A „mohó farkas” utóda. Egy Kőszegi Habsburg szolgálatban

Author(s): Renáta Skorka / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

The name of count (comes) Iban von Bernstein sounds familiar in both Hungarian and Austrian medieval studies. Yet opinions diverge as to the ties of kinship that linked the count, who stood in the service of the Habsburg dukes from 1339 to 1382, to the famous oligarch, palatine János/ Iván Kőszegi, a person notorious in Austrian, Styrian and Hungarian sources alike. The present paper, alongside making an attempt to solve this problem, also explores the circumstances in which Iban was turned into an infidel and broke with the king of Hungary, and his activities in his new homeland. Moreover, it seeks an answer to the question of what traditions for an alliance with the Habsburg dukes were already at hand within the Kőszegi family, owning extensive lands along the western border of the Hungarian Kingdom, and among the direct ancestors of Iban himself

A város a megyében. A városok a 14. századi megyei és nádori közgyűléseken

Author(s): Boglárka Weisz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 78/2019

Medieval towns in the Kingdom of Hungary did not exist in isolation: they were bound to other towns, to villages in their county and to the society of the whole country at large by complex economic and familial ties and interests. The connection between towns and county or kingdom can be best examined through their participation in the relevant assemblies, especially those where the towns or burghers were litigated even though their urban rights exempted them from their jurisdiction. Despite the scattered evidence, the presence of town representatives is demonstrable in nationwide assemblies of the Angevin kingdom. While the towns used these assemblies to have their rights confirmed or to acquire new ones, and to petition the king with requests, they also provided opportunities for adjudication between a town and out of town entities. Although towns and their resident burghers were both exempt from the jurisdiction of the county palatine – and, as such, from that of the palatinal assembly – this exemption only pertained to their affairs as burghers. As soon as they entered the ranks of landed nobility through the acquisition of lands out of town, they were no longer entitled to use their exemption in matters relating to these – if they suffered grievances, it was not even in their interest to do so. This means that while assemblies could be used to litigate against them, they were also entitled to appeal for legal remedy in matters concerning the town and its burghers, as well as their county properties.At the same time, palatinal and county assemblies were also used by the municipal governing bodies for securing their prerogatives, specifically their customs exemptions, and for obtaining the official approval of the county (or counties) participating in the given assembly. In addition, they also brought unlawful customs collection cases to court. Although all the surviving evidence is of cases concerning the customs exemption in the given county, it is justifiable to suggest that they took action at these assemblies also in cases where their country-wide customs exemption was violated. In the event of such violations, although they could voice their complaints at country-level assemblies, it is likely that they did so at least in their home county, or, in case of palatinal assembly, in a neighboring county.

A VERGILIUS- ÉS DANTE-SZOBOR FELAVATÁSÁRA

Author(s): István Borzsák / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2006

A Weak Dominance: Winds of Revolt in Florentine Territory (the Second Half of the Fourteenth Century)

Author(s): Paolo Pirillo / Language(s): English Issue: 119/2019

This article highlights some of the challenges the nascent Florentine territorial state faced in the second half of the fourteenth century, after it was visited with the Great Plague of 1348. When mercenaries began to cross the territory, and the ruling class found itself unable to handle this kind of emergency, the exurban population turned to forms of self-defence. These initiatives resemble the coeval ones undertaken by the Tuchins in Normandy or those in Languedoc and southern Piedmont.

Abdallik Geleneği Ve Günümüz Abdallari

Author(s): Pınar ŞAHİN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 53/2022

The universe, human imaginations and the musical worlds that reflect this imagination, the Abdal society and poet musicians belonging to the minstrel tradition transferred from Central Asia to Anatolia appear as very important important figures in Anatolian culture. The connections of the Anatolian Abdals, who adhere to the Alevi-Bektashi tradition and adopt a nomadic-traveler lifestyle, with music go back to the 14th century. Today's Abdal ensembles, which put music on the basis of their lives, should be accepted as a part of both the Abdalân-ı Rum tradition and the tradition of minstrelsy. Abdals' relationship with music is more important in religious rituals and belief traditions. This study is a descriptive research; emphasizing the importance of Abdal culture and its musical traditions; It contributes to the continuation of the Abdal culture and reveals the general characteristics of this culture. In addition to the literature studies conducted while determining the findings of the study; Abdal culture and the field of music were examined together, and he showed an approach to the subject under various headings.

ABENTEUERLICHER HERRSCHER ODER GÜTIGER PATRON?

Author(s): Elek Benkő / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2008

The fragments of a very fragmentary inscribed tombstone depicting an armed knight were found in the one-time Cistercian monastery of Pilis at Pilisszentkereszt (Pest county) during László Gerevich’s excavations (1967–1982). As certain fragments were uncovered in the debris heaped in the shaft of grave no. 59 in the centre of the chapter-house, the tombstone was associated with this grave (L. Gerevich). The man lying in the grave was identified as Robert de Courtenay (†1228), Andrew II’s wife Yolande de Courtenay’s brother, who was elected Byzantine Latin emperor then he was expelled and died at an unknown place (I. Takács). The author reviews the finding circumstances of the fragments and determines from radiocarbon measurements that there could be no direct contact between the late medieval body found in the centrally placed grave no. 59 of the chapter-house and the tombstone. The arguments that were raised to link the tombstone with Robert de Courtenay are not acceptable either: if he was ever buried in the medieval Hungary, his grave could rather be in the Cistercian monastery of Egres (to date Agriş, Romania) where Yolande de Courtenay was also buried. A secular nobleman must have been buried under the Pilis tombstone who could play an important role in the establishment of the monastery in the 13th century and who is called precium comitum (the most eminent of comites) in the very fragmentary inscription. There are no realistic data that would suggest that the pit of a heart burial was beside grave no. 59 in Pilis as it is suggested in the archaeological literature. This feature must have had a different function in the center of the chapter-house (foundation of a lectorium or a judicium).

About the interpretation and purpose of the charter issued by Bishop of Eger for burghers of Košice in 1290

Author(s): Drahoslav Magdoško / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

According to the charter issued by Andrew, Bishop of Eger, the Košice burghers were exempted from jurisdiction of Archdeacon of Abaujvár in 1290. Circumstances connected to its origin and then comparison with other charters containing similar privilege seem to be essential factors leading to better understanding of the source. Hereby a very detailed analysis of the text might say more to explain its meaning. Therefore, the cognoscible context of exemptions with the examination of circumstances leading to the issuance of the charter in 1290, along with consideration of the words written in the text, encourage the opinion that the burghers of Košice had been exempted from jurisdiction of Abaujvár´s Archdeacon even before. The Bishop´s charter seems to be only a confirmation of the right allowed earlier, which was a common phenomenon in the towns (or in the communities of guests) of the Hungarian Kingdom.

Abrahám Rufus – spoločenské postavenie, vojenské zásluhy a majetková doména (1278/1291 – 1326). Etnický a sociálny pôvod Abraháma Rufusa

Author(s): Zdenko Gálik / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2018

The author deals with Abraham Rufus, one of the biggest landowners in the area of present southwestern Slovakia. He observes his fast career promotion, military merit and loyal services to the Hungarian king Andrew III. during his fights against both domestic and foreign enemies of the Hungarian kingdom in the end of 13th century. He also observes the relationship of Abraham Rufus to Matthew Czak. In his services Rufus presents himself as a loyal familiar. The author searches the property domain of Abraham Rufus, tries to reconstruct his relatives, mentions the ranks he achieved during the reign of Andrew III. The atention is focused on the relationship between the king Charles Robert and Abraham Rufus. In the conclusion of his study the author observes the division of Abraham Rufus´s property among his four sons as well as the way they dealt with the property they were left.

ABU HAYYAN AL-GARNATI - GRAMATIČAR I MUFESSIR

Author(s): Amira Trnka-Uzunović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2011

Abu Hayyan lived at the turn of the 13th to the 14th century and is one of the most significant representatives of the late Andalus grammarian school. After he had used what Al-Andalus of that time could offer to him. Led by a strong desire to learn, he went to the East. After he had visited many countries in the East, he settled in Cairo, where he spent the rest of his life studying and teaching others.

Accepțiunile termenului de registrum în Transilvania secolului al XIV-lea

Author(s): Mihai Olaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: LVIII/Sup/2019

The study explores several meanings of the term registrum as rendered by the 14th century Transylvanian sources. In addition to the common meaning of register of documents, „registrum” also designated list of outlaws, list of fines, and a letter comprising a listing (of land boundaries, expenses and acts of an individual). In spite of the wide diversity in terms of size, issuer, content and purpose, all these documents had in common the idea of enumeration. Registrum, in all these meanings, is recorded in the 14th century, although the first meaning – register of documents – is recorded already from the second half of the 13th century at Oradea. The study concludes that the emergence and the increasing number of mentions of documents called „registrum” was influenced by the same complex factors which determined the development of written culture in medieval Hungary, especially during the Angevin period: the practical value of the written documents, the growing number of literate people, and the need of institutions and officials to have a more accurate record of their activities.

Activitatea Ordinului Fraților Minori în Transilvania (sec. XIII-XVI). Ediții de documente și surse inedite

Author(s): Ioana Terezia Pop / Language(s): Romanian Issue: LVIII/Sup/2019

The present study aims to indicate the documents related to the activity of the Order of the Friars Minors in Transylvania within the period between the arrival of the Order in the Kingdom of Hungary and the year 1600. Firstly, there are highlighted texts that were found within the volumes of documents that appeared on Romanian territory over time. Secondly, fifteen unpublished original documents, regarding the mission of the Friars Minor in Transylvania are analyzed. These sources were found due to the project regarding the digitization of medieval documents from the National Archives of Romania. At the same time, along with these two approaches are proposed two volumes of documents, coming from the Italian and Hungarian space, which sum up only texts regarding the activity of the Friars Minor. At the end of the study, taking the example of these initiatives, this question arises: To what extent could be produced a volume of documents that contain only texts regarding the activity of the Order in Romania?

ACTIVITIES OF DOMINICAN AND AUGUSTINIAN MISSIONARIES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE SAFAVID EMPIRE: INTERRELIGIOUS EXCHANGES AND CHALLENGES

Author(s): Gunay Heydarli / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2020

The Dominican and Augustinian missionary orders penetrating into the Safavid lands, got special privileges from the Safavid kings and managed to build churches and monasteries here. These priests played an important role in translating the Bible and compiling dictionaries. Bartholomew of Podio and John of Florence who came to Azerbaijan in the 14th century, learned Turkish and Persian while in Italy. Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, who visited Nakhchivan in 1650, describes in his travelogue that Latinization had so thoroughly penetrated this remote corner of Christianity that the Eastern Community of the Safavid Empire chanted the Dominican songs in Latin and offered the Latin Mass. Relacao Verdadeira (True Connection), a valuable source on the activities of the Augustinians in the territory of the Safavid Empire of Azerbaijan describes the visit of Shah Abbas I to the Church of St.Augustine in December 1608 together with the courtiers: “The beautifully decorated floor is covered with carpets and various aromatic substances (incenses) are burnt in church. The church is equipped with organs and other musical instruments. There are various divine paintings depicted on the altar of the Church: Paintings of the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ – Our Savior. The choir plays local Portuguese music.” The main purpose of this research is to study the role of the Dominican and Augustinian Churches in intercultural and interreligious relations. On the other hand, the presence of Catholics among the Muslim population changed the attitude of Shah Abbas I to the churches. The Shia clerics complained about missionaries that the Augustinians sent about 5,000-7,000 people to Hormuz to become Catholic. The Englishman Thomas Herbert visited the Safavid lands in 1627. His travelogue describes the churches and the espionage activities of the clergy. It is important to note that there were also priests who converted to Islam among Augustinians. One of the purposes of our study is to shed light on the causes of the conflict between Catholic missionaries and the Safavid population based on the sources of the period.

Adalék két latin szó (accessio, abscessio) hazai középkori előfordulásához

Author(s): Ilona Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2014

Addenda et corrigenda

Author(s): Ştefan Andreescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXXVII/2019

Din vremea lui Basarab I;O ipoteză în discuție;O scrisoare a misionarului Antonio Angelini di Campi;Hramul mănăstirii Tutana;Despre Udriște Năsturel; Un convoi venețian în Marea Neagră; La „dosarul” originii lui Mihai Viteazul; O însemnare a lui Udriște Năsturel; Un episod din viața lui Petru Cercel ;Duca vodă și Ucraina.

Admisje notarialne w diecezji płockiej u schyłku średniowiecza

Author(s): Ewa Kobylińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2017

The article presents the ways of granting 73 notarial admissions by the bishops and officials of Płock in the years 1448–1525 and the practice of registering this fact in their offices. It also deals with the creation of notaries and Comes and Vice-Comes persons mentioned in the admissions. Besides, it discusses the admitted notaries public – their social and territorial background, university education, family relations and the course of their career. The conducted studies show that the greatest role among the admitted was played by the Mazovian gentry, first of all in the western part of the Płock diocese and the central part of the Warsaw archdiaconate. The education of notaries public admitted in Płock was comparable to that represented by notaries from other dioceses. They obtained church beneficies in Mazovia relatively often. There, they were active as the clergy of the chapter and the parishes, as well as notaries or teachers. In particular, the present article emphasizes the role of social relations in notarial admission and their effect on further career. The text is complemented with the data base including all discovered information concerning the people who gained the right to perform notarial functions in the Płock diocese and a reproduction of admission entries, which in the majority of cases make it possible to find out the type duct of particular notaries public.

ADRIAN JUSUPOVIĆ, KRONIKA HALICKO-WOŁYŃSKA (KRONIKA ROMANOWICZÓW) W LATOPISARSKIEJ KOLEKCJI HISTORYCZNEJ

Author(s): Jonathan Shepard / Language(s): English Issue: 4 (en)/2020

Review of: Jonathan Shepard - Adrian Jusupović, Kronika halicko-wołyńska (Kronika Romanowiczów) w latopisarskiej kolekcji historycznej [The Halych-Volhynian Chronicle in the Annalistic Historical Tradition], Cracow: Avalon; Warsaw: Instytut Historii PAN, 2019, 204 pp. (with illustrations)

Affari legali Veneziani a Cattaro nel XIV secolo

Author(s): Nevenka Bogojević-Gluščević / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1-2/2016

Based on archival material, the author addresses the issue of the presence and possible influence of the Venetians on the legal and economic life of the 14th century Kotor. Special attention has been paid to their legal influence, overseas wholesale trade, healthcare and crafts in the city. The study has been divided into seven sections. The first two sections following the introduction examine the legal impact that the Venetian notaries performing this service in Kotor could have had on the creation of medieval Kotor statutory law. Since they were educated at Italian universities from which they had knowledge of the rules on the received Roman law and legal standards of notarial documents and their significance,it is important to examine the degree of this influence in terms of both normativity and application. The fourth section deals with the contribution of Venetian merchants to the economic power of the town, which was,among other things, based on the overseas wholesale trade with influential Venetian trading families, thanks to which Kotor was known as one of the most important ports in the east Adriatic. The fifth part features an analysis of numerous contracts shedding light on the private practice of Venetian doctors, notaries, and craftsmen and their contribution to life in general in the town. Section 6 deals with an analysis of litigations conducted in Kotor concerning failure to comply with contractual obligations to Venetians and explains them in the context of the application of ius commune, which was the legal basis for all statutory rights of the medieval communes in the Mediterranean.

Agnieszka Teterycz-Puzio, Konrad I Mazowiecki. Kniaź wielki lacki (1187/89 — 31 sierpnia 1247)

Author(s): Marian Dygo / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2019

Review of: Marian Dygo - Agnieszka Teterycz-Puzio, Konrad I Mazowiecki. Kniaź wielki lacki (1187/89 — 31 sierpnia 1247), Kraków 2019, Avalon, ss. 267

Agricultura la est și sud de Carpați în sec. IX-XIV

Author(s): Ștefan Olteanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/1974

Using a series of historical and archaeological data, as well as an extensive bibliography, the author begins his study devoted to the investigation of the problem of Romanian agriculture during the 9th-14th centuries

Akar, Ali (2018). Oğuzların Dili Eski Anadolu Türkçesine Giriş

Author(s): Mustafa Karataş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 59/2018

Review of: AKAR, Ali (2018). Oğuzların Dili Eski Anadolu Türkçesine Giriş,İstanbul: Ötüken Yayınları, ISBN 978-605-155-718-2, 335 p. Review by: Mustafa Karataş