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Lekarz potrzebny od zaraz? Wizerunek medialny zagranicznych medyków w polskiej prasie

Author(s): Olga Kurek-Ochmańska,Monika Struck-Peregończyk,Iwona Leonowicz-Bukała,Kamil Łuczaj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

In Poland, on average, there are 2.4 doctors per 1,000 population (Eurostat 2020), and thus Poland ranks last in the European Union in terms of the number of doctors per capita (OECD 2019). The data on the number of nurses and midwives look similarly unfavourable. This problem seems to be highly pressing in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemiological crisis, which additionally exposed staff shortages in Polish health care and somehow “forced” the authorities to take action to fill these gaps with the help of foreign medics. The emergence of such a category of migrants may arouse contradictory emotions as, despite the obvious need to employ them, the attitude towards newcomers currently polarises Polish society. The aim of this article is to analyse the media representations of highly qualified migrant medics (doctors and nurses) who decided to live and work in Poland. The article explains how the media coverage creates the image of various groups of highly qualified medical migrants in Poland and what factors influence this image. The analysis results show that the image of foreign doctors has not yet been sufficiently recorded in the media, but with the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic there has been a growing interest in this issue. However, the migration of workers in the medical sector is analysed mainly in the context of staff shortages in the health service, and the descriptions are usually not accompanied by strong emotions towards migrants.

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Uwarunkowania prawno-ustrojowe pomocy społecznej w Polsce na szczeblu samorządowym

Author(s): Jacek Wojnicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2021

The subject of the analysis is to show the legal and systemic conditions of social assistance in the Polish state at the local government level. It will show the evolution of the social functions of the state and contemporary legal regulations. The place and role of local government administration in performing tasks in the field of social policy, especially on the basis of the Act of 2004, was indicated. Two basic research methods were used: institutional-legal and historicaldescriptive analysis, and to a lesser extent also a comparative method. The main research question is; how the legal conditions in the Polish state evolved, with particular emphasis on local administration.

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Uwarunkowania odpłatności za pobyt mieszkańca w domu pomocy społecznej - analiza administracyjnoprawna

Author(s): Wojciech Glac / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2021

The legislator in Art. 61 of the Act on Social Assistance, established a catalog of entities obliged to bear the costs of an inhabitant’s stay in the Nursing Home. The resident himself was indicated among those obliged to do so, and then family members, i.e. the spouse and ascendants before the descendants, as well as the commune from which the person was referred to this facility. The administration body conducts proceedings to determine the amount of the fee, and the legal title to bear it remains the concluded contract or administrative decision. This specific dualism raises important concerns in the practice of applying the law, which are indicated by administrative courts in their judgments. This article is an attempt to analyze the views from the jurisprudence.

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Obowiązek szczęśliwej pracy? Koncepcja usług sąsiedzkich Jules’a Gazona

Author(s): Maciej D. Kryszczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2021

We present the forgotten theory of neighborhood services developed by Jules Gazon. Gazon’s concept is known to some humanist economists in Poland, although it has not been included in the broader debate on the shape and meaning of social employment policy in the 21st century. From a European perspective, Jules Gazon has outlined the direction and defined the conditions under which a certain program of activities can be implemented, which could be called a “solidarity model of the social economy”. It is a project for the organization of the social employment system that combines professional activation, employment policy and welfare protection of the state. According to Gazon’s initial assumptions, neither traditional forms of social welfare nor free-market laissezfaire provide an ethically satisfactory solution to the problem of unemployment and the related problems of social exclusion or economic inequalities. The argument is based on the methodical analysis of the documentation of many macroeconomic studies, which – apart from traditional measures of changes in the economic situation – also refer to new conditions caused by the processes of capital flow globalization, technological progress and local conditions of labor markets, i.e. the scope of interventionism or the developed standard of living of citizens of individual countries. The key to a different way of thinking about the labor market is the idea that the subject of this market is not a commodity, as in the case of the goods and services market, but precisely a (holistically understood) human being, whose role cannot be reduced to the operation of a simple market mechanism.

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Social Law Instruments for Counteracting Mistreatment and Victimization of Elderly and Dependent People

Author(s): Daniel Eryk Lach / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

The subject of this paper is to establish risk factors which make elderly and dependent people vulnerable to different forms of mistreatment and victimization. Therefore, firstly there will be presented different forms of mistreatment or abuse, including some crimes, and risk factors of mistreatment and victimization. Secondly, against this background Author will identify social law instruments, which may minimize the impact of those factors.

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Special Education for Students with Special Needs (Mobility Disabilities and Deafness): Mitigation of Future Integration Difficulties in Society and in the Labour Market

Author(s): Panagiotis Skaras / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This study focuses on the education and rehabilitation of individuals with disabilities, specifically children with deafness or motor skill abnormalities. The aim is to understand the biological profile of these conditions, to analyze their psychological impact, and to explore potential avenues for recovery and rehabilitation. The paper also emphasizes the importance of providing equal rights and opportunities for individuals with disabilities, ensuring their integration into society, and facilitating their access to education, employment, and social services. Furthermore, the study examines the barriers faced by people with disabilities in the labour market, and proposes strategies for their successful integration. A six-month intervention programme is implemented, the effectiveness of which is evaluated through the measurement of various parameters using psychiatric assessment scales. The research problem consists in determining whether the observed differences in the parameters can be attributed to the intervention or to natural variation in random samples.

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Приложение на коучинг подхода в социалнопедагогическата работа с деца в риск

Author(s): Yonko Hristov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

This article examines the effectiveness of the coaching approach in the social and pedagogical work with children at risk. Coaching can be an effective means of supporting disadvantaged children by helping them to develop their skills, self-esteem, and motivation. Specific examples of its application are presented, as well as evidence of the successful outcome. The challenges that may arise when applying the coaching approach in working with children at risk are analyzed, and ways to overcome them are proposed.

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Наталитет – бреме жена у Србиjи

Author(s): Dragana Pejović / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2023

Serbia has been facing a negative birth rate for several decades. The demographic problem also consists in the outflow of the population in search of better living conditions. In order to encourage women to have children, the state passed the Law on Financial Support to Families with Children, which significantly increased the parental allowance. The highest state officials affirmed this legal solution, stating that with the increase of this allowance, all obstacles on the way to raising the birth rate in Serbia have been removed. At the same time, they told women that there was no need for their employment anymore, as they could achieve their material existence by giving birth to children, because they expected high financial compensations for that. This message made it clear to women in Serbia that they were “in charge” of the “job” of raising the birth rate, i.e. that the role of a mother was still primarily reserved for them. This called into question the dignity of women in Serbia. Gender stereotypes, according to which the role of a caring mother is traditionally reserved for women, are present not only in Serbia, but also in other Balkan countries, and they represent a serious obstacle to the development of women and thus of the entire Balkan society. With this paper, we aim to point out how the demographic problem in Serbia is being solved in the wrong way by awarding cash benefits to women for childbirth, with the message that the role of a mother should be their only preoccupation because of the declining birth rate.

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The right to social security in Zimbabwe: A literature review

Author(s): Norman NHEDE,Sylvester Marumahoko,Obey Ngorima / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2023

In light of the rising unemployment and ongoing economic shocks in Zimbabwe, the purpose of this article is to assess the relevance and applicability of its social security system. An analysis of the existing social security literature is used to determine the extent to which Zimbabwe's mandatory social security policy has succeeded in providing social protection to the country's marginalised people. According to a survey of general reports on the performance of the national social security policy, as well as an analysis of journal and newspaper articles, the country’s social security system has not significantly insulated people from financial challenges. The current social security system is not sufficiently inclusive and safeguarding, as it continues to exclude the informal sector. As a result,many individuals who ought to receive social protection are instead left on their own. In order to make the national social security policy more accessible in the midst of economic difficulties, the Zimbabwean government has a duty to re-examine it, to establish its relevance to the new realities of life. Social inclusion should be the policy's focal point. In order to fully address the issue of exclusion from social security arrangements, the country should adopt a multidimensional social security strategy.

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Context social, cunoaştere şi acţiune în asistenţa socială

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Context social, cunoaştere şi acţiune în asistenţa socială

Author(s): Georgiana-Cristina Rentea (Anton) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2023

Review of: Doru Buzdzcea, Bucuresti: Tritonic, Social context, knowledge and action in social work, 2021, 294 pp. ISBN: 978-606-749-537-9

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Institutional Formation in Tumultuous Times: Reforming English Social Housing Regulation Post-Grenfell

Author(s): Michael Marshall / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

English social housing regulation theoretically exists to promote the social purpose of the sector, yet the success of regulation against this objective has been questioned amidst concerns with the quality of service provided by landlords. Following the Grenfell Tower fire, the government initiated a reform process to reverse a policy of regulatory passivity on consumer standards. This paper conceives of regulatory reform as a case of institutional formation; a dynamic process that shapes conduct via rules, practices and narratives. It fills an empirical gap on how regulatory practice has responded to an ambiguous institutional environment where the governmental narrative was committed to improving standards, but formal legislation lagged. Quantitative text analysis demonstrates that the Regulator of Social Housing (RSH) has re-emphasised consumer standards post-Grenfell. But the process of institutional formation has been punctuated by social, political and economic crises, and the power of the regulator to enforce improved standards has been limited by legislative delays.

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УЧЕСТАЛОСТ И ПРЕДИКТОРИ ПРОМЕНЕ СМЕШТАЈА ДЕЦЕ И МЛАДИХ БЕЗ РОДИТЕЉСКОГ СТАРАЊА

Author(s): Vesna Žunić Pavlović,Marija Nešić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 188/2023

Providing stable placement is a priority task in the care of children and youth who are separated from their families. Numerous studies document that housing instability is one of the most difficult challenges faced by social protection systems in other countries, but there is a lack of information about the situation in Serbia. The aim of this research was to determine the frequency and predictors of placement moves of children and youth out of home care. Using a retrospective research design, the authors examined the history of placement of users in residential care institutions for children and youth without parental care, from the moment of removal from the family. The sample consisted of 133 users from seven institutions in Serbia, who were of both sexes (female 57,1% and male 42,9%) and aged from 14 to 20 years (AS=16,68, SD=1,82). Data on the placement history prior to admission to the residential care, as well as the characteristics of the users, their biological family and current placement, were obtained from the official documentation. The results show that 72,2% of children and youth from the sample had at least one placement change, and 6,8% experienced four or more moves. In most cases (53,4%) the changes are non-progressive in terms of moving to placement that is equally or more restrictive. This research confirmed the findings of previous studies that placement instability is associated with mental disorders of users, older age at admission and biological family structure. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for future research and points out that focusing attention on known predictors of placement moves can contribute to stability in the care of children and youth separated from their families.

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APPROACHES TO THE EVOLUTION OF THE SOCIAL CONTEXT THROUGH THE LENS OF THE SOCIAL INSURANCE BUDGET EFFORT IN ROMANIA. REALITIES AND PERSPECTIVES

Author(s): Monica-Laura Sorici (Zlati),Svetlana Mihaila,Veronica Grosu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The social context in Romania is determined by the issue of the degree of social security, through the budgetary effort in a context of rising inflation and elements of geo-political instability manifested by recession and social insecurity, especially for the low-income population. The objective of the study is to identify the current situation affecting the social status of citizens in Romania and the prospects for its evolution by introducing a social security index based on statistical and econometric forecasting methods. The methods used are of an empirical nature represented by the study of the specialized literature and of an analytical nature, respectively the consolidation of databases, econometric modelling, prospective analysis and economic forecasts. The results of the study are useful for national decision-makers in order to adjust social policy elements in line with the sustainability objectives agreed at European level and in relation to the growing needs of the population at risk of poverty, continuing inflation and economic recession.

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Prawo do ochrony zdrowia a organizacja systemu opieki medycznej w Polsce powojennej (1945–1952)

Author(s): Bożena Płonka-Syroka,Marek Stych / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article discusses the formation of the health care system in Poland based on the assumption that every patient has a right to health protection, and the determinant factors of this process. The analysed period starts at the end of World War II in 1945 and finishes with the adoption of the Constitution of 22 July 1952. In 1945 the health care in Poland was based on the legal and organizational solutions developed in the Second Polish Republic. Soon it started to be modified, which eventually led to its nationalization. The years 1945–1952 were a “transitional period” in the Polish legislation and organization of health care. In the first post-war years, the functioning of the health care system in Poland was based on the Act of 28 March 1933 on social insurance and of 15 June 1939 on public health care. However, they did not ultimately become the basis for structural solutions introduced in Poland in the early 1950s. At that time, the so-called multisectoral system in health care was abandoned and almost all of its aspects were taken over by state institutions. The aim of the article is to present the determinant factors which governed the evolution of Polish medical law in post-war Poland and to analyse the legal regulations introduced from 1945 to 1952. In their analyses the authors used the dogmatic-legal method (an analysis of legal texts – the basic method) and the historical-legal method (an outline of the right to health protection and its evolution in the studied period). The article ends with final conclusions.

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РЕГИСТРИРАНЕТО НА СИГНАЛИ И ПРОСЛЕДЯВАНЕ НА СЛУЧАИ НА НАСИЛИЕ НАД ДЕЦА ПРЕЗ ПОГЛЕДА НА ЕКСПЕРТИ

Author(s): Elena Kerankova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The article presents the results of a study among experts in the field of child protection on the effectiveness of existing procedures and systems for reporting and tracking cases of violence and neglect of children; the experience of the services, the problems and difficulties they face in collecting and processing data on cases of violence against children, the need for training, as well as suggestions for improving the work. The results show that there is still no unified system for registration and analysis of cases of violence against children, the information is fragmented and used mainly for the purposes of the relevant institutions. The need to introduce uniform indicators and definitions of different types of violence against children is emphasized, as well as to provide training at different levels.

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DISSEMINATING EXTRA-ROLE SERVICE BEHAVIOR IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: THE EFFECT OF HEALTH-ORIENTED LEADERSHIP AND WORK ENGAGEMENT

Author(s): Gökhan Kerse,Şefik Özdemir,Mesut Soyalın / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

This study focused on health-orientedleadership (HoL), attempting to determine whether thisnew type of leadership affects extra-role service behavioreither directly or indirectly (through work engagement).Data were collected from public employees working inthe service sector in a province in Turkey through theconvenience sampling method. The study hypotheseswere tested with structural equation modeling (SEM)using the SmartPLS software. The analysis findings haverevealed that the perception of health-oriented leadershippositively affects extra-role service behavior. Moreover,this effect was present not only directly, but also indirectly(through work engagement). The findings have alsoconfirmed that health-oriented leadership is important inincreasing public employees' engagement and extra-roleservice behaviors. Therefore, it was determined thathealth-oriented leadership brings positive outcomes inthe public sector.

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Ndikimi i Sistemi të Informacionit shëndetësor në menaxhimin financiar të kujdesit shëndetësor parësor në Shqipëri

Author(s): Gazment KODUZI,Tomi THOMO,Paulin KODRA / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 1/2013

By 2007, health centers (HC) in Primary Health Care (PHC) are public entities, financed by HII (CMD Nr. 857, 2006) and managed by Manager. HC are financed performance based according to a new formula: 85% of budget was given monthly for normal function of services, 10% was given monthly as performance based and 5% quarterly as bonus.This study mean to measure impact of financing mechanism of HC articulated in HII policies in function of their health staff performance.This study shows that financial policy implemented by HII in order to maximize rezults of primary health care has been succesfull. Health Information System (HIS) (MOU Nr. Prot.1529, 2009) played important role in measuring results of health staff every day work regarding patients health through indicators, and facilitated financial management of HC. Almost 99% of interviewed personel report that HC where they work is currently using HIS for reporting, meanwhile 98% fill encounter form after each visit. 91% of interviewed staff would prefer to use electronic encounter form vs papaer based. Information system affect in data management, institution and humman resource management. So, 94% of interviewed staff believe that HIS will improve HC management. Regarding effect of data reported through HIS in fianancial remuneratiion of health personel, 96% of interviewed staff agree and totally agree with this argument. Bonus is increased by 7% in y.2009 comparing with y.2008 (p=0.07), meanwhile in y.2010 is dicreased by 15% comparing with y.2008, and is dicreased by 22% comparing with y.2009 (p= 0.07), meanwhile in y.2010 is dicreased by 15% comparing with y.2008, and is dicreased by 22% comparing with y.2009 (p < 0.001), with statistically significant difference. This study shows that HIS help to increase acuracy of data reported by HC.

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PSIHOSOCIJALNE DETERMINANTE OBJEKTIVNIH I SUBJEKTIVNIH POKAZATELJA USPJEŠNOGA STARENJA

Author(s): Ivana Tucak Junaković,Neala Ambrosi-Randić,Ivana Macuka / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2023

Research into possible determinants of successful ageing is continuously growing, due to the increase in the proportion of old people in the general population, as well as the important practical implications that it has. However, the role of various psychosocial factors in the process of successful ageing is still not sufficiently clarified. The main goal of this study was to examine the contribution of a group of psychosocial factors (optimism, resilience, generativity, adaptation to the ageing process, social support and the frequency of social contacts) to successful ageing. The twofactor model of Pruchno et al. (2010) was used to measure the concept of successful ageing. The model includes the subjective and objective components of successful ageing. The research data were collected on a sample of 790 elderly and old men and women aged between 65 and 98 years. The results of hierarchical regression analyses have shown that the best predictors of subjective and objective indicators of successful ageing were age and psychological traits and resources (optimism, resilience, and good adaptation to changes in the ageing process). The applied value of these results can be found in the identification of factors that contribute to successful ageing and the quality of life of older people.

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Представяне на подхода за намаляване на вредите от употребата на наркотици и мястото на социалната работа в него

Author(s): Elmira Nesheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

This publication provides a description of the harm reduction approach to drug use as part of public health strategies and discusses the place of social work within it. The main principles, approaches and activities of social work with people who actively use drugs are outlined, as well as the specifics of social work in the field of harm reduction. The main focus is on groups and individuals with addiction who are at risk of social exclusion, have a history of discrimination, are in economic hardship, and need supportive interventions to achieve a better level of social and health functioning. A description is given of the activities that are aimed at reducing harm from drug use and how they are structured in the context of social work.

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Бездомничеството като социален проблем – аспекти, причини и възможни решения

Author(s): Yavor Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article presents scientific research of the reasons for homelessness and the factors leading to it. It also analyses the principles and the preconditions, which lead to the social inequality as well as the consequences of homelessness and actions taken as solutions.

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