Etnokultura i usmena književnost Hrvata u jajačkom kraju

Author(s): Marko Dragić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Rad je nastao u koautorstvu prof. dr. Marka Dragića i Katice Lozić Radielović koja je pod mentorstvom prof. Dragića napisala i obranila diplomski rad. Rad je komponiran od deset poglavlja i petnaestak potpoglavlja u kojima se obrađuju: božićni, korizmeni, svadbeni običaji, kao i običaji pri porodu, smrti, gradnji domova; posleničkim običajima te usmeno-književnim oblicima koji su ih pratili. Svi zapisi u radu snimljeni su izvorno na terenu te kao takvi imaju višestruk značaj: etnološki, antropološki, filološki, teološki i dr. Navedeni i interpretirani primjeri zorno svjedoče bogatstvo i raznovrsnost hrvatske narodne kulture i usmene književnosti u jajačkom kraju. Svi ti običaji i primjeri usmene književnosti imaju životnu i estetsku funkciju. U tim se običajima zrcali trinaeststoljetni život Hrvata u Jajcu. Zahvaljujući bogatoj duhovnoj baštini Hrvati su kroz minula stoljeća patnji, progona i stradanja sačuvali svoj vjerski i nacionalni identitet. Stoga je prvorazredan civilizacijski čin snimati narodne običaje i usmenu književnost. To je opći trend u naprednom svijetu.

Social Implications of Two Hindu Pilgrimages in Maharashtra

Author(s): Chihiro Koiso / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

There are two well-known pilgrimages in the state of Maharashtra, western India. One is the Pandharpur, held at fixed times, and the other is the Aṣtavināyaka (eight Gaṇeśa). The former is comparatively arduous and regimented, while the latter is more personal and pleasure oriented. Maharashtra has eight temples sacred to Gaṇeśa (collectively known as the astavinayaka), all located within a hundred-kilometre radius of the city of Pune. The aṣtavināyaka is a popular pilgrimage comprising a visit to all eight of these Gaṇeśa temples. Attracting many pilgrims, both pilgrimages contribute to the regional identity of Maharashtra. This paper shows that these two Hindu pilgrimages in Maharashtra are useful examples to help better understand the role of pilgrimage in modern India.

Three Main Forms of Oral Communication

Author(s): Vilmos Voigt / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Slatkost nebeske slave u predaji i egzemplu iz Besjeda ili Divkovićeva predodžba raja

Author(s): Antonija Zaradija Kiš / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Within the framework of oral (folk) literature and through the lense of literary-animalistic research, exemple, or moral anecdotes, have a special place. This short literary form, whose point of departure should be analyzed through European oral literature, is a key element of the sermon. In animalistic example the subject matter consists of animals that reflect various human characteristics and also act as a means for explaining abstract ideas such as time, transience, beauty, paradise. In this paper we focus on the popular example How Sweet are the Songs of Heaven (Kako su slatke piesni nebeske), the title given by fra Matija Divković in his Sermons (Besjede).

HUMANISTIČKA BAŠTINA I GLOBALIZACIJA

Author(s): Faruk Kozić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

The process of globalization affecting all countries. It is extremely important to the preservation od humanistic and cultural traditions, cultural heritage.

Radykalne głosy, marginalne spojrzenia

Author(s): Jędrzej Burszta / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Jędrzej Burszta’s chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the political and ideological dimensions of the process of canon-forming within the field of science fiction studies. The points of reference are the recent controversies surrounding the 2015 Hugo nominations and the online campaign of the groups “Sad Puppies” and “Rapid Puppies”. In the text, Burszta discusses the connection between defining science fiction and creating a canon of “proper” science fiction texts through “selective tradition”— a perspective that ultimately leads to creation of different, subjective canons of science fiction that are often, if not always, influenced by ideological choices. The author argues that the science fiction new wave movement in the 1970s has had a long-lasting impact on the way that it is defined by most science fiction scholars. Furthermore, the essay attempts to prove that contemporary heated debates on the political nature of science fiction (especially in the context of American science fiction) should be taken into consideration by science fiction scholars as important examples of the on-going “cultural war” and the politics of representation.

Обреди прелаза код Пољака у југословенским земљама

Author(s): Dušan Drljača / Language(s): Albanian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Some of the family customs of the life cycle of Polish (in Former Yugoslavia, in Poland and in diaspora) are discussed as the rites of passage, with the special consideration on the traditional and contemporary ritual model, both rural and urban. The selectivness of the elements in diaspora is indicated, as well as the vitality and the continuity of those the most important; the influences of the indigenous and of the other ethnics are also indicated.

Селищните и семейните празници – общностни маркери

Author(s): Petko Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The common rural and family holidays (sabor, svetetz, obrok, village and personal slava, zavetina) in Bulgars and Serbs which are impotrant for social and personal identification as the part of the life holiday cycle and of the family holiday cycle are analysed in this paper basing on the relevant literature and on the personal fieldwork. The role of the individual becomes the meaning of the marker of his/her belonging to certain territorial and family community. This holiday category clearly designs both social status and social prestige and also the exogamy and the endogamy matrimonial circle of the individual in the traditional society.

Сватбените дарове в българското социалистическо село – между разточителството и контрола

Author(s): Galin Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with the broadly discussed topic in Bulgarian socialist society public in the 20th century’s last decade: the splendour wedding, the money and the gift squandering, the demonstration of the material wealth and of the social status. Various forms of the gift exchange are analysed, considering their traditional prototypes and the former tendencies of constructing the rituals. Filedwork ethnographic data suggest "inner" points of view on these phenomena. The attempt of investigating the motives beyond them is made through analysing "the interpretations from the first hand".

RAT I SVETO

Author(s): Roger Caillois / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Kao saučesnik mitova, neka uzavrela snaga periodično iz osnova pokreće primitivna društva: ta snaga je praznik. To je pojava čije trajanje, snaga i širina samo iz daleka liče na dane sračunatih prolaznih zadovoljstava koje poznaju složenije civilizacije. Neopravdano pomislimo na odmor koji nam se nbrzo otkriva, ne kao ekvivalent, već kao suprotnost antičkih svetkovina.

Годишњи обичаји у Подавалским селима

Author(s): Milina Ivanović-Barišić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The subject of this research are recent changes in the annual folkways of villages located at the foot of Avala hill: Zuce, Pinosava, and Beli Potok. The period of time covered is the second half of the 20th century.

Прослава Божића на полуострву Луштица у Боки Которској - Сатница једног кућног празника

Author(s): Vesna Vučinić Nešković / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This article offers concrete account of an Orthodox Christmas celebration in a particular household on the Luštica Peninsula, Bay of Kotor. This Christmas celebration is treated as an ethnographic event comprising of a set of dynamic, successive and more or less variable activities of which the temporal and spatial framework, contents, actors and uses of artifacts are repeatedly created and recognized by each household in the local community. The thick description of the Christmas event comprises activities which occur during two principal days, Christmas itself and the day before, known in Serbian language as Božić and Badnji dan. In fact, a detailed schedule is given of all the preparatory, ritual and merrymaking activities that took place in the household of Petar Stojković at Christmas time in 1997. The schedule was reconstructed according to notes and video-material made during author’s stay with the Stojkovićs. The Stojković household comprises three generations, namely: the old host and his wife, their son and daughter in law, and three grandchildren. The family consider themselves Luštica natives, originating a few centuries back from Herzegovina. Their elders were mainly engaged in agriculture (producing olives, wine, wheat), but at all times, there was at least one family member working aboard a ship, or as an emigrant in South or North America. Even though the son is the only household member officially employed (in the Municipality of Hercegnovi), until 1990 all members contributed to the family earnings by promoting small-scale tourism. Even though the celebration of traditional religious festivities was not encouraged in the 1945-1980 period, this family as most of the other Luštica families, did not give up the celebration of Slava (house saint’s day), Prislužba (village saint’s day), Christmas nor Easter. Christmas ritual in the Stojković house, both in its constant features and in its variable components, is typical for the Luštica Peninsula. This account follows all the activities according to their time, place and actors. Badnji dan was characterized by numerous activities concerning the preparation of ritual food, such as Badnjačica (or Česnica, the Christmas bread), and the decoration of the Badnjaks (Yule logs) and the house (upper terrace, entrances, windows, icons, floor) with greenery. The main events of the day were at Badnje veče (Christmas Eve), with “Badnjak Christening” (Badnjak burning) on the open hearth, and communal sharing of Christmas Eve dinner. The rest of the evening was spent in the mutual visits by the village middle-aged men. They were welcomed in the old kitchens by the hearth, where they joined in the merrymaking, drinking and singing of Christmas songs. At midnight they gathered in one house to celebrate the “arrival of Christmas” and to break the fast by sharing of homemade sausages roasted upon the remains of Badnjaks. Božić started with the reception of Polaznik, the first guest that entered the house on Christmas, and continued with the attendance of the liturgy at St. Nicholas, the principal parochial church in Luštica. Christmas lunch is the most anticipated part of Christmas festivity. It is the first elaborate meal after a week long fast. This time, it included a local specialty served only at Christmas, called kuvana špaleta, which is cold semi-smoked ham, previously cooked on open fire. Midway through Christmas lunch, just like during Christmas Eve dinner, the incense was burned over the food, in front of the house icons, and throughout the rest of the house. By evening, Badnjačica was consumed, and the only material remnant of Christmas Eve was one part of the son’s Badnjak, called Pridavak. This peace of “holy wood” was to be added to fire at each of the three successive Badnjak burning occasions in this house, i.e., in the evenings preceding Orthodox New Year (January 13), Epiphany (January 19th), and St. Sava Day (January 27).

Поруке предлагача нових државних празника Србије

Author(s): Senka Kovač / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The paper analyzes the messages addressed by the proponents of the new state holidays in Serbia to the communications collective, — the public. Analyzed in more detail is the new state holiday ‘Sretenje’ — Serbia Statehood Day. Persons in public office who took part in the shaping of the new state holidays in Serbia sent their messages to the public through different communication channels: 1) To the communications collective, the public, in Europe and the world: that the holidays they propose are acceptable for the united Europe; 2) To the communications collective, the public, in Serbia: that the holidays they propose are acceptable to the major part of its population, as these are the holidays which do not provoke ideological divisions. The research work in 2003 and 2004 will be directed at the recipients of these messages, that is, to the communications collective, or the public, with a view to defining the function of the new and old holidays in Serbia and their significance in shaping up a new cultural identity of the contemporary Serbian population.

Антропологија као мултикултурна пропедеутика у Cрбији - „Национална наука“, културна политика и друштвена надања

Author(s): Miloš Milenković / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

As the Serbian state has entered the global terrain on which cultural policies are changing rapidly, practitioners of anthropology in Serbia, willing to inform and reinforce the state-governed project of multicultural tolerance and intercultural integration, should strive at dialogical contribution to those policies research, practice and advocacy. In the context of global crisis of reception of anthropology, which descended from the crisis of ethnographic representation that thoroughly transformed research of cultural identities in the late twentieth century, I propose a project that would promote anthropology into a multicultural propedeutics for Serbian society, with pragmatic justification. I am advocating paradoxical yet ideologically fruitful compromise between ethnographic realism and cultural critique, aimed at providing a new image for the discipline in wider contexts of cultural policy and education. The core idea is to reaffirm the discipline’s critical edge by de-ethnicizing its culture while retaining its position and the social role of “ the national science”. The proposed multitask model hybridizes the ethnographic realism on which identities are based with cultural critique that advertises its own vision of multicultural tolerance. It will hopefully facilitate the incorporation of the anthropological knowledge, perspectives and social hopes into the public realm after its post modernization, managing our discipline’s key trip into agenda of the state-governed educational institutions.

Концепција и оквири монографских проучавања Aриљског краја

Author(s): Desanka Nikolić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The paper reflects an effort to pursue a monographic type of research of the uninvestigated regions of Serbia, and to update such research in terms of methodology (interdisciplinary approach). In this context our point of departure was a theoretic assumption of multilinear evolution through developmental stages in the change of culture under universal civilizational conditions, in which process the specific qualities of a contemplated culture also find their expression. The paper is based on ethnographic and other sources (historic, demographic, folkloristic) from the region of Arilje in western Serbia in the 1980s. It contains an analysis of empirical materials on aculturation processes in the investigated region, observed in stages of socio-cultural integration, on three levels: the level of rural community (traditional culture model), the level of the development of Serbia , from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th cc (trades and commerce, exchange of goods, development of state institutions, etc.), and the level of contemporary transformation processes in the rural culture (industrialization, urbanization) of the second half of the 20th century. The closing part of the text highlights the problem of ethno-cultural identity preservation with the Arilje district inhabitants w ho seek shelter in a relatively moderate pace of social and demographic change, in the fairly tight bonds of kinship, in the expression of their inherited mentality features, and in the continuous presence of folk prose literature.

Srpski narodni mit i Evropa

Author(s): Miroslav Spalajković / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Srpski mit je bajka izatkana nitima od svile i zlata na razboju gorskih krilatica Vila. Obična pređa od kudelje osnova je tog čarobnog tkiva. Za ukras mu služe čudesne šare, koje samo nevidljive posestrime srpskih junaka znaju složiti i utkati u besmrtne, carskim vezovima optočene, pohvale narodnih izabranika. Sa sestrinskom ljubavlju Zagorkinja Vila plete vence od mirišljavog cveća iz srpskih dubrava i njima kiti narodne heroje kao večni ponos proste srpske duše. Srpski narodni mit ne slavi toliko epske događaje, koliko epske ličnosti. U narodu mit se stvara iz najvišeg kulta prema tim ličnostima. Kosovski mit se ne može zamisliti bez Cara Lazara i Miloša Obilića. Upravo, kosovski boj je samo spoljni okvir, a legendarni likovi Lazara i Miloša su unutarnje jezgro kosovskog mita. Neodoljivom silom rasnog nagona ti se likovi održavaju u narodnom predanju kao živa slika bitnih osobina i istrajnosti srpskog plemena.

Pogled s Kalemegdana

Author(s): Vladimir Velmar Janković / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Od trinaestog i četrnaestog veka već je među Srbima, u Srbima konačno pobedilo hrišćanstvo. Kad ih je napustio i mrtvi car i poslednji despot pao, ostao je blizak srpskim seljacima hrišćanski bog i bivao im sve bliži što se patnja više produbljivala; hrišćanski bog sa svojim tajnama jedinjenja s čovekom, sa svojom svepobednom silom vaskrsenja. Taj "bog s njim" sprečavao je da se oseti potpuno izgubljen i prepušten samom sebi čovek od koga se večito nešto otimalo, i kao čoveka i kao seljaka, preko čijih zemljišta i ognjišta su se svaki čas bile i harale vojske, preko čijeg obraza je svaki čas šibao bič sramote i robovanja, čovek od koga je car (čak i turski) bio daleko i onda kada ga je štitio. Taj bog je bio s njim i kad su crkve popaljene, živ je bio u njemu u zbegu gde nije bilo ljudskog društva, u šumi i planini; a isto tako živ u porodici-zadruzi, u plemenu, u knežini gde se isto tako živelo bez sigurnosti, u velikim naporima, preko snage, u trpljenju. Nauka velikog propovednika života kroz smrt bila je prisutna tamo gde se toliko živelo na ivicama ovozemaljskog i gde je svaki dan donosio ovo ili ono teško "ili-ili"; kad bi hajduci izginuli, kad bi bune i ustanci propadali, kad bi i poslednji pedalj zemlje nestao ispod noge narodu; na seobama, u bekstvu, u večitom izbeglištvu od tri stoleća, i u večitom nenapuštanju srpske zemlje, vraćanju na nju. Uvek kad se Srbin vraćao na sebe, kad je – i koliko puta! – iz sebe sama, jer drugi mu malo davahu, a večito uzimahu – morao da iskopa poslednje pouzdanje u pravcu koja će jednom doći, bio je s njim hriđtanski bog koji ga nije ostavio otkad je vera otaca postala aktivna sadržina njegove duše.

Wprowadzenie. Kulturowe badania (w) kuchni. Tropy i znaczenia

Author(s): Aleksandra Krupa-Ławrynowicz,Katarzyna Orszulak-Dudkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The authors present the idea of a publication entitled In the Kitchen. Cultural Sketches about Space. They assume that the kitchen is a room associated with many cultural and social meanings. It is primarily an inalienable part of the home, private, inhabited space that can be variously designated, organized and experienced. The kitchen usually performs activities and processes related to meal planning, storage and processing of products as well as preparation and consumption of food. There are various practices inherent in the cultural reflection on lifestyles, corporality and gender, which are an emanation of social change and an attempt to (re)define tradition and identity. The space of the kitchen is a subject to fashions, trends and ideologies, aesthetic and economic rules. The authors, along with other researchers in this publication, do not present a consistent history of changes that affect the kitchen. They try to show a space full of meanings on selected examples, reaching to different cultural and social contexts.

Co się dzieje we współczesnej kuchni domowej? O możliwościach antropologii designu

Author(s): Katarzyna Orszulak-Dudkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this writing is to indicate the possibility of cooperation between anthropologists who are interested in researching everyday life of a human with specialists on design based on house space design. The author refers to a strand of design anthropology whose aim is to demonstrate diversity and complexity of life of people in different social contexts to designers. Thanks to that they can design objects and services which meet customers’ needs better. In this writing, the author presents the results of ethnographic researches related to a contemporary kitchen space. Those researches were inspired by design anthropology and revealed detailed ways of using kitchen spaces, descriptions of their arrangements and equipment as well as everyday activities that happened in therein. Research results show a contemporary kitchen as a place with a potential, as a profusely equipped multitasking workshop which is open to many creative activities, not only culinary ones. They provide the knowledge about behaviours of so-called ordinary people which are a resultant of a tradition, current identity choices and a wide range of grassroots – individual and group – preferences and habits which can be useful not only for settlement culture researchers as well as for designers and producers of various objects and services.

O dwóch znaczących przedmiotach. Kulturowa inwentaryzacja przestrzeni kuchennej

Author(s): Aleksandra Krupa-Ławrynowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Author reports on a research exercise, which – trying to maintain the autoethnographic perspective – she made in her own kitchen. She reaches for the tools of sensory ethnography, listens to suggestions of the anthropology of food, to describe herself as a researcher in space, the researcher in relation to things. The topography of the kitchen, the objects it contains, the gestures and practices associated with them become a contribution to cultural comments and analyzes.