s): Agnieszka Orzelska-Stączek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 39/2015

The ease with which Russia managed to surprise the political elites of the West with the events of early 2014 is dumbfounding. On the eve of the annexation of the Crimea, no one in the public space in Poland warned against the upcoming turn in the policies of Moscow. Representatives of the highest Polish authorities responsible for the security and foreign policy were clearly surprised with the developments. Undoubtedly, the “Crimean error” indicates that information that had been flowing from Russia for a long time was ignored as it did not fit into the policy adopted by the Polish authorities. From today's perspective, multiple signals can be indicated about the upcoming profound changes in the immediate environment of Polish security.When examining why the Polish authorities did not notice the upcoming shift in the politics of Russia, we should take into account the group thinking syndrome, described by Irving Janis. In this approach, group members try to minimize conflict and reach a consensus decision without critical evaluation of alternative viewpoints. This term has gained popularity in social psychology, but has also provided important research tools for the analysis of foreign policy, treated as a separate area in the context of international relations.

"Trzeba umieć sobie radzić"

Author(s): Olga Drenda / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 672/2018

Polska w latach 90. przeżywała uwiedzenie karykaturalnym z dzisiejszej perspektywy światem wielkiego biznesu, uosabianym przez okładki poradników dla przyszłych milionerów: eleganci w doskonale skrojonych garniturach podskakują z entuzjazmem przed siedzibą giełdy.

"По-русски говорите": сообщение информации и обратная связь во взаимодействии врача-генетика и Пациента

Author(s): Aleksandr Shirokov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of interactions between geneticists and patients through the perspectives of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. The focus of the research is on how geneticists deliver medical information to their patients and how patients are involved in this process. The primary data are audio recordings and ethnographic observations of genetic counseling sessions conducted in July–December 2018. The study also uses materials from interviews with geneticists and from genetics textbooks that deal with issues of patient-provider communication. The author criticizes some features characteristic of the research on “information delivery” in a medical context. First, such studies are often one-sided: although they analyze how the patient understands information and what it means to him/her, the patient is represented as a passive recipient of information. This article, conversely, argues that the patient is also an active participant in the process of formulating information through various kinds of promptings, clarifications, and responses. Thus, communication of information is a joint achievement of doctor and patient. Secondly, when analyzing information delivery, various expressions, for example, “yes,” “aha,” “ooh,” and such, are considered signals of epistemic status change in conversation analysis. That is, it is assumed that these are signals that the recipient has received the information and understood the message. The question of which part of the message the recipient understood is hardly addressed. This article highlights a specific feature of the interaction between geneticist and patients: the difficulty of achieving mutual understanding. For the doctor, a description of the patient’s condition and his/her diagnosis is “packed” into abstract medical concepts, the explanation of which is problematic during the consultation process. Hence the difficulty of reaching an understanding, which happens either when the doctor himself/ herself begins to use everyday language or when the patient begins to ask for clarification in everyday language (although this can lead to tension). Using medical terms, the doctor gives a report, but it does not explain everything to the patient, and because of the problematic nature of the demonstration of misunderstanding, the patient has almost no way to tell the doctor about it.

(Re)conceptualization of Memory in Ukraine after the Revolution of Dignity

Author(s): Csilla Fedinec,István Csernicskó / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

In Ukraine, having arrived at a critical stage of its history, three areas can be highlighted at the level of legislation during the struggle for the way forward since the end of 2013: the language issue, the constitutional process, and the efforts to eliminate the Soviet legacy. The subject of our analysis is the four laws belonging to the 2015 legislative package on decommunization, with an outlook to the broader context, as well. The four laws in question decide about who are heroes and who are enemies in history; what Ukraine’s relationship is with World War II, as well as with the Communist and Nazi regimes. The laws point out firmly and excluding any further debate the primacy of the country’s independence over all else, and the protection of the ideal of independence by any means concerning both the past and the present. The laws prescribe impeachment as a sanction for denying their contents. This story – hot memory influenced by politics – will be summarized for theperiod of 2015–2016.

0 Years of the Ronald S. Lauder Foundation in Poland, 1987-2017

Author(s): Maciej Pawlak / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2017

This article presents the history of the Ronald S. Lauder Foundation in Poland from when it was founded 30 years ago. The Foundation was established by Ambassador Ronald S. Lauder, businessman, diplomat and philanthropist. It was the first organization to initiate Jewish educational activities during the period of political changes in Poland. The Foundation’s activities focused mainly on education, both formal and informal. During early ’90’s people in Poland started to discovered their Jewish roots and thanks to the RLSF it was possible to learn and understand Jewish history, religion and culture. The author describes projects organized by the Foundation as well as its development and significance in the rebirth of Jewish life in Poland. Among the Foundation’s most important projects are the Lauder-Morasha School Complex in Warsaw, the summer educational camps for families and youths, a genealogical project, and the Lauder e-School. The Foundation has also made a huge contribution and provided support to many organizations, institutions and Jewish Communities throughout Poland.

120 lat polskiej obecności w Argentynie (1897-2017). Historia i teraźniejszość

Author(s): Piotr Wasilewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2019

The origins of Polish emigration to Argentina date back to the 19th century. Poles emigrated to this distant, overseas country, first as individuals and then in larger groups. We can distinguish several waves of Polish collective emigration to Argentina: pre-war, that is, the period of partitions, with special regard to 1897, interwar and post-war, especially from 1945-1950. The article summarizes the information we have about the historical aspects of the phenomenon described, explains the reasons for the trips, highlights the role of the clergy, lists the most important places for Poles to settle, and the ways and forms of maintaining Polish national identity, both in the past and in the present.

16+1 Expert-Level Forum: China and East-Central Europe on the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Kraków, 11-14 October 2016

Author(s): Hanna Schreiber / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The words of the most renowned poet of the Tang dynasty (8th century AD) about the dialogue between the past, the present, and the future – the basis of our cultural identity – accompanied the representatives of the 17 countries that were hosted in Poland on 11-14 October 2016. The renowned experts arrived in order to discuss intangible cultural heritage and its safeguarding. The organizers of this meeting were the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage and the Polish National Heritage Board. It was additionally supported by the Polish Council for Intangible Cultural Heritage.

1980'LERDEN GÜNÜMÜZE KÜRESELLEŞMEYLE GELİŞEN "KİMLİK POLİTİKALARI" VE SANATA YANSIMALARI

Author(s): Gökçen Şahmaran Can / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 61/2019

The changing side of socio-cultural, economic, technological and political structure over the world, which occurred with globalization, rapid development of information and communication technologies especially during 1980s intensified the international interaction and caused the globalization to accelerate. These effects significantly changed the notion of individual, changing economic, sociological and political balances made the individual obliged to look at the world with a new point of view. Differentiation emerged in this period that significant theoretical divergences occurred. The notions such as discrimination, racism, anti otherness concertized with globalization, “identity politics” emerged as the notions which was introduced to field of expression by the art. This period when post-structuralism and deconstructionism revealed the unity of life, politics and art with an understanding that developed around “I” caused the “other” to be accepted and women, black people, homosexuals to have the freedom to express themselves. The artists addressed phenomena such as gender politics, sexual identity, ethnic identity, discrimination in their works created through various ways of expression, and they shaped their arts in this direction. Artistic construction of identity politics developed with globalization which constitutes the content of the subject was examined and assessed in terms of social identity characteristics within the context of sociology methods and theories. Artistic construction was examined over a broad bibliography; the acquired findings put forth art’s theoretical discussions from past to present comparatively.

20 години секция Медицински науки при Съюза на учените в България – клон Сливен

Author(s): Ivan Trifonov,Vasislav Petrov,Maria Todorova,Janeta Uzunova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 01+02/2016

2003–2015: ERA MEHANIZAMA ZA RODNU RAVNOPRAVNOST

Author(s): Edita Miftari / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 0

Ovo poglavlje obrađuje žensku politiku i angažmane najaktivnijih političarki u BiH od usvajanja Zakona o ravnopravnosti spolova 2003. godine do trenutka pisanja ovog poglavlja 2015. godine. Usvajanje ovog Zakona se u historiji bh. ženske politike postavlja kao prekretnica u ženskoj političkoj participaciji, a najviše zato što je rodna kvota od 40% koju uvodi dovela i do harmonizacije drugih ključnih zakonskih odredbi, kao što su odredbe Izbornog zakona BiH, o čemu će također biti riječi u poglavlju koje slijedi. Jedan od vrlo važnih momenata u ženskom političkom udruživanju, pored udruživanja unutar političkih partija u različite forume, asocijacije i aktive, predstavlja i formiranje prvog nadstranačkog kluba u Parlamentu Federacije BiH 2013. godine. Stoga će ovo poglavlje obraditi izazove i prepreke sa kojima su se susretale federalne parlamentarke u implementiranju ove inicijative. Ovo poglavlje će obraditi i segment izvršne vlasti u BiH, s obzirom da posljednjih godina žene obnašaju sve više izvršnih funkcija na svim nivoima u BiH, ali će također biti riječi i o unutarstranačkim strukturama nekih političkih partija, odnosno o položaju žena na pozicijama odlučivanja unutar njihovih političkih opcija. Za kraj, ovo poglavlje će kratko predstaviti i nove nade na političkoj sceni u BiH koje predstavljaju budućnost bh. ženske politike.

2016 HOLLANDA-TÜRKİYE SİYASİ KRİZİNE HÜRRİYET VE HOLLANDA GAZETESİ ALGEMEEN DAGBLAD’IN BAKIŞININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Author(s): İsmail Cem Feridunoğlu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 43/2019

Turkish Ministers' demands to organize rallies for citizens living in Europe within the framework of the constitutional amendment which was enacted by the Grand National Assembly on January 21 and would be offered to the public through a referendum on April 16, and the rejection of these meetings first in Germany and then in the Netherlands were the starting point of the crisis. The problem, which started with Germany, deepened with the Netherlands, which was on the eve of the general elections to be held on March 15, 2017, and was ascended to the level of a diplomatic crisis. First, the speeches to be given by Minister of Justice Bekir Bozdağ in Gaggenau, Germany and Minister of Economy Nihat Zeybekçi in Cologne on March 2 were banned. Afterwards, the tension between the two countries has increased following mutually austere declarations. Considering the differences between the parties' comments on the course of events and their response to the crisis, it is obvious that the election atmosphere on both sides made an impact on the unfolding of the events.

21. YÜZYIL İSRAİL-TÜRKİYE İLİŞKİLERİNİN LİBERAL GÜVENLİK YORUMU

Author(s): Armağan Örki / Language(s): Turkish / Publication Year: 0

Bu çalışma, liberal kurama bağlı olarak İsrail ve Türkiye ilişkilerinin 21. yüzyıldaki durumunun değerlendirilmesini amaçlamıştır. Liberal kuramın güvenliğe bakışına dayanarak, iki ülke arasındaki ilişkilerin güvenlik yaklaşımını nasıl şekillendirdiği açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Klasik Liberalizmin küresel güvenlik ve barış yorumu, İsrail ile Türkiye arasındaki ilişkilerin tekrar değerlendirilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Kısacası 21. Yüzyıldaki İsrail ve Türkiye güvenlik algısının liberal kurama dayalı yorumlanması sunulmuştur.

25-eri požiūrio į Lietuvos narystę Europos Sąjungoje tyrimų metai: 1991–2016

Author(s): Vladas Gaidys / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 4/2016

Examination of the attitudes towards Lithuania’s membership in the European Community (hereinafter the European Union) has been started in the first representative public opinion surveys. The Public Opinion Research Center at the Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law (Lithuanian Academy of Sciences) began to study this issue in 1991. Since then, many representative surveys have been conducted, and attitudes towards the membership have been changing. Also, motives of supporting or not supporting the membership, a thematic discourse and actuality of this issue in the society have been altering. The dynamics of different aspects of the attitudes is analyses in the paper. The empirical results show that after a strong support of the membership 25 years ago, a period of skepticism followed, and later on the period of optimism appeared again. The latest surveys indicate a high support for Lithuania’s membership in the European Union as well. A high support for the membership before the Euro referendum was not defined by believes in quick personal benefits, but rather by believes in benefits for children in the future and for Lithuania in general. This is one of the reasons why later a disappointment in the membership was not fixed. The support for Lithuania’s membership in the EU has been and remains higher among younger, better qualified people and, inhabitants of big cities.

3D documentation in archaeological fieldwork: a case study from the site of Metsamor

Author(s): Otto Bagi / Language(s): English / Issue: XXVI/2017

Three-dimensional recording techniques, although growing rapidly in efficiency and applicability for archaeologists, have still not been turned to full account, mainly because they require for the most part expensive equipment and know-how. In this respect, photogrammetry is unique, being relatively cheap and easy to use. The joint Armenian–Polish archaeological project in Metsamor drew on the possibilities of this technology, which is relatively new to archaeological proceedings, in the daily recording system used at the site. The following article discusses the step-by-step application of photogrammetry in field documentation and its positive impact on archaeological work, Metsamor being taken as a case in point.

41st Session of the World Heritage Committee Kraków, 2-12 July 2017

Author(s): Magdalena Marcinkowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The 41st session of the World Heritage Committee (“the Committee”) was held in Kraków, 2-12 July 2017. It was Poland’s first time hosting experts from around the world who came together to discuss the system of the protection of the World Heritage Sites. The Committee’s meeting (composed of 21 States Parties) was chaired by Professor Jacek Purchla, Chairperson of the Polish National Committee for UNESCO.

60 anni di ICE-Agenzia in Polonia. 60 lat ICE – Agencji Promocji i Internacjonalizacji Przedsiębiorstw Włoskich w Polsce

Author(s): Antonino Mafodda / Language(s): Polish,Italian / Publication Year: 0

Bilingual volume published in cooperation with the Embassy of Italy in Poland and with the Italian Institute of Culture to celebrate the centenary of the Italian-Polish diplomatic relations (1919–2019).Texts by the renowned Italian and Polish authors (translated from Italian to Polish or vice versa) are divided into two parts: “Diplomacy, economy, history” and “Art, film, literature, theatre”. Such division allows to follow the Polish-Italian bonds in different fields, from translation and performance of the Italian tragedies on the Polish stages, to cooperation with the FIAT company. There is also reflection on the Polish-Italian relations in the difficult interwar period and during the Second World War. In this context one text has exceptional significance - that of Vincenzo Mario Palmieri, Italian anatomic pathologist and a member of the international commission that examined the Katyń massacre in 1943.The volume not only for the Italophiles but also for all those interested in the history of the 20th century and in the issues of the international relations.

6335 Sayılı Kanun Değişikliği Sonrası Yeni Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nda Ticari Defterlerin Yeni Düzeni Ve Finansal Raporlama

Author(s): Koray Tuan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 6/2013

Turkish Commercial Code No. 6762, which remained in force for over 55 years, has provided for the development of commercial activity in a specific order. However, Turkish Commercial Code was insufficient to cover the current needs in the face of major changes occurring in the economic and trade life of Turkey and the rest of the world. This situation certainly gave rise to the need for preparation and implementation of an update commercial code. For this purpose, the New Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 (New TCC) entered into force on July 1, 2012. Code No. 6335, as a 50 articles revision package, entered into force in conjunction with the New TCC published in Official Gazette No. 28339, dated June 30, 2012 in order to prevent problems that might arise in practice and to facilitate adaptation of legislation before effective date of the New TCC. In this study, the radical innovations and regulations on the order of entry of commercial books and financial reporting issues under the Code No. 6102, which also includes the changes of Code No. 6335, were examined and evaluated.

70 години от създаването на Института за литература – БАН. Интервю с доц. д-р Елка Трайкова

Author(s): Maya Padeshka / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2018

A BRIEF HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF CHINESE DIPLOMATIC TIES TO AFRICA

Author(s): Mihai Cătălin Avram / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2017

The research is aimed at understanding the dynamic of Sino-African relations starting with the 1960’s. The article elaborates on the thesis that Sino-African diplomatic and economic ties have tended to fluctuate over time. Regardless of all fluctuations however, the overall relationship has strengthened. The strengthening trend is linked to multiple factors which include the dependency of local economies in relation to Chinese financial resources, the Chinese aim of gaining access to raw materials vital for a number of industrial processes but also by a constant anti-Western discourse that caught on to the African elite for quite some time. Some of the economic effects of these historic diplomatic ties are also presented.

A circular pool in the main courtyard of the “Hellenistic” House in Nea Paphos. Preliminary remarks

Author(s): Marcin M. Romaniuk / Language(s): English / Issue: XXVI/2017

Excavations in the main courtyard of the “Hellenistic” House in Nea Paphos in 2016, Polish excavations, revealed a small circular pool with immured tops of Dressel 6A amphorae in the wall surrounding it and a circular imprint in the middle of the floor. The paper undertakes a discussion of possible form and function, putting forward a tentative interpretation based on a study of parallels that we are dealing with an ornamental pool, a popular furnishing of wealthy Roman house gardens, functioning perhaps as a fishpond (piscina) or a tank with water constantly running in and out, with a labrum or columnar pedestal standing in the middle.