Simbolični identitet Hrvatske u trokutu raskrižje - predziđe - most

Author(s): Ivo Žanić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Simbolična dimenzija politike uvijek je u nekom odnosu s materijalnom osnovicom političke moći, a svako društvo ima samosvojan politički imaginarij koji ga defi nira kroz mrežu simbolično izgrađena značenja i posvećuje njegove norme; zajednica ili njeni segmenti koriste se elementima toga imaginarija u svojoj “identitetskoj borbi”.1 U tom je smislu u petstoljetnom rasponu u Hrvatskoj ključan motiv predziđa kršćanstva/Europe u značenjskim i funkcionalnim varijacijama ovisnima o odnosima političke moći, unutrašnjima i vanjskima. U njemu se zrcali združivanje i/ili razdvajanje simboličnih, kulturalnih i političkih granica; on daje kriterije prema kojima se te granice konceptualiziraju.

Patmos in the eighteenth century: fiscal threats and exemption promises

Author(s): Michael Ursinus / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Elena Grozdanova devoted a large part of her scholarly attention to the Ottoman poll-tax, its administration and the source-value of the cizye records for the study of historical demography of the Balkan territories under Ottoman rule, a subject comprehensively explored and summarized in her monumental study entitled Balgarska narodnost prez XVII vek. Demografsko izsledvane, published in Sofia in 1989. A copy of her work, with Elena's handwritten dedication dated 21 july 1989 in possession of the author, is a sad reminder of a lost reminder of a lost friend and a colleague whose fascination with Ottoman fiscal registers the present author shares. Yet while her book investigates, in a broad sweep and (in her own words) with a "complex approach", the situation during the seventeenth century up to about 1690 when a new system of levying the cizye was devised and progressively introduced, the present contribution merely intends to throw some light, at the micro-level of one small Aegean island, on a few but significant developments in this island fiscal regime during the eighteenth century.

Организация и финансиране на османската куриерска служба през XVII и XVIII век

Author(s): Alexandra Antonova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper studies the appearance and development of the menzil organization on the main roads of the Empire in Rumelia. The author explores the financing of the currier service. Its development in 17th and 18th century is presented as a complex process which depends on the decisions of the central authorities, but is strongly affected by the interests of the provincial elite and no less by the practices of the ulkas. The constant efforts of the state to bring order to the financing of the menzils can be seen in some fermans from 17th and 18th century. They, as well as the inamat defters, show that the system was difficult to reform due to the difference in the interests of the central authorities and those of the locals ayans in 18th century. Thhe menzils were a solid source of enrichment. They sucked in money from the state and the horses were used mostly for personal needs. This situation continued till 19th century when Mustafa Reshid Pasha established the postahane on the model of the European postal services.

Творчески изяви на турските кописти от Самоков (XVII-XIX век)

Author(s): Stoyanka Kendrova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Representatives of the Turkish population in the town of Samokov develop a rich literary activity during the Ottoman period. Seven authors and 47 copyists create a very rich production, especially in 18th century. Ahmed el-Keshfi es-Samakova (d. 1747) is among the most prominent names from the end of 17th - first half of 18th century. He is a prolific writer, copyist, commentator of esoteric works and creator of a rich waqf library in Samokov. His production as a copyist counts 101 volumes, part of which feature collections containing two or more works. The earliest copy - Sharh Manar al-anwar li'n-Nasafi, which is a work in the field of Islamic law, has been completed in 1685. The analysis of the production of the authors and the copyists from Samokov gives us a reason to define this town as a center of literary activity of the local Muslim population.

Мека и Медина в българския османски архив

Author(s): Slavka Draganova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents in analytical way to Fund of the Ottoman documents about Mecca and Medina, kept in the collections of Oriental Department of the National Library "St St Cyril and Methodius". The documents are grouped in six main sections according to their content. The author presents in annotated form multiple documents of that fund. The paper includes an annex of the inventory of documents from fund Hijaz (Arabia).

Непубликувани предмети на въоръжението, конското снаряжение и бита от с. Марково, Шуменско

Author(s): Stojan Vitljanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents part of a hoard containing items of armaments, horse trappings and everyday objects discovered accidentally on the land of the village of Markovo, Shumen region. While inspecting the site of the discovery on the surface the author came across an array of heavily decayed iron items from tools, cattle-breeding equipment, animal bones as well as some fragments of building ceramics and pots of engraved linear decoration and polished strips from the VIII-th - X-th c. The Old Bulgarian signs engraved on some of them refer to the same period and have numerous analogies from Pliska, Madara and Preslav. Then the author assumed that a medieval settlement probably existed in the site of the discovery or the objects fell there by obscure circumstances most probably from the nearby large but insufficiently studied Hambarluk fortress from late Antiquity and the Middle Ages which came into existence in the V-th - Vi-th centuries and continued existing until the XIV-th c. The published materials by analogies fall withing the chronological boundaries of the early Bulgarian Middle Ages and specifically in the mid-X-th - late XI-th centuries.

Църква "Св. Никола" в с. Гинци

Author(s): Zdravka Kosturkova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The village of Gintsi is located in Western Bulgaria, at the foothills of the Western Balkan Range and at about 50 km of Sofia. Once a road connecting Moesia and the river Danube with Sardica and Macedonia used to pass through the village. There were also fortifications around it, as evidenced by the toponym "Kaleto", relevant to two elevations at both sides of the route to Petrohan pass. According to a record dated from 1490, the village had an entirely Christian population, as did the entire area in the vicinity of Sofia. A Turkish register shows that the church in the village, that can be dated from the Middle Ages, continued to exist. According to its plan, the St. Nicholas of Myra belongs to the most widespread type of churches in Bulgarian lands in the Middle Ages and the National Revival, the single-naved basilica. The church has a semi-circular central apse inside and out, a naos and a narthex (added later). The entrance is one from the west, through the narthex into the naos. It has a barrel vault and has a gable roof with wooden casing and tiles, completely in the style of West Bulgarian single-naved churches in the period from the end of the 12-th to the 19-th century. The building technique is traditional for West Bulgarian lands. The material used was hewn and river stone, joint with white mortar. The church was decorated with murals. There were three distinctive period of decoration, with almost nothing remaining from the first murals. The murals are in three artistic layers.

САЩ, 1865: Робството е мъртво! Да живее робството!

Author(s): Simeon Simeonov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The study focuses on the problem of 'master-slave' relations in Modern Times. Analysing the ideology of slave ownership in the United States, the author puts forward the arguments about the continuity of the 'master' attitude in the conditions of the liberal democratic West.

„…nálunk most es a Templomban a nyelvünk tiltva vann.” A moldvai csángók magyar nyelvű hitéletének története és jelene

Author(s): László Diószegi / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

A szentföldi konfliktus – világrendszer-szemléletben

Author(s): Győző Lugosi / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Magyar hozzájárulás a Habsburg állam költségvetéséhez

Author(s): Ferenc Szávai / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The Mystery of the Transmutation of Iron into Copper in the 16th - 18th Centuries

Author(s): Miroslav Kamenický / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Alchemy is a special branch of learned magic. In Central Europe it was cultivated more than all the other offshoots of learned occultism. Alchemy, like the mentality supporting it, relied on Aristotelian principles. From the point of view of formal logic, the transmutation of metals was close to Catholic transubstantiation. It was close to the thinking of the early modern person whether from the Catholic or the Protestant environments. Experimental activity was cultivated in alchemy. It combined real and practical metallurgy with speculative metaphysics. There were extraordinarily many real stimuli for alchemy in the Habsburg Monarchy. For example, there were gold, silver and copper mines in the territory of present day Slovakia. These were notable for strange mysteries, for which the scientific knowledge of the time could give only speculative explanations.

Левски: канонизацията

Author(s): Lyudmil Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The text attempts to reconstruct the beginning of the Bulgarian heroic epic. The author believes that the structure of the author‘s epic was invented by Hristo Botev and was later extended by Ivan Vazov. Vasil Levski‘s figure is met in both poets, but while Vazov writes the live of the Deacon like a saint, Botev carries out his literary canonization according to all ritual procedures and turns it into the Bulgarian Jesus.

Рапсодия vs. ода – „вносните“ модели за литературна иконизация

Author(s): Lyubka Lipcheva-Prandzheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses the models of memory, which the cycle of odes “Epopee of the Forgotten” by the Bulgarian poet Ivan Vazov and the cycle “Rhapsodies of the Bulgarian Gusle-player” by the Slovenian poet Anton Ashkertz offer to the respective national audiences. The analysis bounces off the provocation of the mutual “dislike” of Ashkertz and Vazov so as to project through the textual juxtaposition of the shared by the two poets literary icon of “Vasil Levski” the different functionality of their means of expression

1898. 25 години от обесването на Левски: юбилей и преса

Author(s): Elena Getova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The year 1898 marked the first jubilee of Vasil Levski – 25 years since his hanging. The dynamics of political processes in liberated Bulgaria at the time present a rather interesting and particularly complex picture against the background of which this event unfolded. The stereotype of jubilee celebrations was yet to consolidate and this particular occasion – the anniversary since the death of the Apostle of freedom – makes visible the deep political contradictions inherited from previous historical realities. The manifestations of these contradictions can be seen in the press in 1898.

Държавническото иконизиране на Васил Левски в британската преса в периода 1867 – 1908 година

Author(s): Rumyana Zlatanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper examines for the first time the initial reception of Vasil Levski’s image and significance in the British daily and weekly press in the period 1867 – 1908. Commencing with a curious case of the first appearance of his name in the British press, the paper focusses further on press contributions reporting on a series of Bulgarian state ceremonies and commemorative events that, on the one hand, function as rituals of state iconisation of the Bulgarian national hero Vasil Levski and, on the other hand, exploit his high status for political purposes. In its final part the paper presents the first critical voices in the British press against the political instrumentalisation of Vasil Levski’s image in Bulgaria.

Левски, клирът и християнството – възможният дискурс

Author(s): Goran Blagoev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The essay attempts to juxtapose and analyze the divergent and often contradictory stories accompanying Vasil Kunchev’s path into and out of monasticism, his subsequent religiosity, and his Christian consciousness. It outlines the image of a man experiencing doubts and inner conflicts but preserving his faith. His letters and proclamations clearly reveal how the knowledge of Christianity he had received and his life of faith shaped his revolutionary philosophy.

Национализмът на Васил Левски

Author(s): Todor Radev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

e need to segregate the true historic personality of Vasil Levski in his undisputed role and pivotal mission of Bulgarian national hero, from the mythical images created by the idiosyncratic viewpoints in different sociopolitical layers of time. The text duly justifies the need to rediscover the real personality of the Bulgarian Apostle of Freedom. The academic study follows the ideological transition of Vasil Levski from conservative nationalism, towards the liberating revolutionary nationalism of the Bulgarian Revival period. The study takes into consideration the indirect ideological impact of Giuseppe Mazzini over Vasil Levski, and follows up the unique application of the Mazzinist concepts of revolutionary nationalism in the specific Bulgarian conditions.

Символизации на образа на Васил Левски в самосъзнанието на бесарабските българи

Author(s): Elena Ratseeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article at hand deals with projections of Vasil Levski’s image in the self-consciousness of Bessarabian Bulgarians. The resettlement to Bessarabia took place long before the formation of Bulgarian semiological system and significantly prior to the appearance of the Vasil Levski culturologem as its substantial construct. Even though historically the diaspora has come a long way full of assimilation threats with public education in Bulgarian only becoming possible by the end of 1980’s, and the cultural processes together with the interethnic environment being very different from those in the metropolis, still the ethnocultural coordinate system of the young generation of Bessarabian Bulgarians (revealed by means of a directed associative experiment) holds the image of Vasil Levski as a key culturologem for the Bulgarian segment of personosphere of the 10th generation of Bulgarian immigrants in Bessarabia.

Stan badań nad prawnoustrojową i retoryczną odmianą komunikacji politycznej w I Rzeczpospolitej

Author(s): Małgorzata Dawidziak-Kładoczna / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to identify the literature on political communication in Poland by the year 1795. The result of research on the legal notion variety of political communication are devoted to the development of lexis codes and statutes, the semantics of selected terms of political and constitutions and statutes. Linguists study the history and origins of the rhetorical style, the language of individual orators and the effectiveness of speech or politeness language.