A közlekedés története Magyarországon (1700-2000)
Majdán János: A közlekedés története Magyarországon (1700–2000). Pécs, Pro Pannonia Kiadói Alapítvány, Pannónia Könyvek, 2014, 244 p.
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Majdán János: A közlekedés története Magyarországon (1700–2000). Pécs, Pro Pannonia Kiadói Alapítvány, Pannónia Könyvek, 2014, 244 p.
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Der Autor stellt in seiner Studie die wichtigsten Wendepunkte der politischen und wissenschaftlichen Laufbahn Ludwig Thallóczys dar. Aus der Studie geht hervor, dass Thallóczy nicht nur ein gelehrter und einflussreicher ungarischer Spitzenbeamter des k. u. k. gemeinsamen Finanzministeriums war, sondern auch als einer der besten Balkan-Experten seiner Zeit galt. Neben der ungarischen Geschichte behandelte er in seinen Werken auch die Geschichte des Balkanraums. Man schätzte – und betrachtet noch heute – seine Studien und Quelleneditionen als einen beachtenswerten Beitrag zur internationalen Südosteuropa- und Balkanforschung
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Der Autor gibt einen Überblick über die heraldischen Arbeiten Lajos Thallóczys, wobei er dessen Untersuchungen zum bosnischen Wappen sowie seiner Analyse der Wappen von Hrvoje Vuøiå Hrvatiniå und der Herrscherfamilie der Kotromaniå besondere Aufmerksamkeit widmet. In dem Aufsatz wird weiters Thallóczys Rolle bei der Wahl der Landessymbole für Bosnien-Herzegowina 1889 sowie seine Bedeutung für die Entwicklung der Heraldik als historischer Hilfsdisziplin in Bosnien-Herzegowina thematisiert. Der Beitrag enthält auch eine Bibliographie der Arbeiten Lajos Thallóczys zur Heraldik.
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Aus den Arbeiten der bosnisch-herzegowinischen Historiker wird deutlich, dass sich Lajos Thallóczy mit der staatsrechtlichen Position Bosnien-Herzegowinas beschäftigt hat, weiters mit der Frage der Landessymbole, der Agrarfrage sowie mit Problemen der kulturellen Entwicklung, des Schulwesens und der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Er wurde als guter Kenner der Lage in Bosnien-Herzegowina und auf dem Balkan geschätzt. Eine Gesamteinschätzung der Rolle Lajos Thallóczys ist ausständig. In historischen Büchern und Aufsätzen wird Thallóczy nur beiläufig erwähnt, sein eigenes Handeln war nie Gegenstand einer Untersuchung. Einige Anhaltspunkte für eine solche Einschätzung geben sein Engagement in der Frage des Beg-Titels, seine Aktivitäten hinsichtlich kultureller und wissenschaftlicher Institutionen sowie seine politische Tätigkeit zu Beginn des Ersten Weltkriegs.
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Leidenschaftlich und mit besonderer Sorgfalt war der Historiker Lajos Thallóczy lebenslang bemüht, um die mittelalterliche Chronologie des südslawischen Raumes zu präzisieren, die genealogischen Verbindungen der südslawischen Dynastien und die Lebensdaten der Bane und Wojwoden, also die der höchsten Amtsträger der südslawischen Machtelite im Mittelalter zu erforschen. Seine breit angelegte Quellenerschließung ermöglichte ihm neue Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, ohne viele biographischen Rätsel der von ihm dargestellten historischen Gestalten lösen zu können. Er war zwar mit Recht stolz auf seine Forschungsergebnisse, trotzdem stand ihm die falsche Eitelkeit der allwissenden Wissenschaftler fern. Er betrachtete es sogar für eine moralische Pflicht der Historiker die ungelösten oder unlösbaren Probleme nicht zu verschweigen. Doch würde es ihn bestimmt erfreuen, wenn am Rande einer Konferenz, die seinem Lebenswerk gewidmet war, auch die Widersprüche um sein Geburtsdatum aufgelöst werden
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The article analyzes the ways in which ethnology in Croatia dealt with medical systems, in the period in which ethnology’s disciplinary and political focus was different from that of socio-cultural anthropology and in the recent period, when the pathways of the two disciplines, in the regional setting the article discusses, are parallel. Furthermore, by using her own recent research on medical pluralism in Croatia as an example, the author is trying to justify the usage of medico-anthropological theories and methodology in contemporary research of medical realities.
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For integrate into the European cultures, the Romanian culture received, in the 19th century many influences from all over the world. The various models of the arts and writings have contributed to a modern and new atmosphere and have been good examples to follow. The new creative atmosphere, specific to the European „horizons”, was really favorable to the rise of the dynamic temperament of the Romanians, who understood that modernity had to prevail to create new socio-aesthetic awareness. On the cultural „battlefield” was disputing „the struggle” between tradition and modernity in all areas (social, literary, political). In our study, we propose some opinions of Romanian writers-critics concerning the defense of Romanian cultural identity, as an integral part of European culture, especially in terms of the development of the creative spirit in mentalities and consciences of that time.
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Dacă ne uităm la istoria europeană din Evul mediu încoace putem observa un lent proces de concentrări statele care au condus în secolele al XIX-lea și al XX-lea la formarea statelor naționale. Mai multe din ele au la origine o uniune de entități statale mai mici. Motivele pentru uniune au fost diferite, deseori lupta împotriva unui hegemon asupritor, dar rezultatul a fost în general o uniune de cetățeni care constituie suveranul. Dar de la sfârșitul celui de-al doilea război mondial încoace anumite forțele hegemonice, cu o legitimitate îndoielnică, încearcă să suprapună peste statele naționale europene o uniune suprastatală în care nu apare clar cine este suveranul și cine sunt adevărații beneficiari. Pe baza unui model analitic al conceptului de uniune, eseul de față schițează problemele de suveranitate și de distribuirea beneficiilor cu care s-au luptat statele naționale și pe care Uniunea europeană trebuie să le rezolve.
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Swearing an oath is legally regulated by laws, rule books, decisions and clarifications. The first regulation on soldier’s oath can be found in Vojeni Ustav (Military Constitution) from 1813, which never came in force. The decrees on soldier’s oath were passed in 1836, 1839, 1840, 1861, 1883, 1901 and 1904. In the first half of 19th century, there was a hierarchy of oaths, in accordance with the ranks. From the second half of 19th century, the pattern of oath was same for all the members of the army. Soldiers swore the oath at the beginning of their military service, while officers had to take an oath in writing in addition to swearing it orally. In the first half of 19th century, the oath was taken in the church, but from the second half of the century swearing the oath was performed in garrisons. Civilians serving in the army took an oath in compliance with the provisions of the Law on civil servants from 1864. Members of the committees for military procurement value assessment swore the oath in accordance with the Law on military procurement from 1899. Priests played the most prominent role at oath taking ceremonies. Soldiers swore the oath with their three fingertips of the right hand joined and raised to the height of the head. In 1900, a form of the oath for Muslim and Jewish soldiers was enacted into law.
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L’intérêt pour les peuples et les cultures lointaines, sur les traces de l’école ethnologique de Vienne (P. W. Schmidt), a été prouvé par un prêtre croate, le professeur de théologie à l’Université de Zagreb, Aleksandar Gahs (Požega, 1891 – Zagreb, 1962). Par rapport à Dragutin Lerman (Požega, 1963 – Kreševo, 1918) qui, avant lui, travaillait au Congo au service du trône belge de l’époque, et de suite a pu offrir un bon nombre d’objets originaux des cultures de ses peuples au Musée ethnographique de Zagreb, A. Gahs, luimême se donne l’attribut «le deuxième » â cause de son lieu de naissance et par son intérêt pour les peuples lointains. En effet, ses études faites â Zagreb, Lyon et Vienne, ainsi que la connaissance des langues, lui ont permis de lire des textes dans différentes langues et de nouer des contactes avec bien de collègues, théologiens et ethnologues dont p. W. Schmidt était son maître préféré. A. Gahs a publié plusieurs œuvres et articles. Ses thèmes traitent la question des religions des peuples primitifs.
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This article discusses four sources of information about the battles fought around Vranje in January 1878, as well as social and demographic conditions created in the first years after liberation and annexation of the area to the Principality of Serbia. All these sources are characterized by literariness and some of them by controversy, as well. They were written and published shortly after the events they narrate. They were written in the picturesque language of undoubted literary values but also the values that help us to learn about the past. Those sources are the war diary of Professor Andre S. Knićanin, polemical response to the diary by Major Radomir Putnik, topographic and geographic and ethnographic records written by lieutenant colonel Radovan Miletić and a „Gothic“ story by Professor Ilija Vukićević.
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By the end of February 1859 Prince Miloš decided to send his son Prince Mihailo to Paris to express his appreciation to Napoleon III for his benevolent attitude as well to ask for his further support. Above everything else, he was supposed to find out whether the Austrian – Italian conflict would reopen the Eastern question. During Prince Mihailo stay in Paris attitudes of French statesmen proved to be ambivalent in regard of the policy which should be pursued towards the various nations in Danube basin. Prince Mihailo was in two occasions received in audience by Emperor Napoleon who was very inclined towards the Serbian tendencies.
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Garrison command facility in Užice was built since 1851 to 1859 As some events and lack of funds were often interrupting works. The building contains ground and first floor and is designed according to principles of European architecture of the 19th century. Volume is in the form of regular square with two lateral risalits. The facade is divided horizontally with multilevel and eaves wreath. Vertical division comes out of using angular pilasters. The facade is in equable rhythm window axes – per three on risalits and five on central facade field. The building had a significant role in functioning of town during Ottoman occupation. After the deliberation, it became the center of the square formed in front of the building.
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In this paper the author shows that in the 19th century continental Croatia Baltazar Bogišić, Iso Kršnjavi and Milko Cepelić were engaged in research of textile and clothing applying scientific methods and approaches characteristic of that period.
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Following in the path of M. Gavazzi's interest in the South Slavic and Balkan zadruga families, the author focuses her discussion on the role of women's entrepreneurship in the process of zadruga dissolution. This women's role is inferred from demographic sources and from selected ethnographic accounts from 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Women's individual property within Slavonian zadruga, and the manner in which it was managed, is contrasted with brotherly loyalty in managing the zadruga common patrimony. This micro-level, family process is related to several macro-level social processes: the 18th century colonization of Slavonia, a demographic explosion and subsequent efforts to limit it, and the development of peripheral agricultural markets in the 19th century. The author concludes that "women really did pull zadruga apart" , but in a sense much different from the interpretations of early ethnographies.
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Prikaz/The review of: Dusan M. Babac, The Serbian Army in the Wars for Independence against Turkey, 1876-1878, Helion & Company, Solihull, West Midlands 2015.
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In this paper I want to trace some selected aspects of the emergence of the urban context in Adjuntas, a Puerto Rican town "established" in 1815. I will rely on some key documents, as I am developing the theme as part of a larger work that I expect to publish in near future. The theoretical background comes from Marxism, social history, critical ethnography deconstruction and others.
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In his study the author displays, up to the present unknown facts, related to the appearance of the "Grammar of Bosnian Language" ( 1890). Together with its often mentioned author Franjo Vuletić , a great part in its creation belongs also to prof. Davorin Nemanić.
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Review of: Ibrahim Čedić, "Jezik Mehmed-bega Kapetanovića Ljubušaka", Institut za jezik, Radovi XIV, Sarajevo, 1989.; by: Nevenka Novaković-Stefanović
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