Квазиоппозиции в текстах и грамматиках XVI–XVIII вв. как маркеры устройства славянской категории одушевленности

Author(s): Inna Verner / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2014

This article examines the paradigmatic expression of animacy in the XVI–XVIIIth century Russian, Polish, Slovak and Czech languages. In Russian, animate nouns are marked only by neutralization of the Acc. and the Gen. forms, whereas in Czech, the differentiation of animate and inanimate nouns is marked primarily by different case endings for a single grammatical case. Polish and Slovak use both methods. Some texts and grammars from the early development stages of the modern Slavic literary languages reflect the creation of certain artificial oppositions. These quasioppositions are present in Dmitry Gerasimov’s and Maximus the Greek’s translations of the Church Slavonic Donatus, in the first Polish grammar by Pierre Statorius (1568), in the Czech grammars by Beneš Optat, Petr Gzel and Václav Philomathes (1531), Jan Blahoslav (1571) and Matouš Benešovský (1577), as well as in the Slovak Camaldolese Bible (1756-59).

Вклад профессора С. Кохмана в разработку проблематики польско-русских языковых контактов

Author(s): Liudmila Pavlovna Garbulj / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2011

The article provides a short review of investigations of the Polish-Russian and Polish-East Slavonic language contacts in 15th –19th cc. of the noted Polish specialist in the philology of the Slavs professor S. Kochman, and his valuable contribution in the working out of these problems.

Archaeological and architectural evidence of social change in 13th–17th century Dongola

Author(s): Włodzimierz Godlewski / Language(s): English Issue: XXVII/2018

The article reviews the body of archaeological and architectural evidence for social transformation taking place in Dongola during the period from the end of the 13th through the end of the 17th century, the uppermost stratum uncovered by Polish archaeologists excavating the ruins of the medieval seat of Makurian kings. Domestic architecture from the late 14th through 17th centuries and the artifactual finds from these dwellings, which were built on top of the ruins of the Makurian capital, demonstrate the character and extent of changes in the education, culture and religion of the inhabitants of the city from the Funj period.

Historia lokalna czy międzynarodowe sieci kontaktów — na marginesie pracy Berndta Strobacha Der Hofjude Berend Lehmann (1661–1730). Eine Biografie

Author(s): Maria Cieśla / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The article presents the latest biography of the German court Jew Berend Lehmann. A critical analysis of the publication made it possible to formulate a proposal to look at the biography of the main protagonist in a network perspective.

PAVLINI U SENJU

Author(s): Mile Bogović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/1988

In occasione del II. centenario dell'abolizione dell'ordine di san Paolo degli eremiti (paolini), avvenuta nel 1786., l'Autore descrive la storia dei paolini e dei loro conven-ti a Senj, e cioe: di Santissimo Salvatore nella valle Ljubotina (oggi detta Spasovac), di Santa Elena in Vlaška Draga (oggi Sv. Jelena) e di San Nicolö in cittä.AH'inizio dell'articolo si accenna alia letteratura e poi in modo sommario si ripor-tano i dati piü o meno giä noti, trattenendosi piü a lungo sui risultati della propria in-vestigazione. I primi due suddetti conventi fanno parte integrante della storia medie-vale di Senj. Quello infatti di Santissimo Salvatore risale alia meta del secolo XIV, mentre Santa Elena fu fondata nel 1390. Le fonti conservate ci permettono di conos-cere in modo assai preciso i loro possedimenti, sono scarse invece per quanto concer-ne la loro attivitä. Questa si svolgeva in conformitä alia regola degli eremiti di S. Paolocon modificazioni causate dalla posizione e condizine dei due conventi. A Senj essi possedevano diverse case e negozi (apoteche). Tutti e due i conventi vengono meno nella prima metä del secolo XVI, poiche non erano in grado di asicurare riparo davanti alle continue scorrerie dei Turci. La continuitä della loro presenza a Senj e salvaguardata proprio per mezzo delle case di loro possesso entro le mura della cittä. Un nuovo periodo della storia paolina a Senj incomincia nel 1634., quando venne-ro invitati dal vescovo diocesano Agatić a prender in consegna il convento e la chiesa di San Nocolo, che poco prima erano stati abbandonati dai domenicani. Sull'attivitä di questo convento abbiamo notizie piü frequenti, di cui perö finora e stato pubblica-to poco. Ai paolini di San Nicolo a Senj nel 1725. e stato affidato il ginnasio di Senj, il quale fu da loro gestito fino all'abolizione dell'ordine {1786). Allora si verificarono momenti critici per la scuola. II trasferimento della scuola ai francescani ed a profes-sori laici non ebbe successo duraturo e fini colla chiusura della scuola nel 1803. Alia fine dell'articolo si espongono i dati principali della storia dell'edificio del convento e della chiesa di San Nicolö. Vengono elencati alcuni elementi piu noti dell'in-ventario, varie iscrizioni raccolte da I. Kukuljević prima della distruzione degli edifici stessi, avvenuta nel 1874. Nella chiesa parrochale di Punat nell'isola di Krk (Veglia) ancor oggi si pud vedere l'altare maggiore della chiesa, al duomo di Senj invece e stato trasportato l'altare collaterale con la statua della Pietä (Madonna di sette dolori). La posizione del convento e della chiesa nella piazza oggi chiamata Trg Oslobođenja.

Lovro Kunčević, Vrijeme harmonije. O razlozima društvene i političke stabilnosti Dubrovačke Republike

Author(s): Ante Matuško / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 60/2021

Review of: Ante Matuško - Lovro Kunčević, Vrijeme harmonije. O razlozima društvene i političke stabilnosti Dubrovačke Republike, Zagreb; Dubrovnik: Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, Zavod za povijesne znanosti u Dubrovniku, 2020, 202 stranice

Примери за парични фондации в Русе и Търново (XVII–XIX в.)

Author(s): Ayşe Kayapınar / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The waqf institution played an important social and economic role in the Ottoman Empire. In principle, waqfs are based on real estate capital. The cash-waqfs were known in the Ottoman Empire until 15th c. and they became popular after some debates in the 16th c. They spread exclusively in the European and Anatolian provinces of the Empire. The practice of establishing monetary endowments during the Ottoman period was also observed in the Bulgarian lands. One of the main sources that provide information about the founders of cash-waqfs, the conditions of establishment and activity of these waqfs are the foundation charters (vakfiye). In this study examples of cash-waqfs from Ruse and Turnovo will be examined. The example of such a waqf from Ruse is from 1697/1698, while the Turnovo waqfs date from 1812 to 1851. The sources used to treat the topic are two defter-collections of foundation charters (vakfiye). The idea is to study the purpose of endowed мoney.

The Oath More JudaicoTwo Early Modern Jewish Oaths from Wrocław and Świdnica and Their Comparison with Medieval Jewish Oaths

Author(s): Hana Komárková / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2020

Forma, a niekiedy gest przysięgi były jedną ze składowych świata symboliki epoki średniowiecznej i nowożytnej. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie dwóch wczesnonowożytnych przysiąg zachowanych w zbiorach (księgach przysiąg) z miast tzw. magdeburskiego okręgu prawnego – Wrocławia i Świdnicy – oraz ich analiza w kontekście rozwoju przysięgi żydowskiej (juramentum judeorum, sacramentum Hebreorum, Judeneid) w Europie Środkowej. Na podstawie porównania tekstu obu wspomnianych przysiąg z przysięgami średniowiecznymi została podjęta próba prześledzenia ciągłości owego zjawiska oraz zmian we wzajemnych relacjach pomiędzy mniejszością żydowską a chrześcijańską większością. Brzmienie przysięgi żydowskiej zależało od celu, jakiemu miała ona służyć. Przysięga została stworzona przez chrześcijan, którzy dążyli do tego, by jak najbardziej ograniczyć możliwość jej złamania. Biorąc pod uwagę przepisy dotyczące praktycznego zastosowania przysięgi, można powiedzieć, że jej celem było również ukazanie miejsca i pozycji narodu żydowskiego w społeczności chrześcijańskiej. Przysięga była przede wszystkim narzędziem dyscyplinowania i kontroli. Z powyższych powodów stanowi ona bogate źródło cennych informacji na temat rozwoju społeczeństwa miejskiego oraz zapewnia wgląd w zmiany, jakim podlegało ono na przestrzeni znaczącego i długiego okresu swojego istnienia.

Change and Continuity in Translation. Renewing Communication in a Globalised World

Author(s): Yves Gambier / Language(s): English Issue: 37/2020

At first sight, technology is transforming rapidly the workflow in translation. Like in many other fields, digital technology impacts translators’ daily life. Technology is so omnipresent that we are hardly capable of measuring the consequences it had, the metamorphosis it has induced. On the other hand, we are also so fascinated by all the technical devices and platforms we can use that we tend to forget or undermine the past and how technology and media have always played a role in the evolution of our cultures. Looking back in history, we can realise that some current practices in translation, considered as new, are not really so new. The use of multimodal “texts” we are referring to everyday is not without analogy with the production and the reading of “texts” in the past. Perhaps the transition from a logocentric to an intersemiotic and intermedial culture puts an end to a limited period of time in history, dominated by printing. But closing the “Gutenberg parenthesis” does not imply coming across the same artefacts again as before the 15th century. Based on the existing literature, our paper questions the borders between some translation practice, media, disciplines, through an historical perspective.

ICONOGRAPHY OF PLATO IN ANTIQUITY AND IN MEDIEVAL ORTHODOX PAINTING

Author(s): Daniil Dorofeev,Roman Svetlov,Mikhail I. Mikeshin,Marina A. VASILYEVA / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The article is devoted to the topic of visualization, which is relevant for the modern world in general and scientific knowledge in particular, investigated through the image of Plato in Antiquity and in medieval Orthodox painting. Using the example of Plato’s iconography as a visual message, the authors want to show the great potential for the development of the visual history of philosophy, anthropology and culture in general, as well as the new visually oriented semiotics and semantics of the image. This approach reveals expressively and meaningfully its relevance for the study of Plato’s image, together with other ancient philosophers’ images, in Orthodox medieval churches in Greece, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria and, of course, ancient Russia in the 15th-17th cc, allowing to see the great ancient Greek philosopher from a new perspective.

Топос «стояние на костях» в древнерусских повествованиях о битвах

Author(s): Lidia V. Sokolova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2021

The article presents the analysis of the stoyanie na kostyakh (standing on bones) topos, which is present in battle narratives of the 13th–17th centuries. In battle chronicles this topos is most often expressed by the verbal formula stal na kostyakh (meaning “he has won”), referring either to a prince or to soldiers in general. Instead of the formula stali na kostyakh (they have won), it is sometimes reported how many days the victorious soldiers stoyali na kostyakh, that is, how many days they stayed at the site after the battle. The most interesting use of the topos is revealed in the The Tale of the Battle with Mamai. In this text the fixed expression stal na kostyakh refers to Prince Vladimir Andreevich, whom the author depicts as the main hero of the battle, despite tradition. At the same time, the author provides a detailed account of the stoyanie na kostyakh ritual performed by the victorious soldiers led by Dmitry Ivanovich and reports that “the great prince has been standing on the bones for eight days behind the Don.” Both ancient Russian authors and modern researchers understand the meaning of this ritual reflected in the works of poets and artists in different ways.

Against the “Moonlight and Magnolia” myth of the American South. A new materialist approach to the dissonant heritage of slavery in the US: The case of Whitney Plantation in Wallace, LA

Author(s): Dorota Golańska / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

The article presents an analysis of the operations of the Whitney Plantation Museum, which opened in 2014 in Wallace, LA (USA), situated within the context of plantation heritage tourism in the American South. The argumentation offers an illustration of the significant transition, even though still of marginal character, of the dominant tendencies of representing slavery in heritage sites (plantation museums) devoted to cultivating knowledge about the history of the region. New materialist in its orientation, the analysis subscribes to the most fundamental assumption of this philosophical tendency, namely that knowledge is generated in material-semiotic ways, and applies this approach in an enquiry into the educational experience offered to visitors by this heritage site. The article argues that although the emergence of institutions such as Whitney Plantation is meant to pluralise the memorial landscape of a given community, rather than serving as multivocal spaces they tend to remain steeped in fragmentation.

Edebî Değer Açısından Dil Sapmalarının Üstünlük Problemi: Cahiliye Dönemi Özelinde Şiir Zaruretleri

Author(s): Mehdi Cengiz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2021

Standard language, which follows rules of dictionary and grammar, undergoes various changes when it is the subject of literature, especially poetry. These changes, called linguistic deviation, are due to the poet’s expression of his feelings and thoughts by forcing the possibilities of language. In this direction, language deviations can be defined as the dispositions where the author goes out of the standard language, as in the examples of changes in the pronunciation (ṣavt), form (ṣarf) or spelling (kitābet) of the words, the derivation of new words that are not used in the language (irticāl) and the deterioration of the syntax (naḥv). According to many literary critics such as Ibn Hishām al-Ansārī (d. 761/1360) and ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Baghdādī (d. 1093/1682), this language used by Arab poets who were not influenced by foreign languages, namely the Cāhilī, Muḥaḍram and Islāmī poets (ḳudemâ), was acceptable and it is considered as ḍarūrātuş-şiʿriyye (poetry necessities). In this context, deviations that do not comply with the standard language are tried to be explained with dialect differences, different variants of the couplet or various interpretations. However, some scholars such as Ibn Fāris (d. 395/1004) and Abū al-Ḥasan al-Jurjānī (d. 392/1001-1002) argue that these usages are laḥn (linguistic mistakes). According to these names, it is not correct to explain the poets’ use, which are contrary to the standard language rules, with excessive interpretations (takalluf). Assuming that linguistic deviations are laḥn, they cannot represent a superiority in terms of literary value, but when considered as a necessity, they represent a superiority within the framework of certain criteria. But any specific criteria have been determined before about which linguistic deviations represent the superiority. Therefore, in our study, the theories put forward about the accuracy of linguistic deviations that exceed the standard language rules will be examined and the necessary criteria for them to represent a superiority will be determined.

Civilizaţie aulică şi civilizaţie urbană în Moldova şi Ţara Românească. Secolele XIV-XVII (Cuvânt înainte)

Author(s): Maria Magdalena Székely / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 67/2021

On February 11, 2021, the proceedings of the conference “Aulic Civilization and Urban Civilization in Moldavia and Wallachia. 14th-17th centuries” took place online, organized by the Faculty of History of the “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi and the “Curtea Domnească” National Museum from Târgovişte. The program included 16 archeology and history papers, presented by specialists from Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Craiova, Iași, Pitești, Ploiești, Suceava and Târgoviște, whose field of research is connected to the topic chosen for this meeting. Unfortunately, not all authors have submitted texts for printing. However, given the interest shown by medievalists in the topics discussed at the conference, the organizers decided to publish the summaries of the missing papers from this group, in the hope that the studies, in their entirety, will be introduced without delay in the scientific circuit.

Muzica nunţilor domneşti

Author(s): Eduard Rusu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 67/2021

The princely court has over time hosted everything that was most important in the country in terms of music. Here you could find a great musical diversity, catalogued according to the specifics of the area, with many foreign influences, taking into account the taste of the princes, who commanded and supported financially different events. Nowhere outside the Court could a greater musical diversity be found, as music was for a long time an attribute of sovereignty, through which its exponents could manifest their pre-eminence. Therefore, the music of princely weddings not only had the role of beautifying the atmosphere, but also was intended to transmit a message of power. In the case of weddings held at the Court, great emphasis was placed on pomp and spectacle, and the examples we have clearly show emphasize that music was one of the elements that made the difference. Considering that in general the matrimonial ties were established with important people from outside the country, proving the power and the wealth was a priority for the Romanian princes. Therefore, in this context we have many testimonies of the presence of musical groups and games (intrinsically linked to music) brought from outside the country, especially from Constantinople, which have the role of proving the power of the prince.

Danii româneşti în favoarea aşezămintelor ortodoxe sud-dunărene. Noi mărturii documentare

Author(s): Gheorghe Lazăr / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 67/2021

La reconstitution de l’aide accordé par les princes roumains, depuis les premiers siècles de l’existence des deux principautés extra-carpatiques et jusqu’au moment de la sécularisation de la richesse des monastères à l’époque d’Alexandre Ioan Cuza (1863), reste encore un objectif à accomplir dans l’historiographie roumaine, bien que les recherches réalisées dans ce sens au cours des dernières décennies soient plus que remarquables et aussi prometteuses. Malgré ces efforts et ces bénéfices historiographiques on trouve encore, dans les archives du pays ou de l’étranger, de nombreux « miettes » documentaires de ce genre qui attendent encore d’être récupérés et qui contribueront sans doute à une meilleure connaissance de cette réalité. Les documents analysés et publiés par l’auteur dans cette étude sont également un témoignage dans cette direction. Ayant comme point de départ les données fournies par les documents au-dessus mentionnées, dans une première section l’auteur reconstitue l’historique des liens entre le monastère de Vlatadon (Thessalonique, Grèce) et Valachie, à partir de l’année 1587 jusqu’au milieu du XVIIIe siècle. Dans la deuxième section, l’auteur offre des détails sur les contacts, inconnus jusqu’au à ce moment dans l’historiographie roumaine, entre la Moldavie et l’établissement monastique – dont l’existence ne semble pas également être connue – de Schepastos / Chepastos, tout près de la ville d’Adrianopol (aujourd’hui Edirne, en Turquie), mise sous le patronage de la Sainte Vendredi. Dans l’annexe de l’étude, l’auteur publie le texte intégral des neuf documents découverts et qui ont été à la base de son analyse.

O technikach tłumaczenia nazw obcych w XVII-wiecznej publicystyce rosyjskiej

Author(s): Dorota Głuszak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 175/2021

The following paper presents techniques that arise in translating nouns of foreign origin in Russian opinion journalism. Translational texts published under the common name of Vesti-Kuranty served as the source. The material for analysis was extracted from all available editions of the manuscripts produced in 1600–1670. The article aims to present selected techniques used by 17th century translators that were meant to serve as prompts for understanding words unknown in Russian at that time and demonstrate different translation solutions aimed at introducing foreign phrases and values.

Rewriting Shakespeare: Discussing Postmodern Drama Elements in Two Feature Film Adaptations of William Shakespeare’s play “The Tempest”

Author(s): Emir Orhan Kılıç,Ezgi Çakır / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2021

This article is going to discuss and compare two film adaptations of William Shakespeare’s classical drama The Tempest (1611). The Tempest (Fırtına, Julie Taymor, 2010) and The Tempest (Fırtına, Derek Jarman, 1979) are considered as two peculiar representations, specifically rewriting gender, race, and power issues the original text dealt with. The Tempest (1611) was chosen for this study because of its uniqueness in Western Drama in terms of mythology, ancient Greek Drama, Latin Drama, Romance, Neoclassicism, and Symbolism, as well as its discussion of modern and universal issues such as gender, race, and power. The time Shakespeare wrote this play coincided with the beginning of English colonialism. In general, it rallies with the classical approaches of tragedy and comedy through combining their elements. The Tempest may be regarded as the initiation of the postcolonial drama. The adaptation of this play for film and theater has been a long process. In our study, film adaptations of Derek Jarman (1979) and Julie Taymor (2010) will be discussed and compared in terms of postmodern film features. The reason for choosing these two films is that both films deal with the same story from two different perspectives of sexual identitiy as queer and feminist. As a result of the findings obtained at the end of the study, it is determined that Shakespeare’s play The Tempest contains themes that center postmodernism and therefore it is a postmodern play. It has been concluded that The Tempest, as a text that can be rewritten in accordance with the socio-cultural position and stance in the historical context, can appeal to the present with its themes and narrative, and that it can be adapted into a postmodern film with its timelessness. While Shakespeare’s The Tempest was rewritten with a queer look in Derek Jarman’s 1979 adaptation, it was seen that the text was rewritten with a feminist discourse and narrative in Julie Taymor’s adaptation.

Osmanlı Türkçesinde Arapça ve Farsça Kökenli Duygu Sözcükleri

Author(s): Ahmet Ferhat Özkan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 71/2021

Emotion researches has gained momentum in many fields of social sciences with the rise of social constructivist perspective which claims emotions are not only biological impulses but also socio-cultural constructs. One of these disciplines, “the history of emotions”, focuses on changes of emotions over time, and their differences in various cultures, with reference to historical texts and literary works to list emotional vocabulary of the language it focuses. In this regard, detecting emotional vocabulary of Turkish language would yield useful results not only for Turkish literature researches but also to track histories of emotions in Turkish. In this respect, it is important to detect the emotion words belonging to another cultural sphere, of which Turkish language in Western field starts to interact from 13th century. This lexicon search tries to identify Arabic and Persian originated “emotion nouns” of Ottoman Turkish from 13th to 19th centuries. For this purpose, Ottoman Turkish – Modern Turkish Dictionary of Ferit Devellioğlu, which is the most extended dictionary of Ottoman Turkish from 13th to 19th centuries, has been looked up item by item, and three hundred and ninety five words which express an emotion or an affect have been found. Afterwords, the vocabulary found in Devellioğlu Sözlük, searched in Kamus-ı Türkî, the most reliable dictionary of Ottoman Turkish for 19th century, to understand whether they still exit or is there any semantic changes. In this process it is aimed to determine the emotional lexicon which is borrowed from Arabic and Persian of Ottoman Turkish from 13th centuries to 19th centuries, and their situations especially in 19th century in which new genres of Turkish literatures emerged.

O roli ortografii w rozumieniu historii

Author(s): Piotr Herbich / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2020