МИХАЈЛО ДИМИЋ И ДРАМА „НАЦИОНАЛНЕ ХЕРОИКЕ”
Испитујући позоришну биографију Михаила Димића, долазимо до података да је припадао типу старог путујућег глумца ‒ редитеља ‒ управника – драмског писца.
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Испитујући позоришну биографију Михаила Димића, долазимо до података да је припадао типу старог путујућег глумца ‒ редитеља ‒ управника – драмског писца.
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Throughout the 19th century there were no ophthalmologists among the medical practitioners in Split, and continuous specialist ophthalmology service was non-existent. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries there was an occasional visit by ophthalmologists who would arrive to Split for a few days, most often from the Italian town of Trieste. The first permanent, official ophthalmologist who worked in Split in the City Hospital was Dr. Erwin Treu (1875 ‒ 1937), who was from the Austrian Tyrol region. In 1902 he became head of the ophthalmology service in the City Hospital, but he also provided his services privately. He performed most of the work, treatments, and surgeries known to ophthalmologists of the day. However, he did not establish a department in the classic sense, because his patients were mixed with other patients in the hospital and he did not have access to a steady number of hospital beds, so he used surgical beds instead. Dr Juraj Ćurin (1887 ‒ 1947) started to work in the City Hospital in Split on September 1, 1921, and this is considered as the official date of the establishment of the Department of Ophthalmology in Split. The Department of Ophthalmology of the City Hospital in Split was located on the first floor of the hospital, and at first it had two patient rooms and one small office room shared by the oculist and otorhinolaryngologist up until 1946. In the year 1923 82% of the hospitalized ophthalmological patients came from the present-day Split-Dalmatia County, while the remaining 18% came from outside the County. According to surgery records of the City Hospital in 1928, Dr. Ćurin performed 105 surgeries of the following types: cataract, glaucoma, eye injury, convergent and divergent strabismus, epithelioma of the eyelid, extirpation of the lacrimal sac in cases of dacryocystitis, pterygium, eyelid plastic surgery, enucleation, orbital exenteration, puncture of the anterior chamber of the eye, optical iridectomy, etc. The operating theater was located on the first floor in the southwestern wing of the hospital, and was used for other surgical procedures as well.
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A Portrait of an Austrian Officer, completed in 1852, is part of the collection of paintings in the estate of the renowned painter Mirko Rački. Today it is the property of the Association of the People of Poljica Principality and is kept in the municipal council building in the town of Podstrana near Split. Rački died in Split in 1982. Under various circumstances, some of the paintings from his collection became part of Dalmatia’s artistic heritage. Rački’s valuable painting collection significantly decreased in the period from his relocation from Zagreb to Split in 1975 and following the death of his wife Smiljka in 1988 in Belgrade. This paper discusses the history of Mirko Rački’s painting collection, until the year 1989 when probate proceedings took place in order to divide his estate. In 1986 Smiljka Rački donated her late husband’s collection of paintings to the Association of the People of Poljica Principality. A Portrait of an Austrian Officer was part of that collection. Analysis of the painter’s signature led the paper’s author to identify the painter as Karl Nagel, an Austrian portrait painter who was active in the mid-19th century in Linz and Vienna. Based on the writings on the stretcher, archival and genealogical sources, as well as an analysis of the portrayed officer’s uniform (in cooperation with an expert in Austrian military history), the author concludes that this painting depicts Joseph Nitsche, grandfather of Mirko Rački’s first wife Lina Schwaab von Wildenfried. In 1850, Joseph Nitsche gained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the 3rd Artillery Regiment of the Austrian Imperial Army. Shortly afterwards he left military service, and two years later he commissioned his own portrait in the uniform of the artillery Lieutenant Colonel. This is that very same painting now owned by the Association of the People of Poljica Principality. Although A Portrait of an Austrian Officer from the said collection belongs to the Austrian cultural and artistic milieu, its analysis gives us additional insight into the life and work of Mirko Rački, revealing details about his cosmopolitan life, especially the last few years of his life in Split.
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he article covers the sound organization of Ivan Franko’s poetic works from the collection “Iz dniv zhurby” (“From the Days of Sorrow”, 1900). The aim of the article is to determine the functional features of assonances and alliterations in poetic language. Combined philological analysis of Franko’s poetic language phonics was carried out in the article. As well as statistical calculations, hermeneutic and comparative approaches were applied to the poet’s sound organization research. Scientific novelty. It was established that alliterations and assonances result from increased frequency of similar sounds in the poetic text and function as stylistic devices as well as expressive and suggestive means of language. Conclusion: the sound repetitions in Ivan Franko’s collection “From the Days of Sorrow” emphasize stylistic implications, strengthen expressiveness and depict the emotional state of the lyrical hero. Ivan Yakovych Franko (August 27, 1856, Nahuievychi village – May 28, 1916, Lviv) was an outstanding Ukrainian writer, poet, publicist, interpreter, scientist, social and political activist. His creative contributions were written in Ukrainian (most texts), Polish, German, Russian, Bulgarian, and Check languages and count as many as 100 volumes. During his life, Ivan Franko has published more than 220 scientific works, including more than 60 collections of his original and translated works of different genres. “Iz dniv zhurby” (“From the Days of Sorrow”) is a collection of Ivan Franko’s poetic works that was published in 1900. The collection conveys a sophisticated emotional experience of the author that stems from hardships in the embodiment of conceptualized civilian program and excruciating peripeteia in his personal life
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The purpose of the article is to carrying out a paleographic description and identifying characteristic features in the formation of ABC interpretations in the XVIII-XIX centuries. The methodology includes system analysis, which contributed to the comprehension of handwritten singing alphabet interpretations. To determine the temporal and quantitative characteristics of the studied material, statistical, and chronological methods are used. The scientific novelty lies in the interpretation of simple, composed neume signs formed in groups in the direction of movement of the melody and rhythm. Conclusions. Paleographic analysis of the ABC of singing f. 301, No. 638 p, allowed to identify certain patterns, to find common features and differences with other handwritten ABCs. It is determined from the XVIII to the beginning of the XIX century. song alphabets have not only a list of neume but also their interpretation and division of neume signs into groups in the direction of movement of the melody and rhythm. As a result of the analysis of manuscript collections, it was established that the filling with alphabet of insignificant characters, both in the 16th century and in subsequent centuries, occurred in accordance with their use during singing practice. As a rule, those signs that were considered the most important in the performance of church hymns were introduced into the alphabet. During the study, five groups of neume signs located at the end of the song alphabet were analyzed. Their characteristic features are determined: sound hundreds are established, the number of sounds, and the melodic orientation of neume signs.
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The Purpose given studies is a generalizations material comparatively to timbre expressiveness of vocal dramatic soprano in his history genesis from Rossini "made" soprano and in analogies to kind of role of the heroines of the dramatic theatre, as well as analysis to parties lick from "Peak Lady" of P.Chaikovskij as fullnesses of the entailment expressiveness dramatic soprano in his derivative quality from "Rossini perfection" of soprano expressiveness. The methodological base of the work is intonation approach of the school B.Asafiev in Ukraine with inherent him linguistics-culturology aspect of the interpretation musicology method, with handhold on analyst-structured principle and handhold on comparative stylistic features, hermeneutics-interpretation forshortening of the music semiotics and the further developments that in work I.Lyashenko, E. Markova, I.Zinkiv, A.Kulijeva, T.Boyarenko and others. Scientific novelty of the work is defined by originality of the understanding to analogies operatic timbrevоcаl manifest of chant with scenic-external discovery kind of role in dramatic theatre, in this instance this kind of role dramatic soprano as entailment of the heroic nature. For the first time in Ukrainian musicology in specified foreshortening is analysed party lick from "Peak Lady" P.Chaikovskij. The Findings. The analysis to parties lick in "Peak Lady" P.Chaikovskij demonstrates the fullness of the manifestation beside it possibilities dramatic soprano in this parties, where exists introducing the heroic complex "Rossimi voice" in analogies to complex of the heroines in dramatic theatre. Such there is essence to this parties and scenic-behavioural entailment her: guardian angel fallen choice, acceptance to her Election and faithfulness expiatory martyrdom prove the high moral principle of the interpretation dug. Kind of role dramatic soprano is realized with handhold on possibility Rоssini made soprano, which symbolized in romantic-realistic opera to XIX and been born symbolistic drama to XXcenturys typology behaviours-nature, expression which organic united with possibility high vоcаl in manifestation main of the typology feature of the opera as music drama.
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In the second half of the nineteenth - early twentieth centuries the medical sector in the field was generally concentrated in the hands of zemstvo and municipal government agencies, more or less, tried to make informed decisions, with the assistance of the zemstvo. The main idea of the article is the suggestion of city mayors in the field of health care to restore a complete picture of the history of urban self-government at the beginning of the twentieth century through the city mayors of Odessa. Kherson Zemstvo was one of the best in terms of providing medical services and overcoming epidemics that already had a local character at the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries - plague, cholera, typhus, diphtheria, etc. The activities of medical and recreational facilities, the quality of service of the population and the sanitary and epidemiological situation were important issues for consideration by the Duma and the relevant commissions. In the periods of epidemic swings, city mayors at the level of the public and sponsors made advisable proposals to prevent the spread, eradication of pathogens and reduce the number of patients among the population. Also, at the beginning of the twentieth century, they talked about the protection of labor during the production process, which was a tremendously necessary application for favorable working conditions. The author notes that the proposals of the heads of the city government also played an important role in improving the general condition of the city, opening new facilities, studying serums and preventing an increase in the number of patients, which was noted at the national level.
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The purpose of this article is to study the phenomenon of celebrating the pedagogical congresses held in southern Ukraine (actually Odesa school district) in the second half of the XIX – early XX century, highlight the historical and methodological issues in the this congresses. Published sources are predominantly published in editions of congresses. Information of interest to us is mainly contained in the sources of the reports - the reports and reports of the companies. Narrative sources, publication of analytical articles about societies in the time magazines and newspapers are an essential addition. Thesis. The main idea of this article is that in the historical and methodological questions did not belong to the leading subjects of occupations of the pedagogical congresses participants on the territory of Southern Ukraine, only after linguistic and natural. This events gave rich material to theorists of pedagogy and officials for further meetings in the Central administrative bodies, the nomination of further reform initiatives. Similar actions for the exchange of views and development of long-term plans were distributed to almost all professional groups. Congresses were a significant factor in the formation of civil society in the Russian Empire and, in particular, in the Dnieper and black sea parts of Ukraine, which were at that time part of this state, significantly increasing its potential. The considerable body of literature dedicated to administration of the educational congresses in the Russian Empire and on the territory of Ukraine.
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One of the results of the social modernization in the second half of the nineteenth century in the Russian Empire was the growing of attention towards so called «Jewish question», This process was followed by emergence and dessimination of different discourses towards Jewish component of population, often divided into anti-Semitic and so called liberal, which were engaged in latent or open contest for public opinion. The researchers traditionally paid more attention to anti-Semitic discourses and thus marginalized the questions on attempts to create a positive (relatively) ones and on existing of public opposition towards anti-Semitism in local (for example, urban) societies. The main idea of the article is that a part of local newspapers in Ukraine in the second half of XIX c. such as «Odesskij Vestnik» played the important role in forming and disseminating the relatively positive image of Jewish population and in maintaining public opposition towards anti-Semitism. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of image of the Jewish population that formed on the pages of the newspaper «Odesskij Vestnik» in the first half of the 1880-ies. The study of historiography has showed that the chosen problem needs the further investigation due the traditional maginalization of issue of forming positive discourse by local press.
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The article is about Dmytro and Olexandr Kniazhevych activity in the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Empire of the XIX century. The change sand in novations of the financial system of that time, the importance of personnel policy and the provision of the state apparatus with the necessary specialists who were ready for innovations and often were innovators themselves are analyzed. Those were the Kniazhevych brothers, who, thanks to hard work and natural wit were able to occupy key positions in one of the most important Ministries of the country. The purpose of the article disclose the work of the Kniazhevych brothers in the departments of the Ministry of Finance, to show their professional growth and participation in there form of the financial system of the Russian Empire of the nineteenth century. The analysis of Dmytroand Olexandr Knyazhevych’s services in the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Empire allows to show their gradual career growth, appraise their career achievements and ability to look ahead, carry out reforms that are urgently needed by the country in the field of finance. Although the fiery and principled nature of the older brother, Dmytro Kniazhevych, did not allow him to reach his full potential in the Ministry of Finance, he was able to realize it in the Ministry of Education, where he proved himself as a reformer and brilliant manager at the position of trustee of the Odesa Educational District. In turn, Olexandr Kniazhevych, moving moderately in his career, devoted all his statesmanship to the Ministry of Finance, where he held the high position of Minister of Finance of the Russian Empire from 1858 to 1862.
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In the middle of the XIX century, the publication of literary collections experienced another rise. Odesa was not only an administrative but also a cultural center of the large region and remained the only city in southern provinces of the Russian Empire where literary almanacs were published. Many aspects of the development of the port city, its culture and literature are reflected on their pages. So we can consider these materials as one of important sources, though non-traditional for historical works. The main thesis of the article is that the collection “Literaturnye Vechera” (“The Literary Evenings”), published by Mykola (Nikolay) Fumeli, is a significant source for studying the social and cultural life in Odesa of that time. This work is based on the “Literaturnye Vechera” materials, critical reviews from the popular central magazines “Sovremennik” (“The Contemporary”) and “Otechestvennye Zapiski” (“The Domestic Notes”), archival funds. The “Literaturnye Vechera” history of appearance was partially considered in the monograph by I. S. Grebtsova, but this collection possibilities as a historical source have not yet been the object of special research. The article analyzed the publication of two literary collections, published in 1849 and 1850. It should be emphasized that Mr. Fumeli, who was a graduate of the Richelieu Lyceum, managed to bring strong team of local authors to work in his “Literaturnye Vechera”. M. Gerbanovsky, K. Zelenetsky, E. Kolbasin, M. Kartamyshev, O. Rabinovich and other Odesa writers were among them. Interesting to note that in the 30s of the 19th century, when the Odesa almanacs had been in the early period of formation, tough competition forced them to resort to services of famous writers from St. Petersburg and Moscow. A decade and a half later, local writers and poets reasonably relied on their own strength, which testifies to the rapid growth of their professionalism.
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There are two biographies of Adam Mickiewicz. The essence of the first, the one most familiar to generations of the poet’s readers, was captured most saliently by Tomasz Lisiewicz in his 1894 painting Apotheosis of the Wieszcz. There is nothing remarkable in the concept itself: the figure of an author surrounded by various products of his literary imagination. What is remarkable is Lisiewicz’s rendering of the author. Mickiewicz is depicted lying on his deathbed, his face modeled on August Préault’s 1867 funerary medallion of the poet’s head that Préault had in turn modeled, ostensibly, on the plaster cast of Mickiewicz’s face taken a few hours after his death in 1855. I say ostensibly, because the French sculptor reworked the features of a prematurely aged fifty-six-year-old’s death mask to resemble those of a much younger—one might say eternally young—Mickiewicz. [...]
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The paper discusses ambiguities relating to the name of the Croatian translator of the Holy Script (published from 1858 to 1861), Ivan Matija Škarić: was his name Matija or Matij; was his family name Škarić or Skarić? There are also ambiguities relating to the name of the language into which Škarić translated the Holy Script – was it Dalmatian-Illyrian or Illyrian? – and to the role of Karadžić’s translation of the New Testament in Škarić’s translation.
More...Me vështrim të veçantë një berati të vitit 1315/1898 që ruhet në Arkivin e Kosovës
Our historical past has been preserved in various records, especially in the Ottoman documents, which sums up a very important five-century history. Once you see these records, you will be inspired and amazed by the fact that, in addition of the side of argument and historical testimony, they also represent another field that is accessible to the eye, permeable to the heart and extremely important for their artistic - aesthetic side. Each of these records, if you look at them and analyze them with serenity and critical-artistic view, you will discover the harmony, arrangement of rows, and precise and accurate connection of letters, one after the other, just like pearl beads, that will make you have the impression that you will never forget them. It is worth mentioning here that the records written in the form of a bouquets of flowers, known in Ottoman paleography as dîvânî and celâlî dîvânî writting, were usually used to write the berat’s for medallions or decorations with which the meritorious people have been promoted in various fields.
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Archaeological remains indicate that the Bulgarians were a Turkish tribe. The Bulgarians living under the rule of the Gokturks established the 'Great Bulgarian State' in 630, during the weak period of the Gokturks. This state was distributed by the Khazar Khanate (665). The Bulgarians under the administration of Asparuh headed towards the Danube, where they joined the Oghuzes and Huns and dominated these lands under the Bulgarian name. After the Great Kosovo war (1839), all Bulgaria up to the Danube and Vidin came under Ottoman rule and was freed to live the religious and national values of the people. Independence movements in the Bulgarians first started in the second half of the 18th century. After the 1828-29 Ottoman-Russian war, the Russians supported the gang activities of the Bulgarians. The Bulgarians started to tend to leave the Ottoman State by taking advantage of the activities of the Russians in the Balkans. The Bulgarian independence movement reached its peak in the 1860s, both as an ideological development and as an organization. The Bulgarian Orthodox Church was known for an edict on March 11, 1870, after which the national Bulgarian church was established. The Bulgarians, who gained their religious independence, continued to fight to gain their political independence, with two strong attempts at revolution in 1875 and 1876. The Battle of 1877-1878 In the Ottoman-Russian struggle, Bulgarians gave great support to Russia, Bulgarian volunteers fought against the Ottoman State in the Russian army. In this war, many Muslims died and many Muslims had to migrate by leaving their homes. In this study; The Bulgarians are a Turkish origin society, not with Turkish identities in the process of achieving their political independence, give directions their activities according to their religious identities, struggles to achieve their independence are described.
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In the thought of Lazăr Iacob, the Romanian village in the western part of the country, it is the place of ethnic fragmentation, the place where for centuries the Romanians sought to obtain through hard work, fighting and blood shed by thousands of Orthodox, the right to life, the right to culture and national education, meaning by this right and religious education, because in Transylvania, the Church was the only one that managed to keep the aspirations of centuries of Romanians, through confessional schools, through Preparandia from Arad, which for more than a century ensured. the continuity of this education through the teachers and priests trained in this institution. The village of Transylvania is the place that has instilled a Romanian spirit especially that of the brothers from over the Carpathians, due to the challenges that have tempered this nation.
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In the paper the author outlines from the aspect of the history of institutions the structure and the activity of the The Lonjsko Polje Railway Stock Company during the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Like the majority of other vicinal railways, the company had its headquarters in Budapest. The stock company was founded on 15 June 1896. The stock company’s tasks were performed by: the stockholders’ general assembly, headquarters and the inspecting committee. The company’s railway lines were: Dugo Selo-Novska and Banova Jaruga-Pakrac. They were put into traffic on 29 November 1897. These private railway lines were exploited i.e. administrated by the state. During the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy the company’s railway lines came under the jurisdiction of the Traffic Administration of the Royal Hungarian State Railways in Zagreb. The Novska-Dugo Selo-Zagreb railway track was approximately 12.5 km shorter than Novska-Sisak-Zagreb, whose Sisak-Zagreb-Savski Marof (Zidani Most) branch was owned by the Southern Railway Society, the biggest and the most powerful railway stock company in the Monarchy. That by default made them competitors. During its construction it was decided to create a transit railway line from the former for the transitional traffic to the detriment of the Southern Railways. By analysing the published information on the business activity of the Lonjsko Polje Railway in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and by comparing it with other Croatian-Slavonian vicinal railways, bearing in mind its stock capital of 9.940,000 krone and its operating in the black, it can be concluded that the stock company was a respectable and successful private vicinal railway.
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The article describes the issue of the perception of Great Moravia as a state. The author points out when the term “state” for Great Moravia was used for the first time in professional literature, as well as how other authors perceived Great Moravia, as well as what definition of state the authors used. The article further describes how the understanding of the legacy of Great Moravian history was politicized in individual periods. He points out that in the period after 1867 the question of Great Moravian history was mainly presented from the perspective of the defense of Palacký. After 1918, Great Moravia was a symbol of the historical unity of the Czechoslovak nation, and at the same time a suitable historical justification for the policy of Czechoslovakism. After 1939, Prince Pribina as the first ruler of Nitra was presented in Slovakia, and the unification of Great Moravia was presented as a violent act of aggression of the Czechs against the Slovaks. After 1948, the legacy of Great Moravia is again presented as the oldest state of Czechs and Slovaks (no longer one Czechoslovak nation). The author points out that although the conditions for the de-politicization of the perception of history occurred after 1989, this was not quite the case in Slovakia. In conclusion, the author points out in what way the perception of the history of Great Moravian statehood could be changed.
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Handwritten notes preserved on leaves of books are authentic historical sources. In them, we find information on purchase and circulation of books, events from the life of the community or persons that owned them. This research attempts to valorise documentary information resulted from such texts and which refers to the cantors of churches from Alba Iulia area. Next to an undecorated signature or a reference of the name, many times cantors gave information on localities where they activated or the period they occupied this position within the church. All these help historians to shape an as clear idea on some aspects of local and cultural history.
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In the provinces that currently make Romania, we dealt with a more consistent number of Italians who were to establish into a stable and uninterrupted community along time, along with modern times (XIXth century). The richness of natural resources, as well as requirements of the modernisation process, entailed need of specialised workforce, that came from the exterior and, thus, next to other ethnicities, also the Italians reached both inside and outside the Carpathian arch, in Danubian principalities. The issue of Italians’ emigration to the regions bounded by the Carpathians, the Danube and the Black Sea raises the same questions and research requirements; thus, the study of the Italian presence in Transylvania is a regional variant within a theme that essentially is the same throughout the Romanian area. This paper proposes to review and generally assess the production of historical writings of the last three decades, on the presence of the Italians on the territory of current Romania, supplementary emphasising those who stopped in Transylvania. Emigration of Italians to the Romanian area and their living here on the long run is a less studied chapter from the history of Italian-Romanian relations, next to other themes concerning the same issue such as relationships between the two nations during the establishment of modern national states, the political-diplomatic, economic and cultural relations between the two countries. Research of the historical Italian community from Romania was more extensive after 1989, both as regards the primary sources and presenting new information to the scientific environment, and the report of angles and perspective of approaching the theme. However, the issue is far from being settled, and indubitably it will be enriched by new contributions, in the following period. Studies and researches on Italians from the Romanian area appeared until now are the result of the interest showed by the Romanian and Italian historiography, with a more significant number of contributions made by the Romanian historiography.
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