"Azerbaycan Dövri Metbuatı 1832-1920 Bibliyografiya" Adlı Yayına Göre Azerbaycan Dergileri (1832-1920)

Author(s): Fahri Sakal / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: Spec.issue/2017

Press and one of its branches, articles are considered to be one of the main sources in all areas of history, not just for cultural issues. The press and journals which are very important for both political and cultural history of Azerbaijan are well known in Turkey and therefore are not used in studies. In this article, based on the work of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences entitled "Azerbaycan Dövri Metbuatı 1832-1920 Bibliyografiya, Bakı 1987", the journals published in Azerbaijan and Georgia in this period are briefly introduced. In the article, it is presented in alphabetical order the journals, their editorials, publisher and journalists and given information about the publishing policy of the journals, the types of articles and the ideological direction. As the bibliography was from the Soviet era, the nationalist intellectuals and authors was not included, but those who served the Bolsheviks were presented with delicate expressions. It is reminded to the reader in the footnotes in the text when necessary.

"Die Mazedonische Frage" und die deutschen Historiker

Author(s): Elena Boyadjieva / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/1994

"Metafizičke spekulacije" u etnologiji. Pred 150-godišnjicu rođenja, odnosno uz 70-godišnjicu smrti Adolfa Bastiana (Bremen 1826 - Port of Spain 1905)

Author(s): Vitomir Belaj / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 4/1974

Als Ausgangspungt wurde hier die Kontoverse Bastian-Haekel über die Evolutionslehre gewählt, in der Bastian Uber d ie methodisch unzulässigen Auslegungen auf Grund voreiliger Verallgemeinerungen mit recht spottete. Weiter wurde gezeigt, wie in jeder ethnologischen "Schule" zu solchen "metaphysischen" Trugschlüssen kommen kann. Das geschieht immer, wenn auf Grund ungenügender (oder gar falsch gemachter) Beobachtungen Schlüsse gezogen werden, in dessen "Gesetzm ässigkeit" dann geglaubt wird; in solchen Fällen wird in eine Fiktion geglaubt, in eine nicht vorhandene Gesetzmässigkeit (die eine gewisse Macht ausüben soll) , in etwas aussernatürliches, "uber-natürliches, meta-physisches, ganz egal was für "fortschrittliche" Ideen sonst der Gelehrte zu folgen meint. Solche Abschweifungen stehen nicht nur der richtigen wissenschaftlichen Arbeit im Wege, sondern können auch schwerwiegende politische Folgen haben. Gerade deshalb ist es wichtig, noch zu rechter Zeit die Unwissenschaftlichkeit einzelner "wissenschaftlichen" Versuche als solche zu erkennen und public zu machen.

"Moja politika je kranjska klobasa."

par madežev kranjske klobase v slovenski politiki, zapackanih v slovenskem časopisju do prve svetovne vojne

Author(s): Jernej Mlekuž / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 2/2013

In the period between the Spring of Nations and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Carniolan sausage did not only fill stomachs. It was also a highly esteemed refreshment, a stimulant for what was initially nascent and later – in the final decades of the period under consideration – already completely awakened national identity. Carniolan sausage had a special place in the Slovenian society and culture. However, what about its place in the political life? It especially had a great symbolic potential and it was a strongly marked object, allowing for various uses. It was convenient, frequently available for various occasions and needs, among others also for a range of »political« applications. The following text limits itself to three Carniolan sausage stains in the Slovenian politics in the period under consideration, smearing the press: the wagging fingers of the Slovenski narod newspaper journalists at the »flexible« – the politicians of moderate national policy in the Taaffe period; the disputes within the socialist camp among Slovenians in the United States; and finally one of the biggest social-political scandals in Carniola before World War I, brought to the boiling point in the atmosphere of the ruthless liberal-clericalist struggle for authority during the so-called Theimer affair.

"Panslavizem, panslavizem, bi se kričalo od vseh strani!" K zgodovini slovanstva, slovenstva in nemškega strahu pred panslavizmom 1788-1861

Author(s): Marko Zajc / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2009

The idea of Slavism is inseparably linked with the development of the Slovenian national thought. The use of wider, Slavic notion to surpass provincial and regional borders was present since the very beginning of the Slovenian nationalism which was closely connected with the neighbouring German element. Herders's views on language as the essence of the nation and his praise of Slavs play an important role. At the end of Napoleon's Wars a general fear of Russia overcame Europe. Three different aspects of attitude towards Russia existed in the German-Austrian public: Russia as a reactionary state (internal policy aspect), Russia as a Slavic force (national aspect) and Russia as an expansive force (foreign policy aspect). The Slovenian national movement also operated in this context and had to struggle against being accused of Panslavism and Pro-Russianism from the beginning of its political action.

"Rajš' ko Talijana, sem zbrala Slovana"

analiza preseljevanj Slovencev na ozemlje držav nekdanje Jugoslavije in njegove posledice

Author(s): Marina Lukšič Hacin,Boštjan Udovič / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 2/2014

The following contribution analyses the history of emigration from the Slovenian ethnic space to the countries of the former Yugoslavia and its contemporary consequences. The main thesis builds on the understanding that the Slovenian emigrant community in the “Yugoslav state” was largely neglected from the viewpoint of operative politics as well as from the scientific study perspective. The analysis is divided into four historical periods, which differed significantly as far as the migration dynamics is concerned: the first migration stage (1850–1914), dominated by economic reasons; the second migration stage (1919–1941), when the political and cultural reasons also became important; the third migration stage (1945–1991), when the main reasons for migration were economic and ideological; and, finally, the article is concluded with the analysis of policy towards the Slovenian immigrants to the Yugoslav territory in the time of the independent Slovenia, together with all of its advantages and shortcomings.

"Slovenski" prostor na Ogrskem po obnovi ustavnega življenja. Značilnosti (ne)demokratizacije in (ne)pluralizacije na levi strani Mure (1861-1918)

Author(s): Filip Čuček / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2009

In the following contribution the author analyses the "Slovenian part" of Hungary after the restoration of the constitutional life in the Habsburg Monarchy in the light of democracy and democratisation of society, when nationalism kept increasingly asserting itself in the political life. The author demonstrates that nationalism was far slower to affirm itself among the "Slovenians" on the left bank of the river Mura as among those on the right bank. The link between both banks has existed since the 1860s and was "established" by the Slovenian intellectuals from Carniola and Styria, who were actually only getting to know the people on the other side of Mura. In the time of democratisation, the developments were different in Hungary as in the Austrian part of the Monarchy. If before the turn of the century the Cisleithanian Slovanians acquired certain rights and "transformed" their initial unification policy into a modern plural political party life (in Carniola in the beginning of the 1890s and in Styria after the turn of the century), the "Slovenians" in Hungary have not organised themselves politically until the very dissolution of the double monarchy. Instead they were largely left to the Hungarian national "wave". Only after World War I can we really start talking about the linguistic and cultural unity of the Slovenians from the Prekmurje region with the other Slovenians.

"Vy máte iného ducha!" Žilinská deklarácia - národno-politický aspekt slovenského evanjelického reformného hnutia

Author(s): László Matus / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 1/2015

The constitution of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Kingdom of Hungary was established by the 1891-94 synod. This constitution had a tendency towards centralization and greatly restricted the autonomy of the church. The centralized administration rendered it possible for the leaders of the church to reduce the autonomy of Slovak Lutherans, who had majority in the Cis-Danubian district, by redrawing the borders of the districts. In the new districts the Slovak Lutherans found themselves in minority everywhere, losing their influence on decision making.This lead to the Žilina Declaration, which was signed by 68 north-west Hungarian Slovak congregations at the end of 1912 and the beginning of 1913. The declaration criticised the centralization and the concomitant tendencies towards Hungarian linguistic and the ideological nationalization of the church, and it even raised the issue of forming autonomous Slovak districts.The present study analyses the political context of the above mentioned document. The author uses primary sources because the topic lacks historiographical literature. The first research question of the study is whether the co-operation of the Slovak congregations was as an ad-hoc association or, rather, the result of the mobilisation of an institutionalized group. The second research question discusses the various representations of the relevance of the aforementioned congregational co-operation in the Slovak national narrative. In order to answer these questions the author relies on both political science theories and secularisation theories.

"Wiadomošci Brukowe" (1816-1822) un "Dunduri" (1875-1878). Anonimitāte 19. Gadsimta Poļu un Latviešu satīras izdevumos

Author(s): Justina Prusinovska / Language(s): Latvian / Issue: 1/2006

"Wiadomosci Brukowe" (The Tabloid News) and "Dunduri" (The Gadflies) are two satiric almanacs written by journalists of different nations in a different but politically similar (the main problems were corvee, deep class division, censorship, surge of foreign trends) periods of the 19th century "Wiadomosci Brukowe" consists of 287 volumes, when "Dundun and presented only by four little annals, named jauni Dunduri, Duitihn» Pienākami, Dunduru Padēli and Dundurs Pats. Regardless, there is no significant differences between them. An analysis of their contents provided important information about Polish and Latvian authors similar way of describing reality and preferences of introducing themselves. Also the literary genres they chose were very often. the same: a dialogue and letter or report from the journey, which could guarantee the anonymity. The most interesting issue is that all the authors were. anonymous and their pseudonyms were really very unconventional and sophisticated.

"Zdravo je biti Amerikanac": Rana hrvatska imigracija u SAD, prakse na otoku Ellis i stvaranje hrvatske dijaspore

Author(s): Tanja Bukovčan / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 29/2006

From 1892 to 1954 more than 12 million immigrants entered the United States through its famous gateway, Ellis Island. They were processed through immigration procedure and majority of them, from that period, were allowed to enter the US and become the citizens of their choice. Poverty, scarcity and hard field labour forced many Croats to seek better life in America. Almost four millions of them went through the Ellis Island in the period from 1880 to 1930. Very young, of average age not more than 22, most of them single males, together with all other steerage passengers, underwent the quick medical examinations, "six seconds physicals" through which they were checked for signs of infectious diseases, insanity, "feeblemindedness" of physical defects. To avoid the trap of being too easily critical 100 years after Ellis Island happenings, it has to be said that they were a practical solution to immigration admission. The number of people entering the US through Ellis Island could reach 5000 up to 11000 people per day during America's peak immigration years from 1890-1924. However, Ellis Island practices legitimatized and deepened the division between the ethnically desirable (North and Western Europe immigrants) and less desirable (South-Eastern Europe and Asia). Furthermore, they provided a mass demonstration of power and political practices, which used health as an instrument of separation between those who were eligible to become the members of a politically stable, healthy labour force, and those who were not. This paper tries to examine in what way did such "segregatory" practices, which already at the entrance to the New World, defined Croats and other immigrants as possibly unhealthy, insane or inapt, influence the formation of Croatian Diaspora in North America as a culturally distinct ethnic group. It also raises the question as to how will the newly emerging medical borders affect notions of ethnicity and the ways in which dispersed/displaced peoples construct their identities in the time of "global ethnoscapes" (Appadurai) The fact that this first "legalized" segregation on the basis of a six-second medical examination was going on under the shadow of the Statue of Liberty, shows to what extent it was assumed as "scientifically" reasonable and politically correct, and explains the existence of its current practices of creating medical borders. Who remains on the other side of the medical border? The ethnical and cultural "Others", or, just "the ill"?

"Želimo biti enakopravni in enakovredni državljani". Gregorčev predlog jezikovnega zakona za zaščito nacionalnih manjšin iz leta 1899

Author(s): Janez Cvirn / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2009

Since the beginning of his career as a Member of Parliament, Lavoslav Gregorec from Styria argued for the idea of "national autonomy" in the National Assembly many times, which was to be achieved by adopting an act implementing Article XIX of the Basic Act of 21 December 1867. He argued for the idea of national autonomy in more detail in his speech in the National Assembly on 3 May 1887 and then also on 17 April 1890. He restated his arguments in the time of the extensive "language discussion" in March and April 1898, encouraged by Thun's government. His ideas became more substantial when he prepared a draft "Language Act for the Protection of National Minorities", which he submitted to the National Assembly on 16 December 1899. His proposal was one of the most interesting attempts at solving the linguistic and national issues in the time of mounting national conflicts in Austria.

"Искусство высокое": Ф. М. Достоевский и стенография

Author(s): Irina S. Andrianova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2017

The importance of stenography, i. e. the art of writing at speech rate, is widely recognized in the history of evolution of the world science and culture, politics and economy. The given article systematizes the facts about the writers of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries who mastered the shorthand or used to resort to the help of professional stenographers in their creative activities. Taking into consideration this review the article makes a conclusion about the role and meaning of stenography in the creative process of F. M. Dostoevsky. He was the second writer in Russia (following V. V. Krestovsky) who applied shorthand writing in his literary work, but the only one in the world literature for whom stenography became something more than just shorthand. He considered it to be mysterious and “high art”. It modified and enriched the model of his creative process not for a while but for life, and it had an influence on the poetics of novels and of the story “A Gentle Creature”, it contributed changes in the writer’s private life and provoke the relatives’ interest (stepson P. A. Isaev, niece E. M. Dostoevskaya). In the course of the marriage of Dostoevsky and stenographer A. G. Snitkina the author’s artistic talent came to the peak. The largest and most important part of his body of work was created in that period. Unfortunately, the Dostoevsky archive keeps only a moderate part of the manuscripts with stenographic notes in them. It is described in the supplement to the article.

"Історія русів" як джерело культурологічних рецепцій 80-х років XVIII – першої половини XIX століття

Author(s): Larysa I. Gorenko / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2010

In this article reflection outstanding example of the political, historical-philosophy and culturality-philosophy thought into the Ukrainian on the boundary XVIII–XIX-th century "The History of Rusov", which become to the spring accordingly cultural reception's in the creative work of the outstanding public benefactor at the Ukrainian and west European cultural. Characteristic role to the Novgorod-Siverskіy intellectual society into be created this is note book and the new conception of the development Ukrainian. Underline, what author "The History of Rusov" projection at the national, state political system and cultural regenerate, where Ukrainiany and Ukrainian present as the world phenomenon. Also reflection the special role historycal and cultural legacy in to formation of the national consciousness and Ukrainian national model new "hereditary of the chielf".

"Культуротворческий синтез" в реалиях музыкального искусства рубежа ХІХ–ХХ веков (на примере хоровых произведений С. Танеева)

Author(s): Nataliia Shvets / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2015

The problem of integration, synthesis of multistyle sources, variety of ways of style trends reciprocity in choir cycle "Twelve choires a cappella for mixed chorus" or. 27, words written by Y. Polonsky, from the point of view of preservation and rethinking of traditions and style synthesis is investigated in the article. The trend of style synthesis, assimilation of models of previous epochs brightly shown in S. Tanieyev’s creative activity, whose potential was shaped and carried out during the period from the late XIX – early XX centuries, explicitly stands out as one of the leading trends in pluralism of styles defined by the turn of centuries, in complicated mixture of various style orientations (search of the new, separation from traditional systems, and, at the same time, strive for balance, compensation, preservation of progressive development of art). The aim of the article is to find out variety of ways style trends reciprocity, style synthesis effectiveness in the author's compositions as the expression of important style processes of the given period. Being a representative of musical romantism in historical sense, S. Tanieyev, at the same time, appealed to models deeply intellectual in music art: Renaissance, barocco, classicism. The search of something new together with assimilation and rethinking of traditions appeared in several aspects of S. Tanieyev's activity. The key point of S. Tanieyev's spiritual world and supreme tradition turned out to be philosophy. There is a resonation with Bach concepts of creative activity, with the problematics of classicism as well as with ethic essence of the Russian religious philosophy of the Silver Age in his reference to massive philosophic and ethic problems, in understanding the need in constant pursuit of ethical perfection, of the themes of complexity and counterpoint of the world, which means the unity of polar and, at the same time, cooperating beginnings of "life – death". Connection with barocco tradition possesses a special place in S. Tanieyev's heritage of chorus compositions. Russian chorus music owes to the author's creation of mastery and extraordinary compositions in different genres – opera chorus, cantatas, certain chorus a cappella, massive chorus. A very important place in composer's activity, in his theoretical concept, is devoted to polyphony – a significant achievement of the Renaissance and barocco. The author’s relying on rhetoric resonates with both barocco traditions and symbolist poetics of the late XIX – early XX centuries. Using music and rhetoric shapes, generalization, conventionalism, whose "eternal meaning" gives them the meaning of an emblem, symbol of certain notions, the compose tried to "decode", "interpret" the deep sense of poetic content, fill a note text with spiritual programme. Textual and compositional structure of Tanieyev's choires are rather difficult, and can be revealed only to those listeners, who are aware of barocco music lexis. The motive of chross – a symbol of chross agony – is emphasized among the most significant ones. It is this very shape which ties chorus cycle on Y. Polonsky's words. Austerity, ascetism, concentration of the motive resonates with the content of the text in those its parts where this music symbol is introduced. Rhetoric sign is included into extremely important, philosophically significant in dramatic sense moment of the cycle. A drawing of a circle (circulatio – turning around) became one of the most intensive and meaningful signs in S. Tanieyev's choires. It is associated with the idea of eternity, incredible beauty and verity in barocco music. In intonation dramatism of choires there can be found other music and rhetoric shapes as well, which are important for the dramatism of the whole. Thus, rhetoric shape anabasis, which denotes the symbol of resurrection in barocco music, appeares mostly in choires apealling to reveal lyrical beginning. Catabasis (a symbol of dying, a sign of sorrow, "putting into coffin" on barocco music) can be seen in the cycle of choires where there is a tense and dramatic beginning. Such rhetoric shapes as passus duriusculus, saltus duriusculus are applied to express mourning, suffering. Due to their fixed and stable semantics these music shapes were turned into "signs", emblems of certain feelings and concepts. Detailed study of means of music expression revealed polyphonism of S. Tanieyev's thinking. His massive chorus cycle became the ideal of reciprocity of different style trends in art, showing the ties between epochs, defining integrity of composer's style.

"Мы - дети страшных лет России" Судьба двух поэтов - Блока и Гумилева

Author(s): Alfred Bem / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/1996

Пятнадцать лет тому назад, в одном и том же году и в одном и том же месяце оборвалась жизнь двух крупных русских поэтов - Блока и Гумилева. Блок скончался 7-го августа 1921 г. С большой точностью он сам предсказал характер своей смерти: “...в час тоски беззвездной, В каких-то четырех стенах, С необходимостью железной Усну на белых простынях...” Он скончался, действително, "на белых простынях", в своей постели, но смерть его была, несомненно, трагична. Сначала, уверовав в революцию, в ее стихийно - очистительный характер, он и в своем творчестве отразил это "приятие" революции. Его "Двенадцать” останутся лучшим памятником этого периода, и, вероятно, лучшим памятником русской литературы вообще, отразившим первый революционный пафос октябрьского переворота.

"Рух до правитоків" у російському мистецтві початку ХХ століття

Author(s): Valentina Redya / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2011

The article is devoted to the "Scythian issue" in the context of Silver age culture as the new image-thematic sphere in Russian art, which romantically poeticized historic events through the prism of archaic. Appeals of local artists of the beginning of the 20th century (poets, painters, composers) are tracked back to ancient sources, which presented the opportunity to comprehend spiritual values and renewal of artistic system.

"Скорозрейно" и "нетрайно" ли е българското развитие?

Author(s): Hristo Matanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

This paper analyses the critically well-known thesis of Prof. Peter Moutafchiev about the raises and falls in Bulgaria's development. We know that, counting the studies of the Russian scholar Alexander Hilferding, Prof. Moutafchiev came to the conclusion that Bulgaria's development was erratic and did not have periods of "peace" - everything featured rapid progress and equally rapid decline and crises. The Bulgarian scholar cited Serbia as an example of slower for more regular progrss. The author attempts to question the general validity of this opinion. First of all, it was dedicated by the historical period in which Prof. Moutafchiev lived and worked. Then Bulgarian history itself was transmitted under the influence of the notion that it consisted of a series of successes and failures. Serbia could hardly be a comparison factor as the main sources about its development are the vitas of its rulers written by their sons and close relatives. Third, there are hardly societies and countries on a European or world scale that have not been subject to the "historical sine" of which Moutafchiev speaks. The author of the article appeals for abandoning the romantic approach in reconstructing the Bulgarian past, which demands rapid events with a fatal outcome. Instead, he offers a narration based on Fernand Braudel's idea of continuity and longue duree.

"Шпилен зи полька": О возможных причинах переноса премьеры комедии А. Н. Островского "Бедность не порок" в Петербургe?

Author(s): Andrey Fedotov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2014

This article suggests that the delay of the first night of Alexander Ostrovsky’s comedy "Bednost’ ne porok" (1854) in St. Petersburg can be explained by the fact that the playwright was deeply dissatisfied with the music of Wiktor Każyński, the author of popular polkas. From what we know from Ostrovsky’s correspondence, the playwright was skeptical about Każyński’s decision to use polka tunes in the version of the comedy meant to be staged in the Alexandrinsky Theatre. For Ostrovsky the very genre of the polka was deeply related to vulgarity, something Ostrovsky had always tried to avoid.

"Я очень любил получать письма Марины..." Марина Цветаева. Письма Валентину Булгакову. 1925-1927.

Author(s): Lev Mnuhin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/1996

Review of: "Я очень любил получать письма Марины..." Marina Tsvetaeva. Letters to Valentin Bulgakov. 1925-1927. Prague, Museum of the Czech Literature, 1992.70 p. (Galina Vaněčková Publishing, Editor Marta Dandova). by: Lev Mnuhin

"Я связана с ней против ее желания": О расшифровке Ц. М. Пошеманской стенографического дневника А. Г. Достоевской

Author(s): Irina S. Andrianova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2018

In 2018 the Decree of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation abolished the profession of a stenographer due to the absence of demand. Researchers of the creative work of Fyodor Dostoevsky cherish the memory of two female stenographers — the writer’s collaborator Anna Dostoevskaya and Ceciliya Poshemanskaya, a modest stenographer from Leningrad that managed to fi nd the key to the shorthand system of the former. In the 1950s-1970s Poshemanskaya disclosed to the public the diary of Anna Dostoevskaya of 1867, the rough copies of “A Writer’s Diary” and “The Brothers Karamazov” and some more pages written shorthand by the writer’s assistant. Th e information on Poshemanskaya and her long-term, broad scale work in the memory of Dostoevsky is scarce. This article gives a brief description of the main stages of her creative career of the stenographer from Leningrad. Some additional details on life and work of Poshemanskaya are available in the documents kept in the fund of historianregistrar Sarra V. Zhitomirskaya (10239-fund). Principally, in the letters of Poshemanskaya to Vera M. Fyodorova and Sarra V. Zhitomirskaya, employees of the Manuscript Department of the V. I. Lenin State Library. The fragments of Poshemanskaya’s letters and her two letters to Vera M. Fyodorova published in the article’s supplement throw light upon the methods of the stenographer’s work and assign the objective to use her experience while decoding shorthand notes from the Dostoevsky archive as well as other historic stenographs.