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Pomniki Armii Radzieckiej w Bułgarii jako instrument w narodowej debacie nad historyczną pamięcią i zapomnieniem

Author(s): Kamen Rikev / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article presents the case study of the Soviet Army monuments in Bulgaria as a source of irreconcilable social division. A brief overview of the history of these monu ments and the discussions on the possibility of their dismantling allow to conclude that (1) in the third decade of the 21st century the monuments’ function as lieux de mémoire remains impossible due to their divisive nature; (2) the arguments for and against the monuments expressed in the 1990s remain unchanged; (3) the concentration of public attention on the Sofia memorial leads to the neglection of other similar monuments in the country; (4) The Law on Declaring the Criminal Nature of the Communist Regime in Bulgaria (2000) and other state acts do not affect the existence of these monuments, but only reinforce the ambivalent signals that the southern European state sends to its international partners. The author’s final conclusion is that the monuments of the Soviet Army today are not so much an incentive to comprehend collective traumas, but an impetus for analysing Bulgarian Russophilia.

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Sztuka pamięci. O spektaklu „Memoria” w kontekście koncepcji kultury tragicznej

Author(s): Marta Lechowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article presents the analysis of a play by a Russian director, Anastasya Patlay, Memoria, devoted to the victims of Stalinist crimes and the Memorial Society documenting their fate. The analysis was carried out in the context of the theory of culture by Vyacheslav Ivanov and Friedrich Nietzsche.

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W poszukiwaniu kobiecych tradycji literackich. Zapomniane poetki słowackie pierwszej połowy XX wieku

Author(s): Rafał Majerek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article presents one of the publishing projects important in the context of Slovak literary studies in recent years, the anthology Sunken Souls. From Works by Slovak Female Poets in the First Half of the 20th Century (2017), edited by Andrea Bokníková. The book recalls the works of twelve women poets who were present in the literary life of the first decades of the 20th century, then gave up their literary activity for various reasons, and memory of them was gradually blurred. The published texts could be a starting point for reflection on the possibility of reinterpreting the history of Slovak literature and making its description more dynamic, e.g. thanks to the reconstruction of the line of women’s writing, often ignored or schematically presented in historical literary studies. This kind of project would correspond with the current search for new ways of conceptualising the literary past.

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“Tedious by Design.” Institutionalized Labor of Content Creators in the Game as a Service Model: The Path of Exile Case Study

Author(s): Mateusz Felczak / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

This study investigates the work of content creators in relation to developers and fans, focusing on digital platforms in a case study of the video game Path of Exile which functions in the game as a service (GaaS) model. The analysis was based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a diverse group of aspiring content creators and on the assessment of data extracted from distribution, streaming, and social digital platforms. The institutionalized labor of content creators, which is subjugated to the live service model curated by the developers, could be characterized by the notions of transactional play, aspirational boredom, and gaming the markets. These three elements stand for the commodification of play time, substituting actual play with broadcasted footage, and actively shaping the in-game economy, respectively. The study acknowledges the rising importance of content creators as contributors to the financial well-being of a game employing the GaaS model, while raising awareness of the cultural, economic, ethical and health issues associated with it.

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TO WHAT EXTENT CAN THE HISTORY BE PROPHESYED?

Author(s): Nicolae Iuga / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 23/2020

Here we have critically analysed certain optimistic and simplified views on social determinism and we have consequently analysed the theories’ prediction capacity as regard the forthcoming evolution of society. During this critical examination we have revealed the role of the unconscious, irrational and random factors which contribute to the creation of historic events. We have also revealed the nature of emergent causality, as a specific type of causality, which blends on hazard and shows the value at the light.

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PAN-KRATOS AND PAN-DEMOS FROM A CATECHETICAL PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Eugen Marius Ioana / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 23/2020

The pandemic that has spread over the contemporary world has some special features, namely: unlike other diseases, it is highly contagious, it is not circumscribed to a particular zone or region, but has covered almost the entire world, even the less circulated areas. We consider this to be an opportunity for the Church, by means of its representatives, to offer the world spiritual remedies for these times and also to reveal, through its spiritual treasure, epistemological clarifications in a worldly heterogeneity. What is needed is an inspired, enlightening catechetical message that can, on the one hand, offer the church a spirit of communion and hope while social distancing or quarantine are imposed, and on the other hand, confirm to the world that Church is working closely with and supporting those caring for the lives of our fellow men. God will surely inspire specialists to offer drug therapies to those in need, however, contemporary man will also need spiritual guides to overcome the negative emotions that unbalance him in such situations.

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MICHERECHI - A VILLAGE WITH ROMANIAN POPULATION IN HUNGARY

Author(s): Iudit Călinescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 23/2020

The Romanian community of Micherechi represents an ethnical minority group that lives in the rural area close to the Romanian border, with the majority of population being Romanian. In the monographs about this village, written in 1934 and 2000, or in other scientific research made in the last decades about the folklore, ethnology, history or language used here, the conclusion is always that the Romanian ethnics formed a closed community for centuries. The strict rules and the moral, ethical, religious and cultural values of the traditional society being the ones that managed to keep this Romanian community cohesive until now, preserving the Romanian identity for many decades. The traditional family, customs and rules and the fact that the Romanian language was used in religious services, school or in social life has contributed to preserving the community and the ethnical identity, beyond the assimilation trends of the last decades.

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Betül Tarıman’ın Şiirinde Vahşi Kadının Yeniden Doğuşu

Author(s): Mihrican Aylanç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 114/2023

In Women Who Run with Wolves, Clarissa Pinkola Estes goes after the ‘creative, talented, and immersed woman symbol’ which has been ignored by psychoanalysis for a long time, where she chases the pure reality of women whose internal nature has been damaged, whose souls have been tossed to the most pathetic lands, and who have taken on unnatural rhythms over their natural cycles just to please others. While women continue to instinctively share archetypes, Betül Tarıman, who displays an internal womanhood stance in the Anatolian geography, raises the mythical era narrative voices for us women, from her work Hadde, that is sensitive to her emotions, conscious, and tactile pleasures, and creatively transforms them into modern poetry. As Estes breaks the silence regarding issues surrounding her style, knowledge, and creative fire for women’s different eras, which can be defined as archetypical, intuitive, sexual, and cyclic. With this analysis, which follows in the footsteps of the wild woman archetype, added to the literature by Estes, I added poetry to the existing myths and fairy tales. I emphasize that poetry can too be just as long lasting as they are while being an enunciation leading to wisdom. This archetypical perspective, like mythical stories, poetry sets forth the sharp realization that can help conceptualize our visual power to see nature’s naiveté. Betül Tarıman, a woman who found her voice in nature, is a wild spirit. She moves forward in an alchemical cycle of loss, disjunction, and enlightenment during her journey that ends with wisdom. She awakens in a sacred location in eternity, independent of time and place, created by poetic language and word. This way, she creates the myth of the modern woman hero. By connecting with the wild woman archetype, she transforms into an eternal inner voice, calling out to women in search of themselves during their journey of initiation.

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Tackling Knowledge and Reining Uncertainty through Risk Rituals in the Transition to Motherhood

Author(s): Hicran Karataş / Language(s): English Issue: 114/2023

This study uses a fresh approach to demonstrate how the transition to motherhood is culturally marked and why this is so. In-depth discussions with 30 female doctors in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, revealed that awareness of risks to their health and social well-being shaped their pregnancy experience and led them to undertake various rituals to alleviate their anxiety and protect themselves and their babies from miscarriage, disability, and complications during childbirth. The doctors stated that they performed such rituals on the advice of their families, believing that doing so would not harm them or their babies but could be beneficial. The distinctive character of these rituals is that they are ritual responses and adaptations to the perceived hazards and uncertainties posed by the transition to motherhood. The new approach used in this study first identifies contemporary pregnancy risk rituals. Then, it shows that some of these have been adapted from traditional avoidance rituals to modern times. Finally, it identified those rites of passage and practices that may compel women to adopt self-limiting routines or accept taboos.

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The Values of Local Wisdom in Lampung Folklore: A Piil Pesenggiri Perspective

Author(s): Bambang Riadi / Language(s): English Issue: 114/2023

This study aims to investigate the values of the Lampung folklore “Si Anak Emas Radin Jambat,” which contains the local wisdom of Piil Pesenggiri. Piil Pesenggiri is a standard or value that serves as a social tenet or way of life for the people of Lampung. Using a qualitative descriptive research methodology, the data about the values of Piil Pesenggiri were collected through frequent reading and notetaking in the forms of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs. The collected data were analyzed using a textual analysis. The study’s findings indicate that bejuluk beadek, nemui nyimah, nengah nyappor, and sakai sambayan are the Piil Pesenggiri values that are present in the folklore under investigation. These values serve as the foundation for how Lampung people think, speak, and behave wherever they are. In other words, the people of Lampung demonstrate their personality and identify as genuine Lampung through Piil Pesenggiri. In light of these findings, implications and suggestions for future research are also included.

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GAZİANTEP’DEKİ CAMİ HAZİRELERİNDE BULUNAN MEZAR VE MEZAR TAŞLARI

Author(s): Meliha YİLAN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 20/2022

Gaziantep is one of the largest cities in the Southeastern Anatolia region, whose history dates back to ancient times. The city was conquered by Iyaz Bin Ganem, one of the commanders of Hazrat Omar, and joined the Islamic lands, and the city settlement was formed around the castle. At the present time, the city has grown much larger and with this growth, the city's cemeteries and some historical areas have been destroyed. Our study deals with the graves and graveyard stones found in the graves of Ömeriye, Boyacı, Ağa, Şeyh Fethullah and Nuri Mehmet Paşa mosques in the center of Gaziantep. At the present time, there are few graves and graveyard stones in the cemeteries. The graveyard stones were made of local mortar stone, black stone and marble stones of different colors in the form of sarcophagi and Ottoman style tombstones. The language used in the inscriptions of the graveyard stones are predominantly Ottoman, and with a little Arabic. Based on the epitaph texts, it is seen that the construction dates of these tombstones are 1890-1909 Gregorian.

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KONYA MEVLÂNA MÜZESİ’NDE BULUNAN 1069 NOLU EVRÂD-I MEVLÂNA ADLI ESERİN KİTAP SANATLARI BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Mutluhan Taş,Emine TÜRKEŞ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 21/2022

Manuscripts have gained a place in the life of mankind with the manufacture of paper starting from the discovery of writing. After the spread of Islam, different art schools emerged due to the need to multiply the Holy Qur'an. We can say that branches of art such as calligraphy, illumination, miniature, binding, marbling emerged for the decoration of manuscripts or for other reasons. The preservation of these valuable works is also of utmost importance. For this reason, it is also important to research manuscripts, to bring them to light and to transfer scientific studies to future generations. The work was prepared in 1886 (H.1304) by Hattat Vahdeti Efendi in accordance with the request of Sheikh Osman Selahaddin Dede, one of the dervishes of Yenikapı Mevlevi House. The lives of Sheikh Osman Salahaddin and Calligrapher Vahdetî Efendi were determined as a result of researches and it was registered that they were prepared by these people in the foundation on the last page of the work. In addition to the fact that the work titled "Konya Mevlânâ Müzesi 1069 Inventory Nolu Evrâd-ı Mevlânâ" that we have examined contains information about the Mevlevi Evrâd Tradition, it has been deemed worthy of research because it also contains the calligraphy, illumination and skin art features of the period. Manuscript was examined in terms of binding, calligraphy and illumination from Turkish Book Arts.

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STİLİZE HAYVAN BETİMLEMELERİ VE BİR UYGULAMA ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): Yasemin Tümer Çelik,Meltem Demirci Katırancı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 21/2022

The research includes the 11th grades of Ankara Anatolian High School of Fine Art. The knowledge and interest levels of the students whose application examples were made in Anatolian Fine Arts High Schools were measured with qualitative data. The behavional pattein of teachers have been evaluated with the use of actual sampling. By throughly resource seaiching, the importance of culture and the position of animals in a culture have been searched. Pointing out the importance of culture, how important animals are in Turkish and Anatolian culture has also been emphasized. Culture is a formation of asociety and is very important for asociety to survive and its generations to exist. Experience is important because art education is linked to the artistic and cultural upbringing of individuals and societies. It can be seen as important for the permanence of learning that students experience and associate their own culture at the same time while learning. In order to continue and survive, a culture not only needs to protect its values but also requires art to bring these values to the next generations. Art Education is directly related to the artistic and cultural upbringing of individuals and societies. Students' experience and association while learning about their own culture can be considered important for the permanence of learning. Generations should preserve culture and art, which is a part of culture, and pass it on to other generations.

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İMAM-I BİRGİVİ MEZARLIK ALANI

Author(s): Ayşe Çetinoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 21/2022

Although there is no definition or rule in the Islamic tradition on this matter, our cemeteries, which have been formed in various ways due to political, religious, social reasons and factors such as the technical conditions of their time periods, are considered as examples of religious structuring. In the planning of our cemeteries, different types of advancement, usage and structuring are observed, due to changes that occur in parallel with urban life. Despite the rapidly changing and positively developing branches of art and science, parallel transformation is not observed in grave structures. Since the historical artifacts that made it to the present day also describe the life styles, traditions and customs of the people of their time periods, they also show us the urban life, plans and structural usage of those time periods. Grave structures produced with traditional forms and materials in the past have now turned into products that are far from being aesthetical or durable. The cemeteries structures, which have been corrupted by the fact that today's life has moved away from aesthetics and gravitated towards semiindustrial products that can be produced cheaply and quickly, is an issue that concerns every segment of the society; however, not much work has been done on it, which can be seen as a separate indicator of how today's sensitivity on this issue has differentiated.

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OSMANLI DÖNEMİ TRABZON’DA AİLE (1700-1730)

Author(s): Fatih ÇİÇEK / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 18/2023

Sociologically, the most basic unit block of societies is the family. The family institution, whose existence and importance has increased in the historical process, has undertaken a very important function in the continuation of the social structure. In this sense, every society has given great importance to the family institution. The family institution has undertaken important duties in transferring cultural identity and historical consciousness to future generations. In this study, XVIII. It is aimed to contribute to the historical and sociological determination through the example of Trabzon in the century. In this study, it was prepared by using the sharia registers, which are important archival documents of Ottoman social history studies. Based on these sources, the factors that formed the family unity in Trabzon between the years 1700- 1730 were emphasized. In this direction, as far as it is reflected in the Trabzon law registers, the formation process of the family first; In this study, the age at which individuals are considered as cons- enting to marriage, engagement, mahr, spouses and children are discussed. In the continuation of the study, divorce and iddah alimony are discussed in the continuation of this process, related to the disintegration of the family unity. In the study, some comparisons were made considering the economic conditions of the period. In the study, it was evaluated whether polygamy had an effect on the number of children.

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TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜNDE AĞAÇ VE FATİH ALBÜMÜNDEKİ KÂĞIT OYMA AĞAÇLAR

Author(s): Burcu Eryilmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 42/2023

Culture is the whole of material and spiritual values created by societies. It has taken shape according to variables such as climate, geography, social environment, belief structure and formed traditional cultural values specifictonations. Symbols found in cultural products in a wide geography extending from Central Asiato Anatolia have affected the cultural interaction between societies and the dynamics in the process of social existence such as religion and customs. The products of spiritual culture kneaded in culture are in the domain of the world of symbols. The tree is also an important symbol for the Turks. The symbolism of plants and trees in Central Asian Turks begins with the first creation myths. Thus, beech, pine, cedar, apple, juniperetc. İn Central Asian Turkish Mythology andbeliefs. Trees were generally regarded as sacred, and a cult of trees developed, even extending to the descent of man from trees. It is possible to see various tree motifs in all areas within the traditional Turkish decorative arts, which constitute an important part of our culture. The art of “Katı”, one of our traditional book arts, which is about to disappear today, shows us the importance of the tree cult in the 15th century with the Fatih album. In this album, superior Works were revealed with a fine workmanship and detailed application in line with the tree cult. By examining the carved wooden works in this album, it is aimed to reveal the importance of Turkish paper carving art, the effect of the tree cult on culture and its reflection on art.

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Reprezentacje Zagłady w kulturze polskiej (1939–2019). Problematyka Zagłady w sztukach wizualnych i popkulturze, red. Sławomir Buryła, Dorota Krawczyńska, Jacek Leociakred

Author(s): Justyna Kowalska-Leder / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2022

Review of: Reprezentacje Zagłady w kulturze polskiej (1939–2019). Problematyka Zagłady w sztukach wizualnych i popkulturze, t. 1–2, red. Sławomir Buryła, Dorota Krawczyńska, Jacek Leociak, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo IBL PAN, 2021, 672 s.

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ÇORUM LEBLEBİSİ VE HEDİYELİK KUTUDAKİ GEZGİN KENT BELLEĞİ İMGESİ

Author(s): Ahmet Emin Şahiner / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 42/2023

In this study; the transformation of an element in the natural, historical and cultural heritage of a city into a cultural image and this image into a brand symbolizing the city in the cultural economic field and cultural tourism is discussed. The aim of the study is to discuss the role and importance of urban images in the processes of local prominence against cultural globalization through the sample of Çorum roasted chickpeas. Data were collected from the written and electronic cultural environment on the subject by document analysis technique and these data were examined. The general web pages of Çorum roasted chickpea in the virtual/digital area opened by local operators were examined, and the profession of roasted chickpeas, which turned into e-commerce, was emphasized. In the 21st century, it is more important for a city to be able to use that product as a cultural image in the cultural economic field, to gain a multi-faceted income and to get a share from the field of cultural tourism, rather than being considered the “homeland” of a product. The presence of Çorum chickpeas in the economic field as a cultural image and its contribution to cultural tourism were evaluated; ın the context of the Turkish gift-giving tradition, it has been observed that the memory of the city is reflected in the creative designs of the gift boxes of the Çorum roasted chickpeas used in local businesses and sales on the general web pages. reflecting the city's natural, historical and cultural heritage on gift chickpeas boxes; to preserve, sustain and sustain the culture; it contributes to the increase of cultural tourism by contributing to the city in the cultural and economic field.

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Kaptan Fantastik (2016): Kapitalizm Kıskacında Başka Bir Hayat Mümkün mü?

Author(s): Deniz Yüceer Berker,Cem Yıldırım / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 15/2023

All the structural changes that capitalism has caused in the historical process have brought about economic and cultural changes in social life and therefore in social institutions. The family, religion and education institutions, which are among the structures that have undergone changes with capitalism, are important because of their ideological functions at the point of approval of the current system. Today, neoliberalism is seen as a necessity, even a completely natural way to ensure social order in many parts of the world, and it is underlined that no other alternative order is possible. Social institutions and structures are transforming in a way that reinforces this belief. In this context this study examines the movie Captain Fantastic (2016), which is about the life of a family that resists the existing capitalist system and the institutions affected by capitalism, with the lifestyle they have established. The aim of this study is to reveal the discourse of the film within the framework of the question of how possible to live an alternative life completely outside of the institutional structures shaped by capitalism. For this purpose, by using the descriptive analysis method, the compromises and contrasts between the capital system and the family in the movie were tried to be revealed.

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Ömer Kavur’un Erken Dönem Filmleri: Varoluşçu Arayışların Sineması

Author(s): Mustafa Kemal Sancar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 15/2023

This study, which aims to reveal the formal and content elements that make up Ömer Kavur's cinema, with an auteurist perspective, analyses the factors in question in relation to existential philosophy. For this purpose, first of all, Kavur's unique style as an auteur settlement and the common features in his films are explained. Having created his own style and thus an award-winning filmmaker in many national and international fields, Kavur is one of the first Turkish cinema artists to come to mind as an "auteur" from the creative main cast. After Yeşilçam's social realist films, he follows existential themes both in films written with original stories and in adaptation films. The inclusion of the aforementioned themes in the films is by saying elements within the film narrative or in search of all of Kavur's unique forms and contents. Two film analysis methods were used to reveal these elements. After determining the elements that make up the Kavur cinema with the method of author criticism, the meanings that carry an existential philosophy approach from these components are analysed with the method of film criticism. As a result of the analyses limited to "Yatık Emine" (1975), "Yusuf ile Kenan" (1979) and "Kırık Bir Aşk Hikâyesi" (1981), which are among the director's early films; In certain formal and contextual context factors, it is used that notions such as existence, death and alienation that existentialist philosophers deal with are covered in the scope of filmic narration.

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