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This paper aims to analyze the potential of the formalized descriptions provided by the schema.org initiative for marketing communications content. The research outlines the affordances of semantic annotations with schema.org and their connection to creating effective and engaging digital marketing communications on the World Wide Web.
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The Traffic Police in Bulgaria’s second-largest city of Plovdiv continues its traditional communication campaign for March 8 – “Flower on the Road”. Police inspectors stopped female drivers, not for inspection, but to hang flowers and a heart-shaped card. In this way, policemen reminded the ladies how important they were and that someone was waiting for them to get home safely. Launched as an international police communication campaign in several countries, the initiative aimed to show respect for International Women’s Day but also to prevent risky driving for drivers. The police spokesman presented to the public campaign slogan ideas that can be analyzed through methods of fact-checking and data journalism. Rethinking the concept of media literacy and issue communication practices, a group of young scholars worked on proceedings in this case study.
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Multimedia Presentation Index – MPI is the author’s conceptual model and methodology for measuring performance in presentation. It is based on the Balance ScoreCards (BSC’s), methodology used to assess the effectiveness of business processes. The philosophical essence of communication, respectively of presentation as a process, could be understood through the prism of the integrating triad of the communication cycle „Function-Form-Content”. These are factors that play a key role in measuring the effectiveness of any public event. As performance indicators for the effectiveness of an activity in BSCs are used key performance indicators – KPIs (Key Performance Indicators), objectively selected criteria with clearly defined indicators and norms for assessing the progress of an activity. The proposed author‘s methodology MPI with Internet application is designed to serve as a reliable interactive tool for objective assessment of the communicative competence and effectiveness of the presenter.
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The article examines the challenges facing hospitals in Bulgaria in the field of PR communications. The difficulties of hospitals in their attempts to communicate with the public without the help of PR specialists are discussed. Examples have been given of why hospital managers justify the lack of PR communications. The text analyzes the new opportunities for communication and quick feedback provided by new technologies and communication channels. What changes are leading to the crisis in the relations between the hospitals themselves and their branch organizations? Increasing the audibility and unanimity between medical institutions, government agencies, and the national health insurer. In conclusion, the benefits of the opportunities for communication between patients and hospitals, and their expanded opportunities through the use of social media are presented. The usefulness for the health of the citizens from the increase of their health education.
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The idea of deliberation and its possible benefits for high-functioning democracy has been regularly addressed in political philosophy and political science. Democratic governance requires high-quality communication that helps to increase public engagement, trust, and dialogic communication between different societal groups, therefore deliberation is usually discussed from a democratic perspective. In the era of information overload and increasing poverty of attention, mediatization, hate speech, opinion polarization, and problems concerning the spread of mis- and misinformation – it is important to ask what would be the conditions and factors that support the potential of deliberative communication in a society.
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Nowadays media are among the main factors of the deliberative democracy, which should ensure fair and reasonable debate among citizens. Traditional and modern internet-based media affect citizens’ daily lives, politics, and society. Although social media allow the public to express their opinions, share content, and communicate in a personalized way, often they are open to manipulation and thus they hamper the public debates on substantial civic issues. The concept of media literacy addresses the potential of contemporary societies for their resilience to the negative effects of such phenomena as diminishing public trust and severely polarized politics. The text presents three cases in Bulgaria, based on the indicators of media freedom, education, and trust in the institutions outlined by the Media Literacy Index: social protests (2013-2020), the COVID-19 epidemic, and the parliamentary election campaigns on Facebook (April 04; July 11 and November 14, 2021).
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The Texas State Legislature has been dominated by the Republican Party for over a decade, with solid majorities in both houses. This has enabled it to rapidly take ideas from the so-called ‘Conservative Public Sphere’ and enact them into genuine policy in very short periods of time. In other words, when prominent Texas Republicans think out loud, it is not very long until many of those thoughts become law. Just this June, the conservative Texas Public Policy Foundation called for a ‘Social Media Ban’ based on its own research. According to the Foundation, teens should be totally barred from using all platforms in this sphere until they are adults due to the immense harm they pose to young people. Within a few weeks, major Texas Republicans echoed this sentiment on social platforms like Twitter, with one, Representative James Patterson, going the furthest. He has pledged in the next session to introduce a bill aimed at shutting off social media access to all Texas teens in 2023. (Whiting 2022). In this short paper, we will try to consider what accounts for the enormous speed of radical policymaking. Do these aims go beyond mere protection and exceed the First Amendment rights of teens? How will such a ban be enforced? What are the potential complexities and impact of such a change on the lives of Texas teens?
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As the interaction and exchange of cultural diversity through globalization increase in our modern world so does the need for strategies to reduce the risk of cross-cultural conflicts. This qualitative action research study aimed to explore the intersection of language learning and peace education in a multicultural university setting. Specifically, this study focused on the researcher’s role as an English professor to encourage intercultural exchanges that promote peaceful communication and explore pedagogical tools to incorporate in class to help students manage, resolve, and transform conflict. Using a two-cycle exploratory action research approach, data were collected through student surveys, individual interviews, focus group discussions, student feedback forms, and reflection journals. The first cycle involved fifteen participants in a course on conflict resolution skills taught by the researcher, and the second cycle involved nine students in a low-intermediate English class where the content was incorporated into the language course. Thematic analysis was conducted on the interviews and focus groups. The findings from the student feedback and reflection journals helped to create a curriculum to be implemented in the English-medium classroom. The findings confirmed the importance of implementing conflict resolution skills in the English as an Additional Language (EAL) classroom at a multicultural university. The implications for social change from this research include the development of valuable tools to be used in the classroom to guide students to utilize appropriate language to bring about peaceful communication so that they can graduate with the necessary skills to become competent cross-cultural communicators.
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Media and information literacy (MIL) is a complex phenomenon. It needs careful design of the measurement instruments. The Media Literacy Index by the Open Society Institute in Sofia has made great attempts to build such an instrument. Improvement is still possible. The reading and writing skills of adult populations (PIAAC study) can be taken into account too, the level of digital skills (DESI) and the healthy skepticism towards media can be seen as the next cornerstones to build an instrument that comprises individual and structural level variables in the analysis.
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This paper aims to reflect the concept of „media-related competencies” with a particular focus on „media users”. Based on secondary empirical research data analysis, we developed the conceptual model based on a broad spectrum of individual, social, and institutional domains. We discuss the potential of the conceptual variables based on their possibilities and risks for media communication, especially for deliberative communication. The theoretical study approach is focused on the connection between the medium and the user and takes a holistic and anthropological approach. This connection is anchored in social practice while also including individual sets of competencies adopted in media use and strengthened through lifelong learning. Media user competencies are a highly contextualized subject that encompasses interpretation, the formation of shared meanings, and the capacity to access, analyze, evaluate, and generate communications in several circumstances.
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Civilization is at the pinnacle of a delightful global transformation, but infoxification1 unfortunately also causes errors in the system. At least three generations of Digital Natives have been born since the beginning of the Digital age. They differ in the threshold of anxiety about their existence, importance, and role in the new communication and information environment. The uncertainty in their own identity, originality of experience, and the meaning of self-conscious access to Knowledge among Digital Natives 3.0 catalyze some social anomalies and pose risks for the future. The Holographic perception replaces the generation of emotional memory, virtuality encourages mimicry, and remix culture erases the last traces of the authentic historicity of events, circumstances, and processes. The red line between intuitive mastery of digital technologies and the risk of dangerous control delusions is not clear either.
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The accelerated penetration of digital technologies in all spheres of public life has led to a complete change in media communication, which in turn provided an opportunity for easy access to all types of information, as well as for active participation of users in the continuous flow of communication. Information in the media is a key factor when making important decisions in personal and professional aspects. At the same time consumers are exposed to various impacts and threats caused by digitalization, which requires the development of skills for analysis and evaluation of information content, detection of fraud in the digital space, such as: phishing attacks, misinformation and cyberbullying. The purpose of the report is to emphasize the importance of building media literacy of participants in digital communication, indicating the necessary techniques and tools for recognizing fake news for personal data protection, and for developing critical thinking, as a prevention against various manipulative effects.
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The research of reliability can be performed through two approaches: (1) monitoring the content of the information or (2) assessing the addressee’s attitude to certain characteristics of the text. The second approach was demonstrated by consulting a group of media audiences. The results show that several deviations from grammatical, spelling, and orthographic text characteristics play an important role in determining the problematic authenticity and unreliability of the media text. The influence is usually indirect: non-normative linguistic manifestations reduce the credibility of the issue and the author of the text, and as a consequence, reduce confidence in the veracity of news content.
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In the present article, the ways of functioning of compound structures with the component менте-/-менте in Bulgarian journalistic texts are described. In the media language, this component is found in several semantic profiles, which are mentioned here and which have not been included in any of the lexicographic registers of the Bulgarian language thus far. The compound structures with the component менте-/-менте cease to function as nominal phrases and become more similar to compound words, based on nominal phrases. This is also how these constructions are perceived by conceptualizers. Just in the process of conceptualization, the overall character of these compound structures is revealed. The analysis of the linguistic material is conducted with the use of an integrated cognitive and communicative methodology. Derivatives are analyzed in the context of actual language use.
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Nowadays, social media is one of the most popular information sources, especially for the new generations. On the other hand, fake news on the Internet has become increasingly dangerous over the last few years. According to the Media Literacy Index for 2021 by the European Policies Initiative (EuPI), Bulgaria ranks last in the European Union in terms of resistance to the spread of fake news. This article aims to describe some of the most significant features of fake news in Bulgarian language on Facebook. The article investigates а fake news about the vaccination against COVID-19 in 2021. The applied method is critical discourse analysis.
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The article construes Media Literacy as a concept in Test Theory, including knowledge and skills. The historical development of introducing its set of features into education at the high-school level in England and Canada is traced in time, highlighting the rationale and objectives behind each adoption. Finally, a curriculum is presented created for a course in Media Studies integrated into foreign language learning adapted for Bulgarian tertiary education.
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This paper examines the understanding of media texts and their role as a prerequisite for media literacy among high school students. It was developed based on several studies on students‘ reading skills, a key element of functional literacy. The questions addressed within the paper concern the role of media texts in education, as well as how they enhance students‘ reading skills and their development as persons with high potential for success in society. It concludes that media texts are a resource that – when used aptly – can increase the levels of reading literacy and functional literacy among students.
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The paper focuses on some departures from the common rules regarding writing the news leads, which can be often spotted on popular Bulgarian websites. It describes what other types of linguistic errors are combined with them and what is the effect on the process of text reception. The paper also attempts to define which of the analyzed characteristics are deliberately used.
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After a critical review of the existing theoretical interpretations of the role of the elements in the communicative chain, already explicit in the writings of Lasswell, Schramm, and Merton, the article argues the introduction of the topos in the whole process of perception and interpretation of the media message. The specifics of the topos can enrich the perception of the media reality and can determine its further internalization in the minds and behavior of the individuals and the audience in general. There is a great difference when listening to and understanding the same message you are looking home TV monitor, in a noisy pub among fans of the opposing team, in an Arabic cafe, furiously chanting while bombing the Twin Towers in New York, or in the car with strangers hitchhikers, or lonely staying before he homecomputer. The study of the typology of these potential reactions will enable us to recognize more precisely and calculate the effectiveness of the media impact and reinforce its parameters.
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Since the beginning of the 21st century, intensive processes of transformation have been taking place in the Bulgarian media environment under the influence of new digital technologies and new economic models of production and consumption of media content. The article “Transformation of Journalism in Bulgaria through the Eyes of Media Researchers (2000-2020)” examines the available research devoted to the media and journalism in Bulgaria in the first two decades of the century, from the perspective of availability, diversity, and accessibility of sources of information, research and expert capacity, representativeness, the relevance of the data and conducted research, as well as the possibility of continuity and continuity of the monitoring of the researched processes. The overview of the existing media-related publications in the period 2000-2020 allows for highlighting some risks for the media, journalism, and research units in Bulgaria.
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