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Трансформация гендерного порядка в странах СНГ: институциональные факторы и эффекты массовой политики

Author(s): Svetlana Grigorevna Aivazova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2014

An attempt to answer the question: how in the CIS countries (and the Baltic countries as a reference group) reformed in the past two decades, the gender order - in order to equalize social opportunities (status, position) between men and women or, on the contrary, towards the deepening of inequality (gender gaps) therebetween. Analytical material is reinforced by the data reporting on the global gender gap, which is preparing the World Economic Forum in Davos. It is shown how these data allow us to measure the depth of gender inequality in the various spheres of life of a country, as well as to define its place in the global rankings of the global gender gap.

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Первые леди стран Юга Африки: политика и жизнь

Author(s): Lyubov Yaroslavovna Prokopenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2014

The notion "first lady" in relation to Southern African countries. The increased in the last decades of social and political activity of the wives of the heads of states of the region affect the international image of the country. Against the background of the formation of gender equality in the political sphere as a principle of public policy, which in most countries is implemented in practice, the role of the first lady has increased significantly.

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Гендерная политология в России: достижения, проблемы и перпективы

Author(s): Tatjana Borisovna Riabova,O. G. Ovcharova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The paper examines the set of research problems in contemporary Russian Gender Studies in Political Sciences, the current status and perspectives of developing this research field in Russia. The authors dwell upon gender methodology in Political Sciences and an alyze main Russian scholars’ research areas in the field: gender in political attitudes and behavior in Russia and abroad, gender in Russian political processes, woman movement and feminism, influence of gender on Russian politics, gender asymmetry, gender aspects of nationalism and geopolitics.

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Гендерный ракурс массовой политики

Author(s): Svetlana Grigorevna Aivazova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The article presents the analysis of gender peculiarities in Russian mass policy. Its urgency is linked to mass policy as the latter to a great extent determines the run of things and state of minds in present-day world. The latest research focuses attention on essential differences in the existing forms of mass policy differentiating as 2 opposing concepts the so called “mass policy” and “citizens’ policy”. The differences appear thanks to new actors who invade the policy field and institutionally transform political process. The new developments take place thanks to a mass involvement of women into politics. They become independent subjects who consciously declare their ability to be responsible citizens. Using this approach the article considers such questions as: what are the peculiarities of Russia’s people — men and women — interaction with the state; what type mass policy is characteristic of political behavior for men and women; does gender influence their political choice; and if so, in which way.

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Женщины-предпринимательницы среднего и старшего возраста: штрихи к портрету

Author(s): A.E. Kolobova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The article is devoted to the analysis of middle and senior age business-women’s socio-economic characteristics in modern Russian society, including: specific motives of becoming entrepreneurs and conducting business after getting retired, interrelations in business-sphere and so on. This kind of research seems relevant taking into consideration a number of factors: it’s not at all easy to start business at that age, in most cases they have to function in unfavorable conditions; at the same time such activities are of great importance both for these women-entrepreneurs and society in general. Some correlations between age and gender factors on the one hand and entrepreneurship peculiarities in the context of Russian society, on the other, are identified. The study of this phenomenon is based on research results (by depth interview), conducted in Saratov in the period between 2008—2014. The author also makes use of other authors’ research results.

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Поствузовские стратегии выпускников классического университета: гендерный аспект

Author(s): I. L. Sizova ,N.V. Kladova,T.M. Khusiainov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

Students body of the country is obviously its important social and professional potential. That’s why a study of university environment is relevant. One of the important parts of this environment is a graduate school. The most influential Russian universities aspire to preserve their position in the higher education market, correspond to the highest standards of the state and social order economic actors and the labor market in Russia. In this article the authors indicate postgraduate postgraduate strategies of large regional university graduates; among these strategies the most important ones could be the student’s choice of the job, the desire to continue their education, or not work at all. The authors focus on the gender dimension of modern attitudes, values and desires of students. The study was conducted among graduate students of nine faculties and institutes of the Lobachevskiy State University of Nizhniy Novgorod. The authors found that gender-specific professional formation and the choice of post graduate students correlated with aspects of professional mobility and individual identity of the profession.

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Жизнь после развода родителей в восприятии детей: социологический анализ

Author(s): A.V. Ermilova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

Regional differences in the children’s perception of new lives after their parents’ divorce are revealed. Reduction of interaction with their fathers is typical of children from single-parent families living in Nizhniy Novgorod; that process is proportionate to the increase of family separation time. It certainly is a negative consequence of the divorce. In the Ivanovo region fathers are more actively involved in the upbringing and care of the child, which leads to the in-crease of single-parent father families in the region. A strong tendency is ob-served: fathers with a high level of financial status choose to raise their children independently which, in turn, can foster in children a positive attitude to divorce. Identified gender-specific features of children’s after divorce life mainly relate to the following aspects: the desire and frequency of meetings with separately living parent, satisfaction with material security after divorce and the availability of assistance from the other parent. The problems of single-parent families, namely the decline in the material standard of the family, the deterioration of living conditions after the divorce, can be the basis of disapproving attitude to divorce on the part of children, who are experiencing negative feelings about it.

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Модели полоролевой социализации в российском образовании

Author(s): O.I. Kluchko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The article proposes traditional and gender models of sex-role socialization in education and the criteria for their analysis. Differentiated by gender, the goals, forms, methods and techniques of training and education are identified as essential diagnostic criteria of the applied model. Regulatory documents of the Russian education fixate purposes of the gender model. Analysis of educational practice reveals the traditional content and differentiated methods. Discrepancy of modern purposes and traditional methods and content leads to pseudo gender model of sex-role socialization in Russian education. The author notes the low level of reflection and awareness of this issue among teachers in Moscow which, in turn, creates many myths about gender approach. The content of professional teacher education needs to be updated, as is the scientific context in which models of sex-role socialization are formed and introduced into Russian education.

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Гендерный подход в анализе причин проявления насилия в близких отношениях между мужчинами и женщинами

Author(s): Irina S. Kletsina,Elena Viktorovna Ioffe / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The essence of gender approach and the possibility of applying its provisions in studies of violence in premarital and marital relationships are examined in the article. Theoretical conceptions are systematized, explaining the origin of violence in relations; measures that should be undertaken for the violence prevention in domestic relations are enumerated.

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Социально-психологические особенности женщин, получающих дополнительное высшее образование

Author(s): E.I. Sushkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The article discusses the individual characteristics of women receiving an additional higher education degree; differences in men and women motivational spheres connected with getting another university diploma as well as peculiarities of women getting the only university degree.

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Женские журналы в начале XX В. : критика, рецепция, полемика

Author(s): O.A. Simonova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The article deals with the women’s magazines occupying an intermediate position between large-scale ladies publications and highly-specialized feminist titles. This self restraint and self-directedness, marginalized position occupied by women publications corresponded really well to the idea of silent and obscure woman. Every violation of usual stereotypes of femininity was met with overzealous criticism on the male part of society.

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К вопросу о социальном статусе женщины в чеченской традиционной семье

Author(s): S.A. Natayev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The article deals with the issue of woman’s social status in the traditional Chechen family. The research is based on historical as well as ethnographic materials. The attention is paid to the meanings of words which used to denote a woman’s status as her social role was being transformed. Woman’s rights on conclusion as well as dissolution of marriage are mentioned. The author proposes his own view of the space occupied by women in Chechen families. The scholar comes to the conclusion that Chechen people used to respect and revere women as daughters, sisters, wives, mothers as some kind of domestic goddesses.

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Гендерные границы и перспективы гендерного диалога на Северном Кавказе

Author(s): Saida Valerevna Sirazhudinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

In the modern world proclaiming the values of democracy, human rights and equality, the issue of social borders is still relevant. The article explores the question of the existence of gender boundaries in the North Caucasian society. The article is based on the results of the sociological research in the Republic of Dagestan. The results of the study show the effect of gender barriers increased by the specificity of the region, traditions and Islam.

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Фемининность в дискурсивном пространстве российского истеблишмента

Author(s): A. L. Shishelyakina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The main purpose of the article — to shed light on the dynamics of the discourse of the Russian establishment on the issue of femininity and the social role of women in society. The material of press in Tyumen region shows the post-Soviet transformation of the discourse of the establishment. The author draws attention to the normative and non-normative patterns of femininity, mechanisms of stigmatization of non-normative patterns of femininity in different historical periods.

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Перспективы (де)профессионализации заботы о детях-дошкольниках: гувернеры как профессиональная группа

Author(s): E.M. Kolesnikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

This article presents an analysis of gouverneurs, as part of a professional group of preschool teachers. The localization of this job within the private sector and informal employment stimulates the problems of social stratification of the population and purchasing power in the evaluation of structural characteristics of professional groups and perspectives of its development and professionalization.

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О VII Международной научной конференции раижи и ИЭА РАН «Пол, политика, поликультурность: гендерные отношения и гендерные системы в прошлом и настоящем»

Author(s): Natalia Lvovna Pushkareva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

Российская ассоциация исследователей женской истории (РАИЖИ, www.rarwh.ru), Российский национальный комитет Международной федерации исследователей женской истории, сектор этногендерных исследований Института этнологии и антропологии им. Н. Н. Миклухо-Маклая РАН, Рязанский государственный университет им. С. А. Есенина, Рязанская областная универсальная научная библиотека им. М. Горького и Рязанский областной совет женщин при финансовой поддержке Глобального фонда для женщин, Фонда Ф. Эберта и Фонда М. Прохорова провели 9—12 октября 2014 г. очередную (седьмую) международную научную встречу. Название прошедшей конференции — «Пол, политика, политкультурность: гендерные отношения и гендерные системы в прошлом и настоящем».

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«Отстоим Волгу-матушку!»: материнский символ реки в дискурсе Сталинградской битвы

Author(s): Oleg Vjacheslavovich Riabov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The article deals with the analysis of employing the symbol of Mother Volga in the discourse of the battle of Stalingrad. The author points out that the battle was represented in the Soviet propaganda as defending Mother Volga which served as a substitute of the Motherland. The article begins with a discussion of the theoretical aspects of the nationalism study exploiting the maternal symbol of rivers. It then proceeds to sketch out the role of the views on the Volga as mother in the Soviet culture of 1920—1930s. Next, the article examines forms and functions of the Soviet propaganda’s employing the image of Mother Volga in the time of the battle of Stalingrad. The author demonstrates that using this image contributed to strengthening the Soviet identity; war mobilization; substantiating the idea of the Red Army’s military and moral superiority; and creating the image of the Enemy. Above all, employing the image helped to maintain the collective identity, participating in the drawing symbolic boundaries between “us” and “them”: the Volga received a special status as a hypostasis of the Soviet Motherland.

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«Социальное дно»: кризис гендерной идентичности как показатель глубины дезадаптации

Author(s): A.Y. Kazakova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

According to the results of a personal handout test survey conducted in 2012 for comparative analysis of outsiders, differentiated by gender and age, in normal conditions and in conditions of group isolation as clients of social services, the loss of identity picture is reproduced. We have found that the factors destroying gender identity were socialization in institutions, long term suppression of basic needs, the satisfaction of which is not in itself able to “restore” gender and stigma from the “big society”. Adolescents with disabilities in boarding schools produce psychological, based on the similarity of interests,hobbies, musical tastes of primary groups, identity. It is also used in demographic identification on the basis of age. An unsupervised adolescent makes social identity based on occupation in formal groups (school), and age. Masculine identity in terms of being “at the bottom” is constructed by being included in underprivileged but not stigmatized low income group. Women outsiders consistently demonstrate communicative strategy of refusal to identify themselves as a marginal identity. It is experienced by them, apparently, more painfully than it is by men. While male identity has more resistance than the female, but only out of the isolation mode, suggesting a selection on the basis of the stigma.

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Представления о женской чести в Российской дворянской культуре (конец XVIII - начало XIX В. )

Author(s): O.I. Lisitsyna,Natalia Lvovna Pushkareva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The system of ideas about honour as one of the key components in the noble culture has been a subject of scientific research many times, but as a rule, the term “nobility” referred only to men. However, the concept “honour”, as well as the consequent ideas about standard behavior, had considerable gender specifics. The article represents the gender analysis of the concept “honour” on the basis of both female and male sources of personal origin, and also didactic and pedagogical treatises and works of fiction of the end of the XVIII —the first half of the XIX c. The ethical requirements imposed by the Russian noble community on men concentrated around their personal qualities (boldness, courage, strength of mind, self-control, fidelity), for the women this concept had only one — sexual — dimension. Not only personal honour of the girl and woman, but also the honour of all her family and the family of the husband depended on the implementation of obligations to control “passion”. The reputation of the honest woman could be affected both by her own and her husband's behavior. The noblewoman was not the subject of action, but the object of men's manipulations, but this fact didn't relieve her of the responsibility, forcing to toughen the internal taboos even more. The system of the social expectations concerning noble women didn’t really change, and such requirements formed behavioral model of the Russian noblewoman throughout XVIII — the first half of the XIX c.

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Книгоиздание как фактор развития женской прозы конца XX - начала XXI в

Author(s): L.D. Titareva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The article deals with the analysis of the development of women's prose as a function of changes on the market of book publishing in connection with social changes in Russia since the1980s. The relevance of the article ideas is that the opportunities of the publishing activities were one of the factors in the emergence of such a cultural phenomenon as women's prose. It gives a detailed analysis of the women writers’ works published in Russia from the 1980s until 2012. The author concludes that at the end of the1990s the events on the Russian book market suggest that there was a steady increase of the role of women's prose and the attitude toward women's literature has changed significantly. So, all that is associated with the feminine creativity becomes a particular brand which is used by many publishers to increase their sales. The theoretical value of the article is that the author expands the range of cultural studies using comprehensive, systemic and gender approaches in considering the emergence and development of women's prose in Russia at the end of the twentieth century.

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