Българо-босненски династически бракове през XIV век

Author(s): Sashka Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

The history of the marriage diplomacy between the Bulgarian kingdom and Bosnia is particularly short and this is not surprising, considering the fact that the two Balkan nations never shared a border. However, they seem to have had common interests and the will to accomplish them with common efforts, the marriage alliance between the ruling dynasties speaking for that. The interdynastic marriages are only two, both of them occurring in the 14th century – in 1329 and in 1374. In both cases Bulgarian princesses were sent to the Bosnian ruling house. In both cases the rulers from the most prominent dynasties of both countries were intermarried – the Asen dynasty from the Bulgarian side and the Kotromanić from the Bosnian side. In the first case, the Bulgarian king Michael III Shishman Asen got intermarried with ban Stephen II Kotromanić by sending him his relative as a wife, and in the second one – the Vidin Tsar Ivan Sratsimir got intermarried to one of the most prominent Bosnian rulers Tvrtko I – ban of Bosnia, later also king of Serbia and Bosnia, who got married to Ivan Sratsimir’s daughter, Doroteya. The first marriage was most certainly concluded on the initiative of the Bulgarian ruler and was indicative of the expanded diplomatic horizon of Michael Shishman. The interdynastic marriage joined in affinity the rulers of the two countries, which at the time of the wedding were an enmity with Serbia located between them. Apparently, it was a guarantee for an anti-Serbian military alliance and was a part of the big diplomatic preparation, carried out by Michael Shishman before his decisive clash with Serbia, which for decades expanded its territory in the Macedonia region, at the expense of lands inhabited by Bulgarians. Bosnia, which was located in the rear of the of Serbs, could play a key role in the major offensive against king Stephen Dechanski, planned by the Bulgarian ruler. As an idea, the Bulgarian-Bosnian military alliance, fastened by a dynastic marriage, can definitely be considered a successful move of the marital diplomacy of this ruler. Unfortunately, however, the Bulgarian-Serbian war was ended with the first battle and the death of the Bulgarian Tsar, which made the marriage between Stephen II Kotromanić and the Bulgarian princess politically irrelevant only a year after their wedding. The marriage of Tvrtko I and Doroteya, although part of the history of the Bulgarian-Bosnian interdynastic marriages, is not actually part of the marital diplomacy of the Bulgarian ruler Ivan Sratsimir, since it was concluded on the initiative and for the purposes of the Hungarian ruler Ludovik I the Great. Still, as a result of this marriage, the Bulgarian princess Doroteya left her name in the Bosnian history as the first queen of this Balkan country.

Завещанието на мелнишкия митрополит Павел Клавдиополит – важен исторически извор от началото на ХІІІ век

Author(s): Elena Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

The testament of the Melnik metropolitan bishop Paul Klaudiopolites is a valuable source, dating from the beginning of the 13th century (May 1216, indiction 4th). This document contains rich information, which helps to establish few main topics and to cover different subjects in regards to Melnik’s past. Paul Klaudiopolites’s testament is among the earliest written documents concerning the history of the city and its ruler. In the first place, this is chronologically the earliest preserved written document regarding the history of Melnik Monastery of the Holy Mother of God Spelaiotissa. Together with important data about the past of this medieval cloister, the source also provides information about the Metropolitan Church of St. Nicholas. The testament also contributes to a clearer and more detailed image of Despot Alexius Slav’s personality and also of the history and development of his capital, Melnik. Last but not least, the document has a direct relation to the church history of Slav’s capital and describes the elevation of Melnik’s eparchy to metropolitan status. The source is also a proof that Paul Klaudiopolites was most likely the first abbot of the Monastery of the Holy Mother of God Spelaiotissa. The same person later became the first metropolitan bishop of Melnik.

Czy można wypełnić dwa obowiązki podczas jednej mszy świętej?

Author(s): Piotr Kroczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2014

The problem can be stated in the following question: Can a faithful fulfill two obligations of assisting at Mass on one Mass? The regulations are to be applied to answer the difficulty come mainly from two canons of 1983 Code of Canon Law: can. 1247 and can. 1248 § 1. Clarifying the problem the paper describes the canons and interprets norms that come from them. The conclusion is that although law allows to give two quite opposite answers to the question, for practical and for pastoral reasons there must be only one obliging response given by the competent ecclesiastical authority. It would be appropriate if diocesan bishop clearly pronounced what behavior is obliging in his diocese in the matter. Christ’s faithful have the right to know unmistakable what they are expected to do.

Rzymska liturgia stacyjna

Author(s): Janusz Mieczkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

The papal stational liturgy in Rome was a particular kind of worship service from the Christian Antiquity to the XIV century. Its essential elements are four. Its always took place under the leadership of the pope or his representative. This form of liturgy was mobile: it was celebrated in different basilicas or churches of Rome. Third, the choice of church depended on the feast, liturgical seasons or commemoration being celebrated. Fourth, the stational liturgy was the urban liturgical celebration of the day. The highpoint of this system was Lent. Throughout the entire system Church of Rome manifested its own unity. The station was usually the Pope’s solemn mass in the stational church for the whole city. But on certain days in the year the Pope went in another church (collecta), from which a solemn procession was made to the stational church.

„Niewiasta obleczona w słońce” (Ap 12, 1) w interpretacji dominikanów XIII wieku

Author(s): Bogusław Kochaniewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2012

The analysis of the Dominican writings of 13th century allowed to formulate the following conclusions. The interpretation of the text Rev 12 : 1 in the Dominican preaching is richer than previously thought. Apart from the ecclesiological and Marian perspectives they reveal a new way of interpretation: the symbol of the apocalyptic woman clothed with the sun is referred to the saints. It is also necessary to point out a wide range of meanings attributed to the image, the object of our analysis. The symbols of sun and moon had been read in light of the antithesis of the passing of time and eternity or of the other antithetical parallel: Christ and the Church. Reflected in this perspective, Mary has been shown not only in the mystery of the Assumption, but also as a mediatrix interceding for the people of God at the side of his Son. The bright robe, with which was clothed the apocalyptic woman, revealed either glorious body of Mary, either her whole person (the soul and body), participating in God’s glory. While the crown of twelve stars refers not only to the legions of angels and saints that surround Mary, but also to the spiritual virtues and the gifts that characterize the figure of Our Lady. Finally, it is necessary to add an unusual interpretation of the image of woman clothed with the sun in the light of the mystery of the Incarnation.

Conjugal Violence and The Ideological Construction of Byzantine Marriage

Author(s): Charis Messis,Anthony Kaldellis / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

This article offers the first exploration of the role of conjugal violence in Byzantium, considering its use (and sometimes approval) as a mechanism for enforcing normative social roles as well as its representation in literary texts that seek to recuperate a damaged social order or subvert an illegitimate one. We focus on the norms encoded in Byzantine law and then offer a preliminary but wide-ranging survey of episodes from hagiography and historiography which illustrate how the Byzantines thought about this issue. The paper includes both physical and psychological forms of violence, and does not neglect the rarer cases of victimization of the man by his spouses. The Byzantine conception of such violence was malecentric and women were subject to it as “naturally” inferior beings, but there were times when they could inflict it too.

The Term τρισκατάρατος in Byzantine and Serbian Medieval Literature

Author(s): Dragoljub Marjanović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The starting point of this paper is the account of a council against heretics which was held by the Serbian grand zhupan Stefan Nemanja in his dominions in the late 12th century Serbia. Later, in the first half of the 13th century, Nemanja’s son and hagiographer, the first crowned king Stefan Nemanjić utilized a specific technical term “thrice-accursed” (τρισκατάρατος – трьклет) in his account of the council that was convened. Our aim is to present the levels of cultural and literary traditions which were transmitted from various Byzantine literary genres, which stem from the attic oratory as far as the 4th century B.C. (Demosthenes’ Oration against Aristogeiton), through the literary works of the rhetor Lucian the Sophist in the second century A.D., and which later entered Byzantine tradition through pseudo-Chrysostomian works, and the liturgical and historiographical texts of authors such as Romanos Melodos, George the Monk, and Constantine Manasses. We aim to present both the development in the meaning of the term thrice-accursed in its long historical path from Demosthenes to Manasses, its shift from ancient pagan to Christian semantics and thus utilization in various genres of Byzantine literature, and finally its influence on the genre of Serbian medieval hagiography, especially in the works of Stefan the First-Crowned and archbishop Danilo II in his Lives of Serbian kings and archbishops.

Review of: Miller, Timothz S. and John W. Nesbitt. 2014.

Author(s): Tomasz Labuk / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Güvenç Abdal Ocaklilari Adli Çalişma Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Medine Sivri / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 80/2014

13. yüzyılda, Hacı Bektaş Veli’nin Horasan’dan Anadolu’ya gelişi, Anadolu kültür ve tarihi için bir milat özelliği taşımaktadır. Hacı Bektaş Veli, Hoca Ahmed Yesevi Dergâhı’nda eğitim almış, Lokman Perende tarafından yetiştirilmiş, erenler yolunun temsilciliğini yapmak üzere Anadolu’ya gönderilmiştir. Hacı Bektaş Veli’den Anadolu’yu irşat etmesi ve dervişleriyle burayı yurt tutması istenmiştir. Nitekim Hacı Bektaş Veli de Anadolu’ya gelmiş ve Sulucakarahöyük adlı bir Çepni-Türkmen köyüne yerleşmiştir. Sulucakarahöyük, bugünkü Hacıbektaş ilçesi olup Anadolu’nun tam ortasında bulunmaktadır. Hacı Bektaş Veli’nin Sulucakarahöyük’e yerleşmesi de tam bir stratejik tercihtir. Anadolu topraklarının kuzey, güney, doğu ve batı noktalarına eşit mesafede bulunan ve Anadolu’nun tam ortasında yer alan Sulucakarahöyük, zaman içerisinde Anadolu coğrafyasının en önemli inanç-irfan merkezlerinden biri olmuştur. Hacı Bektaş Veli, Sulucakarahöyük’te bir dergâh açmış ve burada yüzlerce derviş yetiştirmiştir. Hacı Bektaş Veli Dergâhı’nda yetişen dervişler farklı bölgelere gönderilerek, Alevi-Bektaşi inancının temsilciliğini yapmakla görevlendirilmişlerdir.

Crkva bosanska

Author(s): Dubravko Lovrenović,Srećko M. Džaja / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 38-39/2009

Stvarni identitet Crkve bosanske dovodili su u pitanje već njezini suvremeni protivnici, a od 19. st. nacionalno motivirana historiografija te je srednjovjekovne politički motivirane objede nekritički prihvaćala kao pouzdana povijesna svjedočanstva do te mjere da se o njoj sve do druge polovice 20. st. pisalo ne pod njezinim stvarnim imenom kojim se ona sama nazivala (Crkva bosanska!), nego pod imenom bogumila i patarena (Božidar Petranović, Franjo Rački etc.).

ROMI-EGIPĆANI U ULCINJU

Author(s): Maksut Dž. Hadžibrahimović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 48-49/2010

Prvi koji je na osnovu ciganskoga jezika naglasio pravo porijeklo Cigana* bio je Ridiger, njemački lingvista, profesor na Univerzitetu u Halenu. On je, naime, tvrdio da su Cigani porijeklom iz prednje Indije. Ubrzo za njim, ovu je misao još bolje utvrdio Grelman, njemački kulturni istoričar, profesor na Univerzitetu u Getingenu. On je, na osnovu fizičkih srodnosti, analogije u običajima, identičnosti korijena u izvjesnim riječima i gramatičkih oblika, nesumnjivo dokazao indijsko porijeklo Cigana. Grelmanovo tvrđenje dobijalo je sve više pristalica, dok ga nijesu prihvatili i potpuno utvrdili naučnici, kakvi su bili Pot i Miklošić (J. C. C. Rudiger; H. M. G. Grellmann; A. F. Pott i F. Miklosich).

Zaključak

Author(s): Dubravko Lovrenović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 34-35/2004

Kompleksnost odnosa između ugarske i bosanske krune u razdoblju njihova najintenzivnijeg sučeljavanja, ali i najtješnje suradnje (1387-1463), nalaže da se u formuliranju zaključnih razmatranja opredijelimo za modelski princip, jer se kroz njegovu prizmu najefikasnije mogu izbjeći zamke što ih u pravilu postavlja historiografski kampanilizam - fokusiranje na detalj s gubljenjem iz vida cjeline - koji je ostavio duboke ožiljke u izučavanju ove teme.

Mısır’a Uygulanan Haçlı Ekonomik Ambargosu Karşısında Çerkes Memlûkleri

Author(s): Faiz Ali Bahit / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2015

Bu çalışma, Çerkes Memlûk Devleti’ni zayıflatmak için çeşitli yöntemler uygulayan Haçlı kuvvetleri karşısında ayakta kalan Çerkes Memlûk Devleti tarihinin önemli bir yönünü aydınlatmayı amaçlar. Kullanılan en bariz yöntem, Memlûkler üzerinde Haçlı ekonomik ambargosunun dayatılması olmuştur.

Pavao Anđelić, Bobovac i Kraljeva Sutjeska. Stolna mjesta bosanskih vladara u XIV i XV stoljeću, Sarajevo Publishing, Sarajevo, 2004, 329 str.

Author(s): Kristijan Montina / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1+2/2006

Review of: Pavao Anđelić "Bobovac i Kraljeva Sutjeska. Stolna mjesta bosanskih vladara u XIV i XV stoljeću"; Sarajevo Publishing, Sarajevo, 2004, 329 p. by: Kristijan Montina

Duga agonija: sjena jednog carstva

Author(s): Christian Hainzinger / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1+2/2009

Na zlatom i biserima urešenom bijelcu jaše Bizantinac u pozlaćenom ruhu. Mora da je blistava raskoš bizantskog poslanstva Talijanima izgledala kao iz nekog drugog svijeta. Ipak i oni su znali da su tada u njihov grad ujahali predstavnici svijeta na izdisaju, koji su stigli s očajničkom molbom za pomoć. Osim toga je blještavilo carske povorke uglavnom bilo blef: mnogi dragulji su bili od stakla, zlato je često bilo samo naneseno na drvenu podlogu, a boravak Bizantinaca u Firenzi financirali su Medici.

Religiozna pučka knjiga: "zlatna legenda" Jakoba od Voragina

Author(s): Britta Quebbemann / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1+2/2010

Review of: Jacobus de Voragine "Golden legend"; (1298) by: Britta Quebbemann

Između osmanske vlasti i katoličke časti

Author(s): Božidar Štrkalj / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1+2/2013

U povijesti Bosne i Hercegovine bilo je nekoliko događaja koji su imali veliki utjecaj ne samo na njezine žitelje, nego i na okolne narode i države. Jedan od njih je pogubljenje posljednjega bosanskog kralja Stjepana Tomaševića i pad Bosne po Osmansku vlast 1463. godine. Iako se ova godina navodi kao pad Bosne pod Osmansku vlast, Osmanlije su puno ranije, skoro čitavo stoljeće, bili prisutni na ovim područjima. Prije dolaska Osmanlija Bosansko je kraljevstvo bilo u političkom, kulturnom i gospodarskom razvoju. To posebno vrijedi za vrijeme vladanja kralja Tvrtka I. (1353-1391). On je iskoristio krizu Ugarsko-Hrvatskog Kraljevstva i proširio svoje kraljevstvo. Bosna je tada imala najveći teritorij u svojoj povijesti i bila najmoćnija država na zapadu Balkana.

Prognanik u “Pakao”

Author(s): Fra Fabio Badrov / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1+2/2015

Dante Alighieri označio je prekretnicu u europskoj književnosti. On još uvijek nije raskinuo veze sa srednjim vijekom, a nije ni ušao u renesansu. Njegova se veličina ogleda u snažnoj simbiozi književnog, političkog, znanstvenog i vjerničkog (kršćanskog) djelovanja. Vraća se klasičnoj starini kao nepresušnom vrelu iz kojega crpi nadahnuća za svoj rad. Neki čvrsto zagovaraju tezu da Europa nakon antike nije iznjedrila većih književnih gromada od Dantea i Shakespearea.

Krivovjerje i krivomjerje

Author(s): Fra Silvano Di Benedetto / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1+2/2015

Sloboda govora i mišljenja temom je i današnjeg suvremenog društva. Koliko god ona bila naglašavana i neosporavana, ipak se i danas u kojekakvim oblicima događa zabrana govora i javnih nastupa. Danas podijeljena mišljenja ne završavaju pobjedom i trijumfom jedne strane i osudom na lomači s druge strane, ali završava verbalnom osudom onoga koji “nije smio govoriti”. Osude za tvrdnje i javno mišljenje u prošlosti su bile puno brutalnije, ali su način i logika osuđivanja i danas gdjegod slični onom načinu i logici u dalekoj prošlosti.

Anthropomorphic Representations on Medieval Rings in Serbia

Author(s): Vesna Manojlović-Nikolić / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2016

Jewellery represents a very indicative and chronologically sensitive type of archaeological material, expressing the fashion and style of a certain period, and certain examples have characteristics related to specific cultures and indicating ethnic affiliation of persons wearing it. Medieval rings, just like jewellery in general, represented an integral part of the traditional garb as well as a decorative piece that an individual carried in life and was often buried with it too. Their unchanging shape makes them the most conservative piece of jewellery, which has retained the same form until the present time. What varied through time/space were materials the rings were made of, the quality of production, the choice of motives and also the appearance of the hoop and the shape of the head of the ring. This paper offers an analysis of medieval rings with anthropomorphic representations. According to the number of figures represented on the head of the ring, two groups are distinguished: rings with one or with two human figures. With respect to the elements represented alongside the figure defining it more precisely, the first group includes rings with warriors and holy warriors. With respect to the variations in compositions with two figures, we can distinguish four groups of rings: the ones with a cross between human figures; the ones with hands raised in the act of benediction; the ones with a halo; the ones without a halo around the figures’ heads. The rings are dated back to the 12th century and the first decades of the 13th century. According to results of archaeological research, they are mostly found on necropoles in Eastern Serbia. Similar to the most of the rings from this period, they belong to the Byzantine cultural circle, i.e. they imitate Byzantine models, and certain examples can be linked to the strengthening of Christianity among the Slav populations of the Balkans.