(Ne)legitimni revizionizam: pravo i (pseudo)istoriografske revizije na zapadu i istoku

Author(s): Vladimir P. Petrović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The contribution is analyzing the legal aspects of historiographical revisionism, in an attempt to highlight the role of the courts in delineating between legitimate historical reevaluation of the past and the denial of essential historical facts, the latter being referred to as negationsim. The experience of Western countries in combating negationism through criminalisation of various forms of denial of mass crimes or through the civil litigation is juxtaposed to the confused postotalitarian dynamics in Eastern Europe and its anarchic reception in the region of the former Yugoslavia.

Problemi sa historijom i historičarima

Author(s): Aleš Gabrič / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

The author describes the accomplishments of Slovene historians who pursue answers to open questions of twentieth-century history, drawing special attention to questions which have been the least examined in the Slovene historiography. In addition, he comments on the relationship between current political events and the historiography of Slovenia.

(Re)konstrukcija suvremene hrvatske / jugoslavenske povijesti u pregledima / sintezama nakon 1991. godine

Author(s): Damir Agičić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The author concentrates on the treatment of contemporary Croatian/Yugoslav history in several monographs, overviews, and summaries of Croatian history published over the past ten years. In addition, he completes a short re¬view of research on contemporary history included in the scientific-historical projects financed by the Republic of Croatia’s Ministry of Science, Education, and Sport. He concludes that when guided exclusively by scholarly criteria, the matrix of Croatian historiography is developing in a satisfactory manner.

“Šegrti u školi života’’ ili “čekači u životnoj čekaonici’’, detinjstvo u Federativnoj Narodnoj Republici Jugoslaviji

Author(s): Sanja Petrović Todosijević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The author describes the fate of German children who in 1946 were taken from detention camps for Germans in Vojvodina and assigned to orphanages across Yugoslavia. The case study serves as an illustrative example of the particularities of the “new” Yugoslav movement that commenced after the Second World War. The author explores the dynamic transformations that occurred in internal affairs and in the realm of gender politics.

Ponovno otkriće povijesti Nijemaca u zemljama bivše Jugoslavije – prva bilanca poslije 15 godina

Author(s): Carl Bethke / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Before the Second World War, German-speaking people, especially Austrians, were a significant national minority in Yugoslavia. After the war, about half of this community left the region. Those who remained were Germans who considered themselves to be innocent, namely the elderly, women, and children. Nevertheless, most of them were isolated in camps until 1948, where many died from the hard conditions of forced labor. For a long time, historical research on the former German minority fell on the margins of historiography. The author reviews publications, documents, and the general scholarly literature on this topic that is emerging from Germany, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia.

Siromaštvo kao odrednica privrednog razvoja u Bosni i Hercegovini (1945-1950)

Author(s): Vera Katz / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Most of the archival materials relating to the era of socialist development of Bosnia and Herzegovina are held at the Archive of Bosnia and Herzegovina. With access to these historical sources it is possible to understand the deep poverty and misery of Bosnian-Herzegovinian society after the Second World War. By consulting these sources, the author aims to complete the historical picture on this period, which is missing from the previous research in the Bosnian historiography.

Recepcija krstjana u udžbenicima SR Bosne i Hercegovine i SFRJ

Author(s): Margareta Matijević / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Textbooks that analyze sources are all, more or less, familiar with three of them: the escape of the banished heretics from the Dalmatian communes, Nemanja’s expulsion of Bogomils from Raška and the papal letter from Innocent III to the Hungarian king Emerik. These three sources were never questioned. Commonly accepted ideas include the belief that the Church of Bosnia was, among other things, widely accepted, that it catered to popular tastes and opposed Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. The authors are exceptionally insistent and unequivocal in their claims. They never say: it is believed that, it is possible that... The works are deficient, without any detailed updating of the scientific references of that time. Some authors claimed that there were neither Catholics nor Eastern Orthodox Christians in Bosnia prior to king Tvrtko’s expansion of the borders. It should be noted that there are not many illustrations or maps, and that there are reproductions, questions, pictures and portions of the old texts missing. Bosnian textbooks usually wrote more about krstjani than the Serbian ones. They divided the subject into two teaching units and first discussed the history of the Bosnian state and then the teaching, position and significance of the Church of Bosnia. Krstjani are frequently mentioned in the later period, mainly their alleged involvement in taking over the Bosnian state from the Turks, which was clearly taken from a well-known text by Nikola Modruški. Practically none of the authors mentioned or left open the possibility of religious, lithurgical or ethnic continuity of the Bosnian state territory and lateantique Christian structures. All Serbian textbooks are printed in Cyrillics. To conclude, let us say that all the textbooks until well into the eighties emphasize the social dimension of krstjani, a rather meritorious medieval proletariat meeting the expectatations of the social system of the time.

Najnoviji pogledi na Drugi svjetski rat u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Husnija Kamberović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

This work examines the criticism surrounding Rasim Hurem’s 1973 study on the NOP (National Liberation Movement) in eastern Bosnia. Kamberović argues that as a direct consequence to the controversy surrounding Hurem’s study, the Bosnian historiography on the Second World War has grown static. He notes that criticisms of Hurem’s work, which need to be understood in the broader political context of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1970s, essentially disavowed any scholarship on the Second World War that did not fit with the general narrative of the wartime victors. Afterwards, scholars lost the courage to introduce new works that provide different perspectives of the war or to address different wartime themes.

Politika kulture, ideologijsko mapiranje , zasjeci

Author(s): Biljana Kašić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The author analyzes cultural changes that took place during the socialist period in Croatia – in the context of Yugoslavia as it was at the time, especially from 1945 to 1952. In this regard, she attempted to sketch out certain questions and cultural conflicts which were operative in the ideological framework of the time, such as partymindedness, that is to say revolutionary tendencies in culture as the public characteristic of culture. Party-mindedness is demonstrated by execution of the ≪strict dictate of the party line≫; the criteria of truth and progress, or meta-aesthetic criteria, were characterized by ≪specific≫ knowledge, ideology, creativity. The purpose of party-mindedness was not only to bring ideology to its fulfillment, but its partiality was demanded, and the goal of the communist party in power was to implement its muli-layered ideology in practice, or purely in terms of intent. Often the party political principle was incompatible with totalitarian methods. The author thus relied on a few basic points of opposition within Croatian political culture and culture generally. The author looked at three paradigmatic examples: the symbolic structure of South Slav unity, the relationship to tradition, and the orientation to cultural thought in Europe, contained within the metaphorical saying ≪suspicious west≫.

Poslijeratni komunistički sustav i javno ponašanje

Author(s): Ljubomir Antić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The author directs his attention at the public behaviour of individuals and groups within the context of the totalitarian communist system of Socialist Yugoslavia. In imitation of the Soviet system, the postwar communist regime in Yugoslavia had as its goal the total control and direction of society and individuals. Proceeding uncompromisinly it killed every hope of the possibility of change. Constructing a closed society, the system did not create the opportunity for choice. From the middle of 1945, those who did not accept a totalitarian Yugoslavian government as their own, in order to survive, had to adapt. The most common form was to act under false pretenses: individuals kept their own convictions to themselves, but out of oportunism they presented themselves in public according to the demands of the ≪new times.≫ The new situation was especially reflected in family life. Double upbringing: private at home and public in kindergarten and school, was a common occurence in this era. Religion, but also spirituality in general, were relegated to family and church (sacristy). Artists were especially challenged to conform to the official style – socialist realism. Public manners and style came under the powerful influence of the ruling ideology. Official unidimensional reality fell upon human spirits like a uniform grayness. People lived in the same gray apartment blocks in identical apartments. The village too had to accept on uniformity. In creating the new man, weak as he was, the citizen had to surrender to the subject, and the integral person to the homo duplex, or the man without a chest.

Politika komunističkog režima u Jugoslaviji prema vjerskim zajednicama 1945. godine

Author(s): Miroslav Akmadža / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

During 1945 important changes in the status o religious communities occurred, first in the territories under Partisan control, and after the conclusion of the war, in the whole territory of the newly established communist state of Yugoslavia. Compared to the previous regime, the policy of the communist government toward religious communities changed in important ways, which resulted in distrust among religious communities toward the new leadership. Fear of the new regime’s policies as far as religion and religious communities were concerned was quickly realized, as it set about making a harsh account of the leaders of the most numerous religious communities, along with the clergy in general.

Uloga muzičkog folklora u spoljnoj politici Socijalističke Jugoslavije 1950–1952.

Author(s): Ivan S. Hofman / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The conflict with Cominform in 1948 was a turning point in the history of socialist Yugoslavia. In complete isolation and difficult economic crisis, after initial vacillation and desire to prove its Stalinist orthodoxy Yugoslavia has started to seek new ways in the development of socialism, on the basis of its own revolutionary experience. On the foreign policy plan, its diplomatic activity was aimed toward restoration of previously severed ties with the West, in an effort to get necessary aid from this side and thus free itself from the heavy pressure of the USSR and its satellites. Musical folklore got its place in the new foreign-policy orientation of Yugoslavia. In the 1950–1952 period the Government of the FPRY sent leading professional and certain amateur folklore groups to competitions and tours in the West lasting several weeks, and in September 1951 organized an international congress of ethnomusicologists in Opatija. The government of the FPRY regarded tours of folklore ensembles and the international congress as one of the means to overcome isolation of the country, as well as a way to present Yugoslavia as a new leader of international labour movement, after the Soviet communists, as it was believed, betrayed fundamental principles of Marxism and international proletarian solidarity.

Az első világháború következményei a kelet-közép-európai kisállamok geopolitikai sorsában

Author(s): Imre Garaczi / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

From the beginning of the 19th century, the newly emerging nationalistic sentiments characteristically took the guise of some ideology (other than nationalism). People belonging to small ethnic groups felt their authentic national existence threatened by the frequent recurrence of dynastic hegemonies on the one hand, and the interests of neighbouring nations on the other. At the same time, nationalism provided fuel for courage to face the future and possibly build a more fortunate and more modern society. Nationalistic sentiments were in the beginning tied to various other ideologies but from the start of the 20th century they became ideologies in their own right. This phenomenon continued to exist in Eastern Europe after World War II, even under Soviet dominance. In my paper I examine mental factors in the region and their effects on the situation that emerged throughout the 20th century.

Kivándorlások J. Győri László Frank Tiborral beszélget könyvéről

Author(s): László J. Győri,Tibor Frank / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Három az egyben: hősi halott, áldozat, felelős

Author(s): András Gerő / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Közel–Kelet–tanulmányok és a nemzetközi kapcsolatok elméletei

Author(s): László Kiss J. / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Леврентий Павлович Бериа - технократ и реформатор

Author(s): Boiko Belegov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Joseph Stalin died on 05.03.1953. The lack of legitimate mechanisms for the transfer of power caused a continuous crisis related to a heated struggle for his heritage. The fate of the country fell into the hands of the people who were Stalin's closest associates. The most powerful positions were held by G. Malenkov, L. Beria and Nikita Khrushchev. Having abundant information about the situation in the country and heading the Interior Ministry of the USSR, Beria concentrated enormous power in his hands. He, however, had no intention of fighting any of Stalin's "heirs". Beria realized that the established collective leadership, in which there was a certain system of equality, was the most favourable for the implementation of the reforms he had devised. The new documents published from the declassified archives reveal that he became actively involved in both domestic and foreign policy. Beria's reformist activity was doomed from the very beginning. His activity and unpredictability at the solution of the tasks set forth made him a deadly dangerous competition in the eyes of Malenkov, Khrushchev and the other loyal associates of Stalin. The factor that united them was the fear of the "man with the pince-nez". He knew too much about them. The practice from previous years showed them that the most convenient way in which they could dispose of the dangerous adversary was his complete discreditation before the party and the people, and his physical removal.

Nyitott vagy zárt társadalom. Fordulatok a 20. század első felében

Author(s): István Feitl / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

A világháborútól a világválságig

Author(s): Béla Háda / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

A zulu és kosza dicsérő ének (izibongo/iibongo) tegnap és ma

Author(s): Szilárd Biernaczky / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0