Zjednodušený – inštitucionálny pohľad na Martinskú deklaráciu

Author(s): Étienne Boisserie / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Popri zmenách režimov, poprípade štátoprávneho usporiadania, vznikajú aj tzv. studené chronologické medzníky. Tento klasický prístup vytyčuje pevné orientačné body a rozdeľuje minulosť na viac-menej stabilné úseky. Niektoré medzníky však nemožno chápať len týmto spôsobom, ale skôr ako rozhrania, pri ktorých nie je ľahké určiť počiatok a koniec. Zatiaľ čo samotná prvá svetová vojna – pokiaľ ide o vojenské operácie, je rámcovaná začiatkom a ukončením bojov, tento časový úsek sa nevzťahuje na krajiny, ktoré do vojny vstúpili neskôr, alebo z nej vystúpili predčasne. Isté pochybnosti môžu nastať aj ohľadom jej konca, ktorý bol z politických či diplomatických dôvodov oneskorený. Aj samotný rok 1918 nesie v sebe odlišnú symbolickú a historickú váhu, ktorú je v mnohých ohľadoch ťažké izolovať. Zdá sa, že obdobie rokov 1914 – 1918 a rok 1918 predstavovali dlho etapu, ku ktorej bolo chúlostivé pristupovať z chronologického hľadiska. Nevedelo sa, či ich zaradiť do uhorského alebo československého rámca. Z tohto dôvodu sa k nim niekedy pristupuje aj ako k osobitým obdobiam.

Trianon v historickej pamäti na Slovensku

Author(s): Štefan Šutaj / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Niet pochybnosti o tom, že Trianonská mierová zmluva a Trianon ako symboly najzásadnejšej zmeny usporiadania strednej Európy sú historickou udalosťou, ktorá ovplyvnila nielen tento región, ale aj historické vedomie obyvateľov. Od podpísania mierovej zmluvy sa svet zmenil a z Trianonu sa stal symbol. Bez ohľadu na očakávania, koncepcie, konštrukcie a predstavy, súčasný vývoj Európy, Slovenska i Maďarska, otvára nové možnosti pre usporiadanie vzájomných vzťahov, ale v nových formách a na nových princípoch, nie na návrate k ideám a usporiadaniu 19. storočia.

„Pre rodné mesto žil, pre národ pracoval.“ Pomník Jánosa Tubu ako možné miesto pamäti maďarskej komunity

Author(s): József Demmel,Miroslav Michela / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Predložená kapitola je naším pokusom vytvoriť spoločné dielo a zároveň vstúpiť do diskusie o potrebe a možnostiach intenzívnejšieho dialógu historikov zo Slovenska a z Maďarska. Rozhodli sme sa napísať dielo, ktoré nebude sledovať ešte stále aktuálnu prax vytvárania paralelných príbehov „slovenských“ a „maďarských“ dejín, ktoré sú zároveň odrazom nedostatočnej komunikácie medzi odborníkmi a presadzovania nacionalistických interpretácií dejín v oboch krajinách. Prostredníctvom príbehu inštalácie náhrobného kameňa chceme analyzovať refl exiu zániku monarchie v práve sa formujúcom maďarskom menšinovom diskurze. Snažíme sa zachytiť úlohu tzv. spoločenských aktérov, resp. kultúrnych inštitúcií a rituálov, v procese konštruovania a distribúcie kultúrnych reprezentácií.

Disintegration of the Kingdom of Hungary and the Treaty of Trianon. Politics of memory in Slovakia and Hungary

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As the title indicates, the team of contributors, consisting of Hungarian and Slovak authors, does not focus primarily on the historical events of 1918-1920 in Central Europe (i.e. the breaking up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the disintegration of the Hungarian Kingdom, the formation of Czechoslovakia, the peace conference and the making of the Trianon Peace Treaty). Political history in the traditional sense is not the focus here; rather, the authors are interested in the narratives which were told of those events in the subsequent 90 years, their existence and impact in various social contexts. Each chapter observes a different area of the institutionalised social sphere, wherein the discourse on the mentioned historical period was present in one way or another. The authors focus on four domains of social production / reproduction and instrumentation of historical knowledge: professional history writing; official history curriculum; political discourses and the utilisation of history in public discourses, as well as the symbolic/ social representation of the events around ‘Trianon’ in public spaces.

K pôsobeniu agrárneho politického hnutia na Slovensku v rokoch 1918 – 1938

Author(s): Natália Krajčovičová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Pri vzniku slovenského agrárneho politického hnutia sa rozhodovalo nielen o konštituovaní agrárnej strany na Slovensku a jej ďalšom politickom osude, ale vzhľadom na jej význam na slovenskej i československej politickej scéne aj o smerovaní celého politického vývoja v medzivojnovom období a jeho neblahom vyústení v roku 1938.

Wacław Lipiński (1896–1949) – niezwykły łodzianin. Służba, praca i ofiara dla niepodległej Polski

Author(s): Krzysztof Lesiakowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Leopold Skulski (1877–1940) – „Negocjator łódzkiej niepodległości” i premier polskiego rządu

Author(s): Przemysław Waingertner / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Roman Starzyński (1890–1938) – działacz niepodległościowy, żołnierz i polityk

Author(s): Witold Jarno / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Seweryn Leopold Sterling (1864–1932) – „uzdrowiciel Ziemi Obiecanej”

Author(s): Przemysław Waingertner / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Приступ етнолошком проучавању Cрба у Бањалуци крајем XIX и почетком XX века (1878-1918)

Author(s): Miroslav Niškanović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The subject-matter of this research work is the Serbian citizenry in Banjaluka at the end o f the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th cc., or, more exactly, the Serbs who were town inhabitants during the Austro-Hungarian rule of Bosnia-Hercegovina (1878-1918). The goal of the research work is to acquire an all-embracing insight into the existence and culture of the Serbs in Banjaluka and thereby supplement ethnologic understanding of the Serbian civil society of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the time of transition processes. The research focus is threefold: 1) The origin of families, the migratory movements, 2) The social structure of the Serb national community in Banjaluka, 3) The cultural structure in pursuance of two models: patriarchal and central-European. The research work has draw n on written sources (registers of births, marriages and deaths, land-property registers, legacies of individual families), verbal sources (evidence of Banjaluka Serbs), relevant literature, press, works of fiction, visual sources (photographs, portrait paintings).

Први светски рат као граница две епохе

Author(s): Konstantin Nikiforov / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Considering the chronological framework of modern times and the so-called “long 19th century” with reference to the Balkans, the author comes to the conclusion that, for the Balkans, the 19th century was actually “short” and fit into 36 years - the period between the Congress of Berlin in 1878 and the beginning of World War I in 1914. History allotted quite a short period for the Balkans to pass their way back to Europe, from gaining independence to the “Europeanization” of all life aspects. Being very important for the history of the Balkans, this period has attracted the researchers’ interest and has led to the appearance of numerous scientific works devoted to this period.

Српски добровољци у Русији 1916–1917. године

Author(s): Yaroslav Vishnyakov / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

On the basis of little-known documents of the Russian State Military–Historical Archive, the author reveals the nuances of establishing the Serbian Volunteer Corps in 1916, and discloses the circumstances of the ethnic conflict within this corps. The article shows that “the ticking Serbo-Croatian bomb” exploded for the first time in 1916, though it seemed crucial to consolidate the efforts of two nations in armed struggle against the common enemy for the purpose of creating a “common” state. The article emphasizes that the relations between the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes within the volunteer corps, as an example of the microcosm, perfectly illustrate the predetermination of the future dramatic destiny of the Yugoslavian state and its army, doomed to collapse from the very outset, even before its official registration.

Фебруарска револуција 1917. у очима Краљевине Србије

Author(s): Aleksej J. Timofejev / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The article analyses the Serbian-Russian official relations on the eve and immediately after the February Revolution of 1917 on the basis of studying archival data and taking into account the Serbian and Russian historiography. Particular attention is paid to the attitude of Serbian official representatives in Russia to Tsar Nicholas II, on the eve and just after his overthrow. The aim of the article was to study the attitude of the Serbian elite and the Serbian state towards the February revolution in Russia in 1917.

Делатност М. П. Чубинског и В. Д. Плетњова у Петрограду везана за уједињење словенских народа Балкана

Author(s): Aleksej Arsenjev,Michael Ordovsky / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

In Russian and international circles, two lawyers, professors at Saint-Petersburg University – Michael Pavlovich Tchubinskij (1871 – 1943) and Vladimir Dmitrievich Pletnev (1878 – 1954), who emigrated to Belgrade in 1920, gave certain contribution to the later realization of the “Yugoslav principle of uniting”. In 1912, “Slavic Committee” in Petrograd (founded in 1909) was transformed into “Association of Slavic Scientific Society”, which in 1913, because of the war in the Balkans turned to politics. Their activities were met with immediate condemnation of the Government. Then, another “group of progressive scientists, professors and public workers interested in Slavic questions” was formed. Professor M. Tchubinskij was a regular chairman at these meetings. Both M. Tchubinskij and V. Pletnev published their texts in “Interests in Balkans and Government Report” collections of articles (1913). Prof. M. Tchubinskij’s report titled “History of Serbo-Croatian Relations and Intended Union” was published in “Collection of Articles Proceeding Dedicated to A. Shakhmatov” (1916). Yugoslav Committee reissued it in French (“L’Union serbo-croate”, Paris, 1917). For this work, prof. Tchubinskij was awarded St. Sava decoration of the 3rd order by H.R.H. Crown Prince – Regent of the Kingdom of Serbia.

Фебруарска револуција 1917. у Русији, Никола Пашић и Крфска декларација

Author(s): Andrey L. Shemyakin / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The adoption of the joint declaration of the Government of the Kingdom of Serbia and the Yugoslav Committee in Corfu in July 1917 is closely related to the February revolution in Russia which strongly influenced the policy changes between the coalitions of the powers in spring and summer of 1917. These changes also created favourable conditions for declaration signing, the most significant being: the collapse of the tsarist regime, which had supported Serbia; the need to review the war objectives, taking into account the possible peace negotiations (the Sixtus Affair); relative liberalization in Cisleithania after the death of Franz Josef (in November 1916) and the adoption of the “trialistic” May Declaration (1917); instability of the general military situation with the tendency to deteriorate for the Entente. When drafting the text of the declaration, Nikola Pašić took all these facts into account. So, we can say that the Corfu Declaration was a forced document, as well as the Nish Declaration (December 1914) which appeared earlier and was also motivated only by the utilitarian causes.

Ethno-Demographic Situation of the Population in Kosovo and Metohija in the Beginning of the 20th Century

Author(s): Tamara Lukić,Nevena Ćurčić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article is focused on the region of Kosovo and Metohija in the beginning of the 20th century, or the time until the beginning of the Balkan wars, when most of this region still belonged to the Ottoman Empire. In addition to Kosovo and Metohija, Kosovo villayet included Sanjak (south-western part of central Serbia), the Preševo Valley, the north-eastern part of Montenegro, northern part of Albania and north-western part of Macedonia. The task of this paper is to using the existing population data show by now far less known facts about the changes in the number of population and quality of life under the Ottoman rule. Emphasis is placed on the ethnic transformation of population, which proved to be a very important process which affected the historical development of population of Kosovo and Metohija in general. Special attention is dedicated to the written traces of interethnic relations and relations with Turkish authorities. Work results were obtained through literature sources, using analytic and synthetic methods, and comparing. with this article the knowledge of the processes in the Balkans has been enriched.

Velika Srbija

Author(s): Krsto Cicvarić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Dok su hrvatski rodoljubi, – s malim izuzetkom, – smatrali da se Velika Hrvatska može ostvariti samo u okviru Austrije, dotle su srpski političari, – gotovo bez izuzetaka, – verovali da se Velika Srbija može stvoriti samo po cenu raspada Austrougarske. Otuda sukob između Srba i Hrvata u pitanju Aneksije: dok su Srbi Aneksiju shvatili kao jedan poraz svoje nacionalne ideje, kao udar za Srpstvo i celo Slovenstvo, dotle su Hrvati ovaj čin austrougarske diplomatije glorifikovali kao jedan uspeh hrvatske nacionalne ideje, kao jedan korak ka ostvarenju Velike Hrvatske, i kao takav, vrlo koristan i sa opšteslovenskog gledišta, pa da bi za Aneksiju pridobio samu Rusiju, tadašnji hrvatski nacionalni ideolog Stjepan Radić otputovao je u Petrograd (posetio je i Moskvu), gde je pokušao da, u smislu svoje aneksionističke ideologije, utiče na rusko javno mnjenje (koje je bilo odlučno protivno Aneksiji).

Tracing Deep Scars of 1915 in Art and Literature

Author(s): Esin Gülsen,Erdem Çolak,Selen Yamak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Regardless of whether we call it genocide, massacre, exile or deportation, events experienced in Ottoman lands in 1915 cost countless lives, forced millions of Armenian people to leave their lands and left deep marks on next generations. In the 100th anniversary of 1915 events, it is impossible to say that Turkey has made a considerable way in terms of coming to terms with 1915 events.

What Exile Brings Along: Signs of Migration and Exile in the Novels Yezidin Kızı, Sürgün and Nilgün

Author(s): Yakup Çelik / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Migration and exile are human tragedies that cannot be characterized. Since the beginning of time, the world is the scene of these tragedies. Migration is a mostly conscious, sometimes forced movement to a new life which aims to have better life conditions and styles. However exile is leaving a habitual, accepted life style usually under pressure and being sent away by force. Migration sometimes involves free will and desire; people are ready to a transition. However in exile, enforcement stands in the forefront; everything happens out of free will. In migration, there is a target to a better life or at least there is hope. On the other hand in exile, there is moving away of experiences, there is hopelessness and resentment. In author’s life, there were two exile periods after 1910. The first one was between 1913-1918 The second period was between 1922-1938. (For further info, see: Aktaş, 2014). The novels telling the tragedies of young girls are the products of the second period.

Listy od znajomych ze Lwowa

Author(s): Radość Gansiniec,Krzysztof Królczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The publication contains voluminous correspondence from the years 1946−1948 between professor Ryszard Gansiniec and his wife, Zofia Gansiniec, who was at the start of her academic career in post-war Poland. The book contains numerous letters, which professor Gansiniec and his wife received in Wrocław from their friends, acquaintances, former and present colleagues and former students.