Az első világháború kitörése és az osztrák–magyar Albánia-projekt

Author(s): Ferenc Pollmann / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2014

During its half-century-long existence, Austria-Hungary's diplomacy always paid special attention to the Balkans. With a little exaggeration, we could argue that Austro-Hungarian foreign policy was more or less a Balkan policy, inasmuch as the foreign affairs of the empire almost always bore some relevance – at least indirectly – to the Balkans. From the last two decades of the 19th century, this policy towards the Balkans was showing an ever growing interest in the Albanian question. A plan to create a nominally independent Albania, which in reality would have been under Austro-Hungarian influence, was among the long-term foreign policy goals of the Monarchy since 1906, after Aehrenthal had taken office, but it was only during the Balkan Wars that it became manifest. The Albanian state that emerged in 1913 was only partly in accordance with the Austro-Hungarian plans. Taking advantage of the fact the Monarchy's military was busy elsewhere, its greatest rival, Italy, which remained neutral in the First World War that broke out in the summer of 1914, did secure important positions in Southern Albania. The mere preservation of the neutrality of Italy demanded great sacrifices from Austria-Hungary, therefore the government in Vienna was bound to acquiesce in temporarily giving up its plans related to the Western Balkans. Russia's entering the war on the side of the Entente as well as the end of the Triple Alliance gave more leeway to the Monarchy's foreign policy. After the successful campaign against Serbia in 1915, realizing the Austro-Hungarian Albania project was within reach again. However, soon it turned out that the Monarchy was unable to defend its interest against both Italy, which had become an enemy in the meantime, and its own German and Bulgarian allies.

Informații documentar-istorice referitoare la desăvîrșirea unității naționale aflate în fondul de arhivă "Comitetul de asistență al Crucii Roșii române de la Paris (1916-1918)

Author(s): Lidia Mihăilescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 7/1983

The activity developed by the Committee of Assistance to the Romanian Red Cross in Paris (1916-1918), which was created immediately after Romania's entry into the war alongside the Entente, followed not only the fulfillment of Noble duty - the aid of the Romanian prisoners with money, food and clothing - but was also an admirable means of collaboration between the Romanian and French intellectuals who supported the realization of the proposed program.The Assistance Committee organized in Paris and in other cities conferences, shows, concerts, exhibitions of popular art and Romanian architecture which had the favorable support of French officials. Particularly valuable assistance was obtained from the renowned periodicals such as "Le Figaro", "La Revue des deux mondes", etc

Katonai temetők Kelet-Magyarország külső hadműveleti területein 1914-1915-ben

Author(s): Ádám Suslik / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2018

The human loss of the multinational Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in World War I is estimated for millions. But only one third of the dead, wounded and the prisoners of war can be directly linked to the fronts. Many died behind the frontlines or suffered and died in hospitals established in the hinterland. As a result of the Russian invasion, several counties of Eastern Hungary became operational areas between 1914 and 1915, and immediately after the fights ended, the identification of the dead and the burials began. Meanwhile the wounded continued to arrive from Galicia and Bukovina, who were in the first round placed in the towns of Mukachevo and Uzhhorod. Several thousand soldiers found their final resting place on the passes of the Carpathian Mountains and in military cemeteries created by the city hospitals. This study focuses on the establishment and the number of these cemeteries, as well as on the analysis of measures taken in connection with them.

Осигуряването на храни за съглашенските войски на солунския фронт през Първата световна война

Author(s): Stefan Minkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 12/2012

In the years of WWI the belligerent states faced the problem of supplying the troops in the rear. The paper deals both with the main ways in which the Entente troops on the Mac-edonian front provide themselves with food and the structure of the Entente provision for the rear. The Entente domination in the Mediterranean region and the organization of the provision, especially its decentralization, helped for the regular supplies of food for the army as well as for its good quality. This situation changed after the break-through at Dobro Pole in September 1918, when the commissariat supply for the troops deteriorated. However, within a few months the provision of food improved again as the resources of the occupied countries were used.

Egy sosemvolt baloldal gyökerei

Author(s): Gergely Romsics / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1-2/2017

Csunderlik Péter: Radikálisok, szabadgondolkodók, ateisták. A Galilei Kör története (1908–1919) Napvilág, Budapest, 2017., 400 oldal, 3900 Ft

Camera obscura

Author(s): Gábor Egry / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2018

Tamás Ágnes: Propagandakarikatúrák ellenségképei Szarajevótól Párizsig. Kalligram, Budapest, 2017. 341 oldal

A magyar békedelegáció VIII. számú jegyzéke. Az erdélyi kérdésről (részlet)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 12/2018

Metamorphosis Transsylvaniae (III.). Márki Sándor naplója az impériumváltásról

Author(s): Ádám Erdész / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 12/2018

Impériumváltás történelmi háttérrel

Author(s): Béni L. Balogh / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 12/2018

Romsics Ignác: Erdély elvesztése, 1918–1947. Helikon Kiadó, [Bp.] 2018.

Kelet-európai nemzetiségi mozaik

Author(s): Szabolcs Pataki / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 12/2018

Lucian Boia: În jurul Marii Uniri de la 1918. Naþiuni, frontiere, minoritãþi (Az 1918-as nagy egyesülés. Nemzetek, határok, kisebbségek) Humanitas Kiadó, Buk., 2017.

Doğu Anadolu’daki Ermeni Faaliyetleri (1914-1918)

Author(s): Marziye Memmedli,Samire Memmedli / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2018

Until the 19th century, the Armenian population within the borders of the Ottoman Empire, continued to exist in peace under Turkish rule. Since the second half of the 19thcentury had emerged artificial international issue under the name of the Armenian question. This study shows the activities of Armenians in Eastern Anatolia as a whole1914-1918. It is extremely important to investigate the historical development of Armenian activities in a multifaceted way in order to better understand that the Armenian problem, which is one of the most important issues of Turkey’s foreign policy, was put forward as a result of relations of interests.

A livóniai német elit utóvédharca történelmi jogaiért a 20. század elején

Author(s): Sándor Komáromi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2-3/2018

Pistohlkors, Gert von: ”Restituierung der alten Zustände” oder zukunftsweisende Neuerungen? Schulbildung und der soziale Aufstieg von Esten und Letten vornehmlich in Livland im kontroversen öffentlichen Diskurs (1860 bis 1914). = Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung. 67. 2018. 1. sz. 32–66. p.

Ahogy egy amerikai látta a forradalmi Magyarországot 1919-ben

Author(s): Zoltán Peterecz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2019

The article introduces a diary from 1919 written by Nicholas Roosevelt, journalist and diplomat, who served during the Paris Peace Conference as a member of the Coolidge Mission, which had Vienna as its seat and gathered information about Austria and the other countries in the neighborhood. Based upon his experiences and the diary entries that he wrote, we are face to face with original, firsthand observations about the immediate postwar situation in Central Europe. By accident, Roosevelt was in Budapest when the Hungarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed in March 1919, which adds to the suspense and drama. The language of the diary is interesting, not difficult to read, and often humorous, although sometimes politically not correct in the twenty-first-century sense, as it contains anti-Semitic opinion, and sentiments of American superiority toward Central and Eastern European peoples. However, it gives many a sharp characterization about leading figures of the era, since basically everybody that mattered is men-tioned in one way or another on the pages, from Colonel House to Michael Károlyi, from President Wilson to Pál Teleki. The diary is an important though small addition to our collective knowledge of these months – through the eyes of an American officer.

ЏОН РОЛ, ПУТ У САРАЈЕВО. КАЈЗЕР ВИЛХЕЛМ II И УЗРОЦИ ПРВОГ СВЕТСКОГ РАТА, БЕОГРАД: CLIO, МЕДИЈА ЦЕНТАР „ОДБРАНА”, 2016, СА ЕНГЛЕСКОГ ПРЕВЕО ВЕЉКО СТАНИЋ

Author(s): Mihael Antonović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2017

ДОБРОВОЉЦИ У ВЕЛИКОМ РАТУ 1914–1918, ЗБОРНИК РАДОВА (УР. СРЂАН РУДИЋ, ДАЛИБОР ДЕНДА И ЂОРЂЕ ЂУРИЋ), ИСТOРИЈСКИ ИНСТИТУТ, ИНСТИТУТ ЗА СТРАТЕГИЈСКА ИСТРАЖИВАЊА, МАТИЦА СРПСКА, БЕОГРАД 2018, 462 СТР.

Author(s): Tatjana Milošević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2018

THE GREAT WAR IN 1915 (ED. BY DALIBOR DENDA AND MARIO CHRISTIAN ORTNER), INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC RESEARCH AND AUSTRIAN MILITARY MUSEUM, BELGRADE, VIENNA, 2017, P. 364

Author(s): Tatjana Milošević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2018

A barna táska. Egy hadifogoly naplója és levelezése 1914–1918

Author(s): Áron Bakos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

A barna táska. Egy hadifogoly naplója és levelezése 1914–1918. Válogatta és közreadja: Kornis Anna és Takács Ferenc. Noran Libro, Budapest, 2015.

Volt egyszer a Monarchia... – Éljen sokáig a Brit Birodalom! Az etnikai világosság brit bajnokai és nacionalizmusuk ellentmondásai

Author(s): Ágnes Beretzky / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 09/2019

The earliest and most devoted British supporters of the nationalities were historian Robert William Seton-Watson and Vienna correspondent of The Times, Henry Wickham Steed. In October 1916 these gentlemen founded the Serbian Society of Great Britain to promote the cause of the unified Yugoslav state, and Lord Evelyn Cromer, the former consul general of Egypt was appointed as honorary president. October 1916 could also witness the first issues of a weekly, The New Europe which championed the rights of nationalities founded by again SetonWatson, Steed and former secretary of Churchill, Sir Alexander Whyte. The paper's aim is not to elaborate on the gradual success of Czech or CroatSerb propaganda. It sets out to investigate instead the ambivalent nationalisms of its four British supporters: the relationship between their apparent liberalism as champions of European small nations and their attitudes to nationalism or nation building as citizens or officers of a vast colonial power. The paper will discuss how different standards are applied to Austria-Hungary and the British Empire to harmonize contradictory loyalties.

Legăturile lui Teodor Botiș cu familia Mocioni

Author(s): Sebastian-Dragos Bunghez / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 58/2019

Teodor Botiş was noted as an important personality of Arad culture in the first half of the 20th century. As a historian, some of his works have received awards from the Romanian Academy. He began his work as a pedagogue for Eugen Mocioni’s children and became a close friend of the Mocioni family, with whom he had been in touch for all his life. For three decades he has participated in the most important events that took place at the Mocioni Castle in Căpâlnăş, being with this family in the most beautiful moments, but also in the most difficult ones. For instance, in 1915, the intellectual of Arad was with the Mocioni family, grieved at the death of Petru Mocioni on the Galician front, and in 1930 and 1934 attended the funeral of two other members of the family, Ionel Mocioni and Terezia de Mocioni. Deeply marked by the drama of the family, but also impressed by the role played by this in the history of the Romanians from Banat and Transylvania, Teodor Botiş began to write a series of articles evoking the work of the members of the Mocioni family. Having access to the family archive,the historian from Arad also wrote the Monograph of the Mocioni family, a work published in 1939 in Bucharest and appreciated by the personalities of the time.

ROMÂNI BUCOVINENI REFUGIAȚI ÎN ROMÂNIA ÎN TIMPUL PRIMULUI RĂZBOI MONDIAL ÎN DOCUMENTE AUSTRIECE

Author(s): Ligia-Maria Fodor / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2019

The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 had profound implications for Bukovina, one of the provinces of the Habsburg Empire. During the first international conflagration, when the national movement was booming, the Bukovinian Romanians continued to assert their identity and fought for their ideal: the union of Bukovina with the Kingdom of Romania. In this context, many Bukovinian Romanians (teachers, bankers and postal workers, doctors, engineers, priests, judges, lawyers, notaries, sellers, carpenters, students and secondary school pupils) fled to Romania with the hope of a better living. There they disputed the Habsburg monarchy's governance policy, they publicized its negative repercussions on the Romanians and expressed their views on the union. As a result, the authorities in Bukovina decided to terminate the working relationship for refugees in Romania, to suspend remunerations and pensions, and even to prosecute the refugees for high treason.