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Пост-еколошки приступи у проучавању урбаних структура

Пост-еколошки приступи у проучавању урбаних структура

Author(s): Ivan Ratkaj / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2005

Fundamental methods of the traditional urban ecology were gradually developed toward social area analysis and, subsequently, toward factorial ecology, which mostly employ inductive approach to define regularities in the social structures of the city. On the basis of the famous Chicago school, beside urban ecology, approaches dealing with behavioural processes and relevant administrative decisions in the context of spatial pattern and structure of residential zones, were developed. Both factorial ecology and behavioural derived from classical urban ecology, even though the proponents of the latter tend to set themselves apart from the Chicago school by criticising it. The last few decades were marked with the strong influence of social theory into urban literature, as well as with strict critique of the traditional ecological approach.

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Демографска и функционална обележја рудничких насеља

Демографска и функционална обележја рудничких насеља

Author(s): Snežana Vujadinović,Mirjana Gajić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2007

The paper deals with the main characteristics of demographic and functional development of the settlements in the southeastern piedmot area of Rudnik. The present characteristics resulted from pronounced and long-term economic underdevelopment. A low level of birth rate and moving to Gornji Milanovac and Kragujevac caused great depopulation in most villages. Demographically small and old villages are faced with further depopulation. Vraćevšnica (centre of the community of villages) stands out in its stable demographic and functional development.

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Бела Вода – савремени демографски процеси и проблеми

Бела Вода – савремени демографски процеси и проблеми

Author(s): Ljiljana Dimitrijević,Aleksandar Radivojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2007

The village Bela Voda is situated on the left bank of the Zapadna Morava, 14 km north-west from Krusevac. Numerous archeological sites are recorded and they testify about the population of this area since the Neolithic ie. a period when people started to do agriculture until nowadays. Bela Voda was founded, according to legend, in the time of Prince Lazar. It was destroyed and rebuilt for many times, and after the liberation from the Turks, in the mid 19th century, it experienced its full cultural and economical prosperity. During the last 150 years the residents of Bela Voda, gave great care to education and culture and achieved a lot in these fields. Today Bela Voda is a settlement facing numerous demographic problems. Natural, social and economic factors are the most imported for the demographics development of Bela Voda (small birth rate, growth death rate, negative natural increase). Demographic and economic development depends of demographic processes last few decades.

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Демографске промене у насељима општине Сокобања током друге половине XX века

Демографске промене у насељима општине Сокобања током друге половине XX века

Author(s): Mila A. Pavlović,Aleksandar Radivojević,Ljiljana Dimitrijević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5/2008

Municipality of Sokobanja represents a specific geo-space in demographic aspect. In the second half of the 20th century an intensive process of demographic changes has begun in the populated structures of this municipality. Changes in number of inhabitants are characterized by a constant reduction based on negative population growth rate and significant emigrations as well. Besides Sokobanja, the only town settlement in the studied area, all other settlements has recorded a constant reduction in number of inhabitants during the analyzed period. The basic carrier of changes in the territory of Sokobanja Municipality is the Sokobanja town settlement which attracts inhabitants and acts like center of growth. On the other hand, rural settlements, due to migrations and negative population growth rate, represent an area of demographic decrease of inhabitants. Reason for this situation can be found in the fact that the trade structure in this area during the 20th century did not provide employment nor adequate standard of inhabitants, nor contributed to development of the settlements, which brought to significant emigration on the village – town relation, but also emigrations out of this Municipality toward Belgrade and other bigger city centers in Serbia.

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Młodzi na wsi i w mieście – jakość zatrudnienia jako wymiar zróżnicowania szans zawodowych osób młodych

Młodzi na wsi i w mieście – jakość zatrudnienia jako wymiar zróżnicowania szans zawodowych osób młodych

Author(s): Magdalena Jelonek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The article examines the differences in the quality of employment available to young people living in rural areas and cities. It argues that the latter are more likely to not only have a job, but also one of high quality. In the article, job quality is characterised using the OECD’s three dimensions: the level of remuneration, employment stability and the quality of the work environment. The survey data collected as part of Human Capital in Poland (BKL) was used to verify the assumptions. The study makes two main contributions to the literature. First, it shows that the greatest differences between urban and rural residents are associated with the superior opportunity urban dwellers have for economic advancement. Second, it identifies two key factors that moderate the relationship between place of residence and quality of employment: 1) the region (strong or weak urban centers) and 2) the level of education (higher or lower levels).

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Основне тенденције у демографском развоју Витановца и околине

Основне тенденције у демографском развоју Витановца и околине

Author(s): Snežana Vujadinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5/2008

Changes of demographic development of Vitanovac and settlements in its direct and wider encirclement were analyzed in the paper. Above the short review on the historical development of the settlements, the essence of the paper was to point out the reasons and eventual consequences of present depopulation processes. Due to stagnation in the economic development, loss of some functions, even by population the largest settlements with the most suitable developmental potentials (Vitanovac, Cukojevac, Stubal) are meeting the problem of depopulation and population ageing. The example of these settlements showed the demographic capacity is one of the significant indicators of the degree of settlement development.

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Conflicts over Land Use in the Moscow Region

Author(s): David L. Ransel / Language(s): English Issue: 37/2016

The lands of the Moscow region are currently undergoing a transformation that may be as profound in its own way as the collectivization of farmland in the 1930s. In that earlier time the shift was from family-based private or communal farming to collective and state farms in a process that included uncompensated appropriation of land, livestock, and farm machinery, plus the arrest and deportation of anyone who resisted. Although the current transformation involves re-privatization of land, it is not a reversal of the process of collectivization but an entirely new stage of land exploitation. Developers and prosperous individuals, not the former farm families, are rapidly acquiring these lands by fair means and foul in order to construct high-priced housing in gated compounds, and these new owners show little regard for the ecology, the people long resident in the region, or even established zones of protection of cultural heritage sites. An unequal struggle is underway on the part of local citizens to save access to meadows, rivers, ponds, and woods that had belonged to their collective farms and have long be regarded as shared community assets. They are being joined by scientists, artists and lawyers who seek to halt the destruction of cultural heritage sites. These opponents have formed small islands of civil society action and succeeded in some places to limit or delay new construction.

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Dziewietnastowieczny park miejski w Kaliszu. Historia, władza i komercja w przestrzeni kultury popularnej

Dziewietnastowieczny park miejski w Kaliszu. Historia, władza i komercja w przestrzeni kultury popularnej

Author(s): Makary Górzyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2013

This paper presents history of the public garden in Kalisz at the turn of 19 – 20 centuries and main narratives of its functioning. The aim of this article is to connect garden architecture and sculpture from around 1900 with the town public sphere and visual culture. Architectural structures and garden patterns shaped crucial spaces of modern recreation and commerce in this industrial city. At the same time, Kalisz public garden may serve as a perfect example of interactions in space between narratives of history, Russian government power or private desire, unfolding class‐, national‐ or gender‐based divisions.

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Zamysł - realizacja - odbiór. Łamanie tabu w przestrzeni publicznej

Zamysł - realizacja - odbiór. Łamanie tabu w przestrzeni publicznej

Author(s): Ewelina Woźniak-Szpakiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2012

In this text I intend to illustrate the condition of Krakow's public space. The main idea of ​​the article are two architectural and urban interiors: Mały Rynek and Plac Wolnica. I undertake the above task based on the analysis of the author's artistic provocation. During this provocation, it was possible to observe various reactions that provided extremely valuable information on the current state of urban space, and - in its context - the functioning of taboo areas.

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Żonglerka pojęciem, czyli refleksja nad przestrzenią publiczną w świetle rozwoju kapitału społecznego

Żonglerka pojęciem, czyli refleksja nad przestrzenią publiczną w świetle rozwoju kapitału społecznego

Author(s): Anna Cudny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2012

The concept of public space has become extremely roomy and is used more often for rhetorical purposes than as an element of scientific argumentation. A similar phenomenon occurs in relation to the concept of social capital, which has become a social reality and began to function as a conceptual category used in the analysis of problems in almost all areas of life. But in this case, it is not an incorrect use of the concept, but a lack of consistent definition, resulting from the fact that it is a relatively new concept and still being researched - both in terms of sources and consequences of existence.

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Porywacze psów i kebabowe podziemie. Współczesne mity kulinarne o obcych

Porywacze psów i kebabowe podziemie. Współczesne mity kulinarne o obcych

Author(s): Marcin Napiórkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2012

The author discuss urban myths about meals served by chefs from other cultures than Polish, especially Chinese/Vietnamese and Turkish. But what are the culinary myths for? We can approach them as a social practice and ask another question: what exactly are the city's myths for? To answer this question, it was taken advantage of the similarity between culinary myths about foreigns and the phenomenon of culinary taboos and its relation to totemism.

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Антропогеографска испитивања севернобанатског села Бочара по моделу Војислава С. Радовановића

Антропогеографска испитивања севернобанатског села Бочара по моделу Војислава С. Радовановића

Author(s): Đ. Dragan Obradović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 12/2015

Bočar is an old village in the northwestern Banat, with distance of 21 km southwest of Kikinda and 25 km northeast from the municipality of Novi Bečej. In this paper we analyzed, according to model by Vojislav S. Radovanović, the basic anthropogeographically characteristics of Bočar, position and type of settlement, origin and history, the name and origin of the population, economic and cultural occasions, as well as prospects for further development of the village. The constant decrease of the population, especially emigration of reproductive-age population has led to the negative demographic changes that have caused the shutdown and the weakening of the many functions of the village.

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Bursa Osmangazi Yıldırım Ve Nilüfer İlçelerinde Uygulanan Bina Ölçeğinde Dönüşüm Projelerinin Analizi

Bursa Osmangazi Yıldırım Ve Nilüfer İlçelerinde Uygulanan Bina Ölçeğinde Dönüşüm Projelerinin Analizi

Author(s): Ibrahim Yilmaz,Hatice Biçen Yılmaz,Handan Aksüyek / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 36/2017

Osmangazi, Yıldırım and Nilüfer are the centers with high social, cultural and economic mobility of Bursa. In parallel with the development in the Bursa industry, a large number of illegal residential areas were established in Osmangazi and Yıldırım districts under the influence of unplanned and uncontrolled growth brought by excessive migration. On the other hand, the construction activities in Nilüfer province were not adequately supervised due to the difficulties of over-construction, especially during the construction activities before 1999 Marmara earthquake. For this reason, in Nilüfer district, a large number of buildings with low construction quality, which were not built so as to be resistant against earthquake, have been produced. As we can see, the city of Bursa faces many transformation problems, such as the development of durable urban spaces, the development of illegally constructed residential areas, and the improvement of poorly constructed urban areas without taking existing urban and natural habitats into consideration. In this context, in situ transformation applications, which are presented as a transformation model in order to produce earthquake-focused structures in the Osmangazi, Yıldırım and Nilüfer districts, are investigated. For this purpose, a face-to-face interview survey was conducted with 2,894 people living in the related districts, and based on the results of the survey, an effort was made in order to determine the opinions and expectations of the resident owners on the transformation of the buildings.

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Stavebná činnosť a bývanie v Prešporku od polovice 19. storočia do roku 1919

Stavebná činnosť a bývanie v Prešporku od polovice 19. storočia do roku 1919

Author(s): Lenka Vargová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2015

This paper is divided into two parts the first of which examines the urban space in Bratislava (Prešporok) during the last decades of the existence of Austro-Hungarian monarchy, primarily through basic information about the city’s administrative division, its inhabitants and its infrastructure. We also focus on housing developments and construction, prevailing architectural styles and examples of new buildings using photographic documentation. In the second part of the paper, we survey and review both permanent and temporary museum exhibitions in Bratislava’s cultural institutions that concentrate on the daily life in Bratislava in the 19th and early 20th century.

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Trends of Transformation of Historic Small Towns in Landscape

Author(s): Gintarė Vitovaitė,Vilma Karvelytė Balbierienė / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

Since the middle of the 20th century the significance of the historic towns has changed in the urban cadastre of Lithuania and in the hierarchy system of visual landmarks of landscape. In general, the landscape characteristics of the localities have an impact on the formation of the general vision of the country. Rural areas have accumulated cultural heritage distinguished by valuable characteristics that are considered to be as greatly valuable material to strengthen the identity of the country and to reveal the uniqueness of it. The active demographic, economic, social processes in the country have caused changes in the situation of those towns. Thus, it is important to predict and control the processes of transformations in those areas in order to support and shape the cultural identity of the local communities at the same time to preserve cultural landscape. The aim of the research is to study and structure the trends transformations of historic towns in landscape to be able to protect valuable rural historic urban structures as well as to suggest measures for their maintenance and management, with reference to the theoretical and practical analysis of the available material and the results of the empirical studies.

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677 Sayılı Kanun, Türbeleri “Millileştirme” ve Yıkıcı Sonuçları: Geç Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e Türbedarlık

Author(s): Gökçen Beyinli Dinç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2017

One of the foundational laws of the Republic of Turkey on the exclusion of the Ottoman heritage and Islam is the Law 677 which was enacted in 1925. The Law outlawed the mystic orders and closed their lodges as well as hundreds of shrines in the country and prohibited visiting them. Shrine keepers were dismissed and replaced by shrine officers in some shrines. Relying substantially on Republican archives, Parliamentary Proceedings and the previously untapped archival evidence from the Istanbul Museum Directorate of Shrines (İstanbul Türbeler Müze Müdürlüğü), this article examines the transformation of this occupation and “nationalization” of shrines from 1925 to the 1970s by situating the analysis within its legal context. It will elaborate who was a shrine keeper in the late Ottoman Empire, what happened to the shrines and shrine keepers after the shrines were closed down, the theft incidents the new shrine officers were involved with, policies regarding the “nationalization” of shrines and the tensions as well as negotiations between different actors regarding the shrines. Aiming to shed light on a previously untackled aspect of republican history, the article demonstrates how the abandonment of shrines and the policy of nationalizing and turning them into museums brought along a rupture in the cultural history of the country and contributed to the destruction of historical heritage.

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СЕОСКА КУЋА НА ЈУЖНИМ ПАДИНАМА ПОВЛЕНА: 1800–1970.

СЕОСКА КУЋА НА ЈУЖНИМ ПАДИНАМА ПОВЛЕНА: 1800–1970.

Author(s): Duško Kuzović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 143/2013

Houses in the village area on the southern slopes of Mt. Povlen began their development in the late 18th century with the arrival of the first settlers from Montenegro and Herzegovina. In the new habitat, the immigrants were applying knowledge and skills acquired in villages they came from. Natural conditions at this new location offered them wide range of construction materials. Rapid economic development stimulated the transition from livestock to farming and more intensive plum growing. New activities influenced in a new way the shape of rural houses. Slow development of transportation and public administration also influenced in a certain way the house forming. At the same time, organization and relationships within the family remained almost the same. All the influences on the development of rural houses can be traced in the saved objects on the site and in written materials. Based on the objects on the site, breakpoints from one stage to another could be established. Knowledge in this very area may help to understand the 21st century village architecture. Objects presented in this paper were recorded for personal project from 1996 to 2000.

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ZOEPOLIS. W stronę dizajnu poza paradygmatem antropocentrycznym

ZOEPOLIS. W stronę dizajnu poza paradygmatem antropocentrycznym

Author(s): Monika Rosińska,Agata Szydłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2017

The article provides an introductory discussion on design practice that contributes to a possible constitution of an expanded community composed of humans, non-human animals and other species. It starts with an examination of existing approaches to design and art that take into consideration relationships between humans and non-humans. We divide them into three types: one, which is focused on a wildlife protection, second which reflects on an animal perspective and third, which recognizes animals as creators. Departing from a critique of given approaches we propose a new one basing on theories of Will Kymlicka and Sue Donaldson, Donna Haraway, Joanna Bednarek and Bruno Latour. Thus the concept of zoepoliscould be defined as a city and a community of living creatures. It would be based not on a hierarchy but on relations on various levels. This concept leads us to a formulation of possible questions and challenges of this expanded community for design practice where material environment could mediate between species and facilitate the cohabitation.

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Komfort akustyczny w open space w narracji projektantów

Komfort akustyczny w open space w narracji projektantów

Author(s): Anita Basińska,Agnieszka Jeran / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2017

Nowadays a significant amount of work is office work. How it is performed is determined by both applied techniques of human resources management and organization of workspace; both these factors relate to each other. The increasing importance of good working conditions, as well as effectiveness, lead to serious discussions about the importance of comfort in a work place. Because the most popular type of workspace is open space, we have analyzed design solutions to provide comfort to employees. We have analyzed 50 projects published on the site sztukawnetrza.pl, and then we classified and described methods and means that reduce noise in open space.It has also caught our attention that in Poland there seems to be no objective acoustic indicators clearly defining the accepted noise level. This indicates the absence of such narration among designers though it does not mean such standards are not applied.

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Породица и социјални развој: Између ризика и капитала

Породица и социјални развој: Између ризика и капитала

Author(s): Vesna Miletić-Stepanović,Ljubica Rajković / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 3/2010

This paper analyzes the relationship between family and social development in Serbia and Macedonia at the time of post-socialist transformation, stressing the ambivalence between risk and capital. The theoretical starting point is provided, first, by the theory of structuration by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and an analysis of traditional and modern patriarchate by feminists author Carol Patmen. The paper deals with three issues: 1. the role of extended families; 2. re-traditionalisation of the woman’s role in the family; and 3. violence against women as a health risk: the risks of birth control and symbolic risks (of strengthening traditional authority and marital power of men). The study relied on the following data sources: 1. statistical data for Serbia and Macedonia; 2. research findings by Vera Ehrlich, “Family in the Transformation - the Study of Three Hundred Yugoslav Villages”; 3. findings from two sample investigations: a) the study by the Institute for Sociological Research of the Faculty of Philosophy on a representative sample, b) the study of the position of rural women on the sample of 580 rural families under observation in six districts of the central Serbia (Zlatiborski, Šumadijski, Rasinski, the City of Belgrade, Nišavski and Borski). Special attention will be paid to the regions of Macedonia along the border with Serbia - Pološki, Skopje and the Northeastern.

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