"Błąd krymski" jako efekt myślenia grupowego? Polska wobec aneksji Krymu w 2014 roku

Author(s): Agnieszka Orzelska-Staczek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 39/2015

The ease with which Russia managed to surprise the political elites of the West with the events of early 2014 is dumbfounding. On the eve of the annexation of the Crimea, no one in the public space in Poland warned against the upcoming turn in the policies of Moscow. Representatives of the highest Polish authorities responsible for the security and foreign policy were clearly surprised with the developments. Undoubtedly, the “Crimean error” indicates that information that had been flowing from Russia for a long time was ignored as it did not fit into the policy adopted by the Polish authorities. From today's perspective, multiple signals can be indicated about the upcoming profound changes in the immediate environment of Polish security.When examining why the Polish authorities did not notice the upcoming shift in the politics of Russia, we should take into account the group thinking syndrome, described by Irving Janis. In this approach, group members try to minimize conflict and reach a consensus decision without critical evaluation of alternative viewpoints. This term has gained popularity in social psychology, but has also provided important research tools for the analysis of foreign policy, treated as a separate area in the context of international relations.

"Trzeba umieć sobie radzić"

Author(s): Olga Drenda / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 672/2018

Polska w latach 90. przeżywała uwiedzenie karykaturalnym z dzisiejszej perspektywy światem wielkiego biznesu, uosabianym przez okładki poradników dla przyszłych milionerów: eleganci w doskonale skrojonych garniturach podskakują z entuzjazmem przed siedzibą giełdy.

(Re)conceptualization of Memory in Ukraine after the Revolution of Dignity

Author(s): Csilla Fedinec,István Csernicskó / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

In Ukraine, having arrived at a critical stage of its history, three areas can be highlighted at the level of legislation during the struggle for the way forward since the end of 2013: the language issue, the constitutional process, and the efforts to eliminate the Soviet legacy. The subject of our analysis is the four laws belonging to the 2015 legislative package on decommunization, with an outlook to the broader context, as well. The four laws in question decide about who are heroes and who are enemies in history; what Ukraine’s relationship is with World War II, as well as with the Communist and Nazi regimes. The laws point out firmly and excluding any further debate the primacy of the country’s independence over all else, and the protection of the ideal of independence by any means concerning both the past and the present. The laws prescribe impeachment as a sanction for denying their contents. This story – hot memory influenced by politics – will be summarized for theperiod of 2015–2016.

0 Years of the Ronald S. Lauder Foundation in Poland, 1987-2017

Author(s): Maciej Pawlak / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2017

This article presents the history of the Ronald S. Lauder Foundation in Poland from when it was founded 30 years ago. The Foundation was established by Ambassador Ronald S. Lauder, businessman, diplomat and philanthropist. It was the first organization to initiate Jewish educational activities during the period of political changes in Poland. The Foundation’s activities focused mainly on education, both formal and informal. During early ’90’s people in Poland started to discovered their Jewish roots and thanks to the RLSF it was possible to learn and understand Jewish history, religion and culture. The author describes projects organized by the Foundation as well as its development and significance in the rebirth of Jewish life in Poland. Among the Foundation’s most important projects are the Lauder-Morasha School Complex in Warsaw, the summer educational camps for families and youths, a genealogical project, and the Lauder e-School. The Foundation has also made a huge contribution and provided support to many organizations, institutions and Jewish Communities throughout Poland.

120 lat polskiej obecności w Argentynie (1897-2017). Historia i teraźniejszość

Author(s): Piotr Wasilewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2019

The origins of Polish emigration to Argentina date back to the 19th century. Poles emigrated to this distant, overseas country, first as individuals and then in larger groups. We can distinguish several waves of Polish collective emigration to Argentina: pre-war, that is, the period of partitions, with special regard to 1897, interwar and post-war, especially from 1945-1950. The article summarizes the information we have about the historical aspects of the phenomenon described, explains the reasons for the trips, highlights the role of the clergy, lists the most important places for Poles to settle, and the ways and forms of maintaining Polish national identity, both in the past and in the present.

16+1 Expert-Level Forum: China and East-Central Europe on the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Kraków, 11-14 October 2016

Author(s): Hanna Schreiber / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The words of the most renowned poet of the Tang dynasty (8th century AD) about the dialogue between the past, the present, and the future – the basis of our cultural identity – accompanied the representatives of the 17 countries that were hosted in Poland on 11-14 October 2016. The renowned experts arrived in order to discuss intangible cultural heritage and its safeguarding. The organizers of this meeting were the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage and the Polish National Heritage Board. It was additionally supported by the Polish Council for Intangible Cultural Heritage.

20 години секция Медицински науки при Съюза на учените в България – клон Сливен

Author(s): Ivan Trifonov,Vasislav Petrov,Maria Todorova,Janeta Uzunova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 01+02/2016

2003–2015: ERA MEHANIZAMA ZA RODNU RAVNOPRAVNOST

Author(s): Edita Miftari / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 0

Ovo poglavlje obrađuje žensku politiku i angažmane najaktivnijih političarki u BiH od usvajanja Zakona o ravnopravnosti spolova 2003. godine do trenutka pisanja ovog poglavlja 2015. godine. Usvajanje ovog Zakona se u historiji bh. ženske politike postavlja kao prekretnica u ženskoj političkoj participaciji, a najviše zato što je rodna kvota od 40% koju uvodi dovela i do harmonizacije drugih ključnih zakonskih odredbi, kao što su odredbe Izbornog zakona BiH, o čemu će također biti riječi u poglavlju koje slijedi. Jedan od vrlo važnih momenata u ženskom političkom udruživanju, pored udruživanja unutar političkih partija u različite forume, asocijacije i aktive, predstavlja i formiranje prvog nadstranačkog kluba u Parlamentu Federacije BiH 2013. godine. Stoga će ovo poglavlje obraditi izazove i prepreke sa kojima su se susretale federalne parlamentarke u implementiranju ove inicijative. Ovo poglavlje će obraditi i segment izvršne vlasti u BiH, s obzirom da posljednjih godina žene obnašaju sve više izvršnih funkcija na svim nivoima u BiH, ali će također biti riječi i o unutarstranačkim strukturama nekih političkih partija, odnosno o položaju žena na pozicijama odlučivanja unutar njihovih političkih opcija. Za kraj, ovo poglavlje će kratko predstaviti i nove nade na političkoj sceni u BiH koje predstavljaju budućnost bh. ženske politike.

25-eri požiūrio į Lietuvos narystę Europos Sąjungoje tyrimų metai: 1991–2016

Author(s): Vladas Gaidys / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 4/2016

Examination of the attitudes towards Lithuania’s membership in the European Community (hereinafter the European Union) has been started in the first representative public opinion surveys. The Public Opinion Research Center at the Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law (Lithuanian Academy of Sciences) began to study this issue in 1991. Since then, many representative surveys have been conducted, and attitudes towards the membership have been changing. Also, motives of supporting or not supporting the membership, a thematic discourse and actuality of this issue in the society have been altering. The dynamics of different aspects of the attitudes is analyses in the paper. The empirical results show that after a strong support of the membership 25 years ago, a period of skepticism followed, and later on the period of optimism appeared again. The latest surveys indicate a high support for Lithuania’s membership in the European Union as well. A high support for the membership before the Euro referendum was not defined by believes in quick personal benefits, but rather by believes in benefits for children in the future and for Lithuania in general. This is one of the reasons why later a disappointment in the membership was not fixed. The support for Lithuania’s membership in the EU has been and remains higher among younger, better qualified people and, inhabitants of big cities.

3D documentation in archaeological fieldwork: a case study from the site of Metsamor

Author(s): Otto Bagi / Language(s): English / Issue: XXVI/2017

Three-dimensional recording techniques, although growing rapidly in efficiency and applicability for archaeologists, have still not been turned to full account, mainly because they require for the most part expensive equipment and know-how. In this respect, photogrammetry is unique, being relatively cheap and easy to use. The joint Armenian–Polish archaeological project in Metsamor drew on the possibilities of this technology, which is relatively new to archaeological proceedings, in the daily recording system used at the site. The following article discusses the step-by-step application of photogrammetry in field documentation and its positive impact on archaeological work, Metsamor being taken as a case in point.

41st Session of the World Heritage Committee Kraków, 2-12 July 2017

Author(s): Magdalena Marcinkowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The 41st session of the World Heritage Committee (“the Committee”) was held in Kraków, 2-12 July 2017. It was Poland’s first time hosting experts from around the world who came together to discuss the system of the protection of the World Heritage Sites. The Committee’s meeting (composed of 21 States Parties) was chaired by Professor Jacek Purchla, Chairperson of the Polish National Committee for UNESCO.

6335 Sayılı Kanun Değişikliği Sonrası Yeni Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nda Ticari Defterlerin Yeni Düzeni Ve Finansal Raporlama

Author(s): Koray Tuan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 6/2013

Turkish Commercial Code No. 6762, which remained in force for over 55 years, has provided for the development of commercial activity in a specific order. However, Turkish Commercial Code was insufficient to cover the current needs in the face of major changes occurring in the economic and trade life of Turkey and the rest of the world. This situation certainly gave rise to the need for preparation and implementation of an update commercial code. For this purpose, the New Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 (New TCC) entered into force on July 1, 2012. Code No. 6335, as a 50 articles revision package, entered into force in conjunction with the New TCC published in Official Gazette No. 28339, dated June 30, 2012 in order to prevent problems that might arise in practice and to facilitate adaptation of legislation before effective date of the New TCC. In this study, the radical innovations and regulations on the order of entry of commercial books and financial reporting issues under the Code No. 6102, which also includes the changes of Code No. 6335, were examined and evaluated.

70 години от създаването на Института за литература – БАН. Интервю с доц. д-р Елка Трайкова

Author(s): Maya Padeshka / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2018

A circular pool in the main courtyard of the “Hellenistic” House in Nea Paphos. Preliminary remarks

Author(s): Marcin M. Romaniuk / Language(s): English / Issue: XXVI/2017

Excavations in the main courtyard of the “Hellenistic” House in Nea Paphos in 2016, Polish excavations, revealed a small circular pool with immured tops of Dressel 6A amphorae in the wall surrounding it and a circular imprint in the middle of the floor. The paper undertakes a discussion of possible form and function, putting forward a tentative interpretation based on a study of parallels that we are dealing with an ornamental pool, a popular furnishing of wealthy Roman house gardens, functioning perhaps as a fishpond (piscina) or a tank with water constantly running in and out, with a labrum or columnar pedestal standing in the middle.

A financial performance comparison of group and non-group firms in textile sector of Pakistan

Author(s): Ishtiaq Ahmad,Syed Zaheer ABBAS KAZMI / Language(s): English / Issue: 08/2016

Pakistan is a developing economy and business groups are key players of the Pakistan’s economy. Previous research evidence shows that in the emerging economies group affiliation creates value for the firms. This study is intended to empirically investigate to know that whether group affiliated (GA) firms perform financially better than non-group affiliated firms or not? GA firms in emerging economies can have better financial performance by sharing tangible and intangible resources at group level. The financial ratio is used to compare performance of affiliated and non-group affiliated firms by using the data of 70 textile firms listed at Karachi Stock Exchange(now Pakistan Stock Exchange) covering a period from 2008 to 2012. Based on mean values of return on assets (ROA), results of the study show that GA firms have higher financial performance than non-group affiliated firms in each year and over all five years.

A genocídium fogalmának változásai

Author(s): Éva Gulyás / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2018

This study deals with the changes in the meaning of genocide during the past seven decades. It discusses the circumstances of the origin of the legal concept in the works of Raphaël Lemkin and in the international legal documents of the United Nations, and analyzes the political and social concepts of genocide explicated in the years of 1970 and 1980. From the fact that the legal provision of the 1948 Genocide Convention has not been applied in judicial decisions for decades, some experts have come to the conclusion that it should be renewed. During the past three decades, several alternative concepts were coined (such as „democide”, „politicide”, „holodomor”, etc.). These conceptual experiments, however, were not successful.

A háborús múlt nehéz terhe Horvátország és Szerbia jövője szempontjából

Author(s): Beáta Kovács / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2018

Brey, Thomas: Die Kriegsvergangenheit als schwere Bürde für die Zukunft Kroatiens und Serbiens = Südosteuropa Mitteilungen, 2017, No.4-5. 68-85.p.

A lengyel elnökség - „Európa lelkiismeret furdalása?”

Author(s): Katalin Szokolay / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A magyar nemzeti érdekek első világháború alatti érvényesítésének lehetőségei és vaskos korlátai

Author(s): Pál Pritz / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

István Tisza, along with most of the Hungarian political elite was well aware that the country would inevitably suffer damage in the war. In case of a victory, it would have to put up with even more foreign nationals, and upon defeat the empire would fall apart.After a lost war, Saint Stephen’s Hungary was inevitably doomed. However, fate could have been somewhat less tragic. For the subsequent events, the state of the civil democratic revolution of 1918 can partly be held accountable. But the main responsibility lies with István Tisza’s Hungary, and the government in power from August 1919.

A multilevel analysis of the returns to education in Ecuador. The multifaceted impact of human capital

Author(s): Mercy Raquel Orellana Bravo,Monica Raileanu Szeles,Dalia Maritza Argudo Barrera / Language(s): English / Issue: Spec/2016

This paper analyses the returns to education in Ecuador based on cross-sectional data collected by a National Survey at the individual- and canton-levels in 2005 and 2015. The multilevel analysis provides the methodological framework that allows capturing the regional peculiarities of data as well as addressing the high regional economic heterogeneity. The two level- random intercept and random slope models are used to examine the impact of individual-level and canton-level characteristics on the labour income. In subsidiary, the paper explains the proportion of variance in individual- level income that is explained by canton- level characteristics.