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CANNABIS POLICY REFORM IN GERMANY: CONSTITUTIONAL AND POLITICAL DISCOURSES ON DECRIMINALIZATION AND REGULATION STRATEGIES

CANNABIS POLICY REFORM IN GERMANY: CONSTITUTIONAL AND POLITICAL DISCOURSES ON DECRIMINALIZATION AND REGULATION STRATEGIES

Author(s): Stefanie KEMME,Kristin PFEFFER,Luise von RODBERTUS / Language(s): English Issue: 5-6/2018

There is relentless discussion in Germany about the right manner to deal with cannabis and its users. In 1994 and 2004, the Federal Constitutional Court reaffirmed the legal appropriateness of prohibition. However, since then, data about the dangers and effects of cannabis use have quieted alarm, and Europe, alongside the once-prohibitive United States, has had its initial experiences with liberalized use of cannabis. Since the founding of the Schildower Kreis, a network of experts from science and practice, 122 criminal law professors have petitioned the Bundestag for an Enquête Commission. The basis of the Federal Constitutional Court’s decision no longer exists. The Narcotics Act and constitutional discourse on cannabis prohibition need to be reviewed, as do political arguments about wasted resources and high costs, led by empirical examinations from Hamburg University of Applied Police Sciences. This study surveys police officers for their thoughts about drug policy and dealing with cannabis-related offenses. Results show that the attitudes of criminal detectives (contrary to the officers of the security police) have changed since the 1990s and that prohibition is not considered effective. Indications of a paradigm shift in drug policy, as required by the Global Commission on Drug Policy, are appearing in Germany.

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PROBLEMS OF CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY AND TOOLS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF OFFICER’S SKILLS ON CONFLICT PREVENTION MISSIONS. GAP - GAMING FOR PEACE PROJECT

PROBLEMS OF CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY AND TOOLS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF OFFICER’S SKILLS ON CONFLICT PREVENTION MISSIONS. GAP - GAMING FOR PEACE PROJECT

Author(s): Aleksandra Nowak / Language(s): English Issue: 5-6/2018

We are living in very diverse word. We meet a lot of people from different cultures and religions in our private life and on duty. The world is becoming more and more biased and radicalized. Gaming for Peace (GAP project) is a project funded through the European Commission Horizon 2020 Securities programme. GAP is developing a new curriculum in soft skills for instance communication, cooperation, empathy and understanding and gender awareness and cultural competency for personnel deployed in peacekeeping missions.

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Transforming Rehabilitation: Another example of English ‘exceptionalism’ or a blueprint for the rest of Europe?
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Transforming Rehabilitation: Another example of English ‘exceptionalism’ or a blueprint for the rest of Europe?

Author(s): Jill Annison,Lol Burke,Paul Senior / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

The Transforming Rehabilitation agenda represents a radical departure in the way that rehabilitative services are delivered in England and Wales. Under the proposed changes, the existing Probation Trusts will be replaced by a significantly smaller National Probation Service dealing with the rump of high-risk public protection cases. The supervision and delivery of services to those offenders assessed as low and medium risk will be contracted to a range of providers on a payment by results basis. In this introduction to the special edition of the European Journal of Probation, the authors trace the policy developments that have extended the scope of the privatisation of state services in England and Wales. They then consider the values underpinning these developments and the potential impact on probation work before finally exploring the ways in which the current debate over the future of the probation service in England and Wales are being constructed and responses to this crisis shaped. This is organised into four interrelated arguments – the evidence response; the implementation response; the media response and the reclaim response.

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Johannes Wheeldon, After the Spring: Probation, Justice Reform, and Democratization from the Baltics to Beirut
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Johannes Wheeldon, After the Spring: Probation, Justice Reform, and Democratization from the Baltics to Beirut

Author(s): Keith Davies / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

Review of: Keith Davies - Johannes Wheeldon, After the Spring: Probation, Justice Reform, and Democratization from the Baltics to Beirut, Eleven International Publishing: The Hague, 2013; 307 pp.: ISBN 978-94-90947-59-0, £32.50 (pbk)

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Inequality and Punitivism in Late Modern Societies: Scandinavian Exceptionalism Revisited
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Inequality and Punitivism in Late Modern Societies: Scandinavian Exceptionalism Revisited

Author(s): Monica Barry,Dag Leonardsen / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2012

In The Culture of Control, Garland (2001) suggests that whilst not inevitable, it is likely that late modern societies will experience increased punitivism. Certain critics have questioned to what extent Scandinavian countries should be included in that assumption, given their unique welfare systems and public/media reactions to crime, and this article comments on one in particular – Green (2008), in a comparison of child murder by children in England and Norway. We argue that punitivism is indeed increasing in Norway along the lines already identified in Anglo-American countries, albeit at the slower rate acknowledged by Green. However, the relevant benchmark for testing Garland’s thesis is not only to compare between countries but also to look for changes within countries. We argue that there is a link between late modernity and increasing punitivism in Norway, that the main cause of the comparative ‘uniqueness’ of Norway is its low rates of inequality and that ‘cultural’ explanations, though relevant, are secondary.

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New Directions in Community Supervision: Should We Target High Risk Offenders, High Risk Times, and High Risk Locations?
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New Directions in Community Supervision: Should We Target High Risk Offenders, High Risk Times, and High Risk Locations?

Author(s): James Byrne / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2012

This paper addresses a simple question: what have researchers in the United States and other countries learned about probation performance generally and the effectiveness of specific probation practices in particular? While the „science‟ derived from the evaluation studies is still weak, it has been argued that probation could be organized along three risk dimensions, targeting high-risk times, high-risk offenders and high-risk locations. Research examining these risk dimensions is presented here, and the implications for an emerging desistance-based probation paradigm are considered.

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A Framework for a Restorative Society? Restorative Justice in Northern Ireland
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A Framework for a Restorative Society? Restorative Justice in Northern Ireland

Author(s): Vicky Conway,Brian Payne / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

Presenting findings of an unparalleled study, mapping the extent of restorative practices in Northern Ireland, this article argues that while some examples of the use of restorative justice in Northern Ireland have been researched in detail, it is in fact being employed in a much wider range of contexts, including schools and children’s care homes. This diversity in restorative justice deployment is used to frame arguments for restorative justice to be given stronger footing by government citing the great potential for Northern Ireland to become a ‘restorative society’. Key findings from the mapping research are presented as an explanation for previous growth in restorative practices to date and as a facilitator for further growth both in Northern Ireland and in other jurisdictions. These include recognition that the definition and application of restorative justice must be determined by situation and context, and that the continued expansion of restorative practices is dependent on the cross-fertilisation of ideas both from abroad, but also between organisations within a jurisdiction.

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Philip Whitehead: Exploring modern probation. Social theory and organisational complexity
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Philip Whitehead: Exploring modern probation. Social theory and organisational complexity

Author(s): Anna Matczak / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

Review of: Anna Matczak - Exploring modern probation. Social theory and organisational complexity. By Philip Whitehead (The Policy Press: Bristol, 2010, 186pp. £23.99)

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Judicial Rehabilitation? A view from England
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Judicial Rehabilitation? A view from England

Author(s): Nicky Padfield / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

Criminal records in England are maintained by the police, and there is no possibility of ‘judicial rehabilitation’, in the narrow sense of a judicial decision which authorizes the wiping clean of the record. However, the law is complex. The Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974, was designed, as the name suggests, to help in the rehabilitation of offenders by penalizing the unauthorized disclosure of their previous conviction(s) after a period without further conviction. An offender becomes rehabilitated and the conviction is ‘spent’. However, the public protection agenda of recent years has resulted in the expansion of numerous exceptions to this law. Many organizations have access to the data held by the police, and individuals can be asked to provide a criminal record certificate (to potential employers). This paper explores these exceptions, and some recent court decisions which seek to balance the conflicting human rights and interests apparent in this area. It concludes, perhaps optimistically, that it is possible to see the potential for judicial rehabilitation in a looser sense, and even for redemptive rituals (see Maruna and LeBel, 2003), in English courts. However, at this moment any likelihood of a formal process of judicial rehabilitation, in the sense of record erasure, seems inconceivable.

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Nicola Padfield, Dirk van Zyl Smit and Frieder Dunkel (Eds): Release from Prison: European Policy and Practice
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Nicola Padfield, Dirk van Zyl Smit and Frieder Dunkel (Eds): Release from Prison: European Policy and Practice

Author(s): Hindpal Bhui / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

Review of: Hindpal Singh Bhui - Nicola Padfield, Dirk van Zyl Smit and Frieder Dunkel (Eds): Release from Prison: European Policy and Practice, Willan Publishing, 2010, 460pp, ISBN: 978-1-84392-741-9

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MARTIN PREVIŠIĆ, POVIJEST GOLOG OTOKA

MARTIN PREVIŠIĆ, POVIJEST GOLOG OTOKA

Author(s): Alen Borić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 19/2020

Review of: Alen Borić - Martin Previšić, Povijest Golog otoka, Zagreb: Fraktura, 2019, 636 str.

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EUROCRIM 2020 - 20. GODIŠNJA KONFERENCIJA EUROPSKOG UDRUŽENJA ZA KRIMINOLOGIJU 10. – 11. RUJNA 2020., ONLINE IZDANJE

EUROCRIM 2020 - 20. GODIŠNJA KONFERENCIJA EUROPSKOG UDRUŽENJA ZA KRIMINOLOGIJU 10. – 11. RUJNA 2020., ONLINE IZDANJE

Author(s): Karlo Bojčić,Petra Šprem / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3-4/2020

Jubilarna dvadeseta godišnja konferencija Europskog udruženja za kriminologiju prvobitno se trebala održati u glavnom gradu Rumunjske, Bukureštu. Međutim, zbog globalne pandemije koronavirusa, konferencija je ipak održana u online izdanju.

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FORMS OF ADAPTATION IN ROMANIAN PENITENTIARY

FORMS OF ADAPTATION IN ROMANIAN PENITENTIARY

Author(s): Costin-Marian Crînguş,Victoria Petlak,Cornelia Rada / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2020

Objectives. The objective of this study was to explore defense mechanisms and the self-efficacy that inmates in Romania developed in their deprivation of freedom Material and methods. Data were obtained from 111 adult respondents divided into 3 groups depending on the severity of the punishment. First group (N = 28) with prison sentences from one month to 3 years, second group (N = 45) with prison sentences from 3 to 5 years and the third group (N = 38) with sentences with more than 5 years of prison detention. Three concepts were studied by using the following questionnaires or scales: SES for self-efficacy; DSQ-60 for defense mechanisms. Results. 107 individual had an average level of personal beliefs about their capacities to mobilize their cognitive resources onto the stress that they face in the closed environment, self-efficacy also influences the resources allocated into solving a task. Even though it seems that there were no significant differences between the 30 defense mechanisms and the severity of the punishment of the three groups (p = 0.008). Conclusions. The enclosed environment has a hidden role. And this affiliation to the "community" of the penitentiary can be explained by the immediate assumption of the captive role. Altruism is the main defense mechanism used by detainees from this research and this could come from their integration to the penitentiary environment. Most of the participants were recidivists and this may establish their attachment to the prison culture.

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ULOGA PROVAJDERA BEZBEDNOSTI NA NACIONALNOM NIVOU U KONTROLI ZLOČINA MRŽNJE

ULOGA PROVAJDERA BEZBEDNOSTI NA NACIONALNOM NIVOU U KONTROLI ZLOČINA MRŽNJE

Author(s): Velibor Lalić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 41-42/2018

U ovom radu se analizira uloga provajdera bezbednosti na nacionalnom nivou u kontroli zločina mržnje. Poseban osvrt je dat na ulogu policije i tužilaštva, ali i drugih subjekata koji imaju društveni značaj u stvaranju pogodnog ambijenta za prevenciju ovih krivičnih dela. To su prvenstveno vaspito-obrazovne institucije, političke elite, i mediji. Efikasna kontrola zločina mržnje je sveobuhvatan proces u kome aktivno treba da budu uključeni različiti subjekti u društvu, ne samo organi formalne društvene kontrole. Integalni prisup ovom problemu dugoročno može dati pozitivne rezultate, bilo da je reč o represivnom delovanju ili o prevenciji.

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THE ROLE OF SECURITY PROVIDERS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL IN THE CONTROL OF HATE CRIMES

THE ROLE OF SECURITY PROVIDERS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL IN THE CONTROL OF HATE CRIMES

Author(s): Velibor Lalić / Language(s): English Issue: 41-42/2018

In this paper is analysed the role of security providers at the national level in the control of hate crimes. The special particular reference is given on the role of the police and prosecutor’s office but also the other entities which have a social significance in the creation of the suitable environment for the prevention of these criminal offences. Those are primarily educational institutions, political elites and media. Efficient control of the hate crimes is a comprehensive process in which should actively be involved different entities in the society, not only the authorities of the formal social control. Integral approach to this problem can give positive results in the long run, whether it is about the repressive action or the prevention.

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OLDER CRIMINALS AND THE CRIMES THEY COMMIT

OLDER CRIMINALS AND THE CRIMES THEY COMMIT

Author(s): Charles Hegstrom,Brian F. Kingshott,Michael J. Palmiotto / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2013

This paper examines crimes committed by older people. Older people may commit crimes committed by those in younger age groups. It would be expected that they do not commit crimes to the extent that those in their 20’s and 30’s do. With the older population increasing substantially in the decades ahead it should be expected that the crime rate of older people may also increase. This paper examines the crimes older people commit and their potential for committing crimes in the coming decades.

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PREDSTAVNICI STARIJE POPULACIJE KAO AKTERI KRIVIČNIH DJELA

PREDSTAVNICI STARIJE POPULACIJE KAO AKTERI KRIVIČNIH DJELA

Author(s): Michael J. Palmiotto,Brian F. Kingshott,Charles Hegstrom / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 34/2013

Rad se bavi krivičnim djelima počinjenim od strane starijih osoba. Starije osobe počinjavaju zločine koji su karakteristični za mlađe uzrasne grupe. Naravno, za očekivati je da oni ne mogu počiniti zločine u istom obimu kao kriminalci uzrasne dobi 20 i 30 godina. S obzirom na porast starije populacije, moguće je očekivati i porast stope zločina. U radu se analiziraju zločini počinjeni od strane starije populacije, kao i njihov kriminalni potencijal u nadolazećim decenijama.

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The pains of release: Federally-sentenced women’s experiences on parole
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The pains of release: Federally-sentenced women’s experiences on parole

Author(s): Laura McKendy,Rosemary Ricciardelli / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Contributing to the international literature on reintegration and parole governance, we examine the release experiences of women (n=43) who served time in federal Canadian prison through a qualitative content analysis of casework documents. We show that the multiple stressors of release, combined with layers of social marginality, may render the “pains of release” as equally compromising to (albeit distinct from) those associated with imprisonment. Findings reveal several key pains of re-entry for formerly incarcerated women experience: Over stimulation, social disorientation and social precarity; missing “hooks” for new identities; parental and custodial struggles; extensive parole obligations; and living conditions. Implications for policy and case management practices are presented.

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The role of criminogenic needs and emotions in restorative justice: Offenders’ experiences in victim–offender mediation
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The role of criminogenic needs and emotions in restorative justice: Offenders’ experiences in victim–offender mediation

Author(s): Anna Melendez Pereto / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Restorative interventions can deal with some criminogenic needs. They can address the offenders’ antisocial attitudes, lack of problem-solving strategies, empathy and self-control or, substance use problems (Moraleda et al., 2004; Raynor et al., 2012; Vanstone and Raynor, 2012). At the same time, restorative justice practices offer the possibility to express emotions and feelings, which are essential elements in a transformative process. The purpose of this article is to identify both, criminogenic needs and emotions expression through offenders’ experiences in Victim–Offender mediation (VOM). The research is developed in three phases and include qualitative and quantitative research methods. This article focuses in the second and third phases. The second involves non participant observation of VOM (40); and the third requires a post-analysis of the process (questionnaires 40), which includes an interview (12) occurring six months after VOM. General data give us a variety of results, and qualitative analysis exemplifies the different cases.

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Linnéa Österman, Penal Cultures and Female Desistance
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Linnéa Österman, Penal Cultures and Female Desistance

Author(s): Ares Batlle Manonelles / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Review of: Ares Batlle Manonelles - Linnéa Österman, Penal Cultures and Female Desistance. London; New York: Routledge, 2018; 226 pp.: ISBN: 9780367481995, €33 (pbk).

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