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Substantive provisions of rational environmental ethics are stated. This concept presumes to compare a level of uniqueness of different objects, which forms the establishment for giving the ethical value. The developed approach is used for comparison of 26 populations of Bufo viridis Laurenti, 1768 from Left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine.
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The values of chromaticity, turbidity, permanganate oxidability and iron content in the water are under consideration. It is proved, that iron cannot be cause of chromaticity of the studied waters.
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In modelling experiment joint action of heavy metal ions (lead, cadmium) and cloroacetanilide herbicide frontjere on glutationreductase activity in maize seedlings at initial stages of ontogenesis was investigated. The increasing of enzyme activity in a sprouting grain at herbicide and ions of lead and cadmium presence and variation of enzyme activity in seedlings were established at joint action of toxicants.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze concept of ecological certification, its advantages and challenges in the context of Montenegrin tourism accommodation sector. Based on EU Eco Label and Travelife certification schemes we tested advantages of greening tourist offer and contribution to the climate change combat in the country. Sample of 40 accommodation facilities are taken into consideration, and being offered series of presentations, direct interviews and incentives. Our results show that 10 out of 40 accommodation facilities are awarded with certificate, while 15 more facilities are in the process of gaining it in 2018. The main challenges we evidenced are as follows: limited human and financial resources to implement certification requirements; low level of understanding of marketing advantages that green certification brings; absence of national and local incentives to support certification implementation and destination safety and security aspects becoming main interest of tourism entrepreneurs.
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The notion of sustainable tourism encompasses the thought of usage and preservation of all the components and the related consequences involved in tourism activities, in such a way as to enable us to share such values with next generations. In the present study, the attitude of the local people of the district of Yeniçağa in the province of Bolu was measured with respect to the sustainability of tourism activities attempted to be initiated in the region. A questionnaire of 30 questions including a section of 8 variable questions was applied to the residents in the district. The questions focused on measuring the attitude of the people in terms of ‘’social life, economic conditions and natural environment’’. The greatest positive effect between groups has turned out to be the one concerning economic conditions. Their attitude towards natural environment and social life has also been determined to be positive. In the light of the data obtained as a result the study, even though the residents in the district are not familiar with the notion of sustainability, they think that tourism would yield favorable implications for the district. Low positive effect of the findings as regards natural environment probably results from the lack of knowledge of local people on sustainability. In the concluding part, the study provides a set of recommendations addressing the tourism activities to be initiated in the district.
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Republic of Macedonia ratified number of international instruments and documents and adopted extensive legal regulation that in great part regulate the issue for the protection of environment and the harmonization with EU law. Still the question that arises is how this regulation has been implemented? In that context, the paper analyses the inspection control in the field of protection of the environment, as an important and necessary part of the governing and controlling mechanism of the public administration. Additionally the paper analyses the place and the role of the inspection control as a type of administrative control, especially the inspection in the field of protection of the environment.
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Few issues have a greater impact on our lives than water. Water is a paradox: seemingly it is abundant and renewable resource, whereas only a tiny amount of it can be accessed and drinkable. Moreover, global water resources are unevenly distributed and many of them have been contaminated. Millions of people struggle with water scarcity, many times leading to water related international conflicts. Water is an international public good, with CPR and collective action problems, calling for international cooperation and actions to solve. Well-developed ancient civilizations have disappeared because of human environmental degradation, bad resource management and related socio-political problems. We should learn the lessons from our ancestors therefore wisely manage our natural resources. Such socio-cultural aspects as sustainable water governance, policy and communication can be as important as high-tech engineering for human survival from a historic perspective. Our paper is a theoretical overview and analysis of the most challenging water related issues and problems, providing theoretical as well as practical, policy oriented solutions in the end.
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The purpose of the research described in this paper is to investigate the gender differences in the relationship between perceived tension with work-life balance and satisfaction with life in eight post-communist regions (the Czech Republic, East Germany, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine). The research investigates 1) how having a balanced life contributes to the subjective well-being of individuals (measured according to level of satisfaction with life), and 2) the variability which exists on a country level with satisfaction with life and satisfaction with work-life balance, and the relationship between these two attitudes. Data from the fifth round of the European Social Survey is used in the analysis, to which only respondents active in the labor force were included (N=6410). The paper presents descriptive statistics about country differences in the level of satisfaction with life and work-life balance. Following this, OLS regression models are used to predict satisfaction with life. Results reveal that the perceived balance between work and other elements of life has a significant impact on satisfaction with life, and no gender difference is detectable in this regard. Nevertheless, more highly educated individuals have greater subjective well-being, and the impact is stronger for women than men. Between-country differences are also moderate.
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The paper analyses the complex issue of work-life balance in the medical setting of Czech maternity hospitals. The issue of work-life balance has not been dealt with adequately; the organisation of professional careers in medicine is understood in terms of making sacrifices for the profession. However, analysis of the everyday lives of members of the profession provides insight into the practices and strategies that are adopted for coping with demanding work and gender prejudices, and the striving to create a satisfactory personal life. The article targets the structural mechanisms that reproduce Czech hospital gender regimes and their effects on work-life balance according to the individual coping strategies of the actors involved. These are conceptually framed using the symbolic system of the gender universe (Harding, 1987) and the theory of gendered organisations (Acker, 1990). The empirical data used in the analysis comes from qualitative research (2011-2014) into Czech reproductive medicine, specifically obstetrics. It is primarily based on in-depth interviews with senior physicians, although other data sources were also utilised. Physicians’ own reflections of the current status quo in Czech hospitals are critically assessed and framed in a structural context with reference to the broader social mechanisms that re/produce gender in/equality in the labour market.
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Microbial Ecologies (ME) is proposing a speculative scenario in which is able to explore new robotic fabrication processes as a framework for investigating the generation of bio-artificial systems. These systems allow us to regenerate polluted and eroded terrains, protect the soil from farther erosion and encourage healthy plant growth using interconnected 3D fibre systems.
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Protected areas of Lithuania are important for the development of tourism in the country. The primary aim of these areas is to preserve biodiversity, but at the same time to organize various tourism activities and provide the society with access to ecosystem services and to attend natural-cultural objects. The purpose of this study is to discuss how visitors evaluate tourism services in different protected areas, to identify the weaknesses of such services and to provide key insights on how to improve the attractiveness of protected areas for visitors.After conducting survey of visitors in selected Lithuanian protected areas (Dzūkija National Park and Nemunas Loops Regional Park), the following general conclusions emerged: both studied Lithuanian State parks have plenty of natural and cultural objects, the tourism activities in these parks mainly are developed in the direction of sustainable tourism and ecotourism – hiking, cycling, kayaking tours organised; nature attracts visitors to beauty and unique natural objects; visitors find the most information on the Internet, still the visitor centres remain less active. The survey showed that visitors value tourism services quite positively: at both parks, visitors were satisfied with the supply and quality of tourism services and infrastructure. It is probable that all Lithuanian protected areas of the specific status are characterized by general problematic fields: weak dissemination of information, lack of funds for infrastructure renovation, increasing the variety of tourism services, and reducing seasonality. In the context of globalization, the development of tourism in Lithuanian protected areas inevitably faces new challenges. With increasing visitor flow and the needs of travellers, there is a growing risk that the primary function of protected areas - the protection of nature against the negative effects of human activity - may weaken. Due to intensified international tourism, there is a lack of international communication tools and skills. A modern traveller or tourist is looking for an exceptional product, i.e. the product should be convenient, quick access, extreme, unique or never tried and etc., while larger changes in State parks are limited not only by financial but also by human resources.
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The key to reading Julia Fiedorczuk’s poems – interpreted within the paradigm of eco-poetry – are the words used in the titles of her poetry volumes: “bio”, “planet” and “oxygen”, which foretell bio-centrism. The poetic imagery unites organic tissues with the artist’s “texture”. A love relationship of a human with a non-human reveals ecological sensitivity, yet it is a painful “love” because it is accompanied by the disagreement about the fragility of existence and the progressing degradation of the planet.
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The subject of the paper deals with issues of selection of fragments of urban structure important for the Rzeszów history and tradition and integration of less exposed areas with the area of intensively exploited public space, in order to strengthen the identity of the inhabitants of the city. Characteristic changes in the spatial structure of Rzeszów are the proliferation of public space and its weakening in the historic area of the city, caused by the cutting of streets with significant traffic volume. The lack of public functions within the center is also conditioned by the accessibility for cars of most of the streets in this area. The only enclave of pedestrian and bicycle traffic is the Market Square, Kosciuszko and May 3 streets and parts of Mickiewicz and Grunwaldzka streets. The second zone is the recreation area on the river Wisłok. Both areas are popular among the Rzeszow community, but according to the authors, their capacity does not meet the needs. The paper presents the idea of combining both areas and incorporating into the homogeneous zone of pedestrian and bicycle traffic other, currently separated, areas specific by historical pedigree, including parks. An essential element of the concept are the non-collision crossings of designed roads with the car arterias, with the aid of underground passages, which thanks to the terrain configuration would be accessible by ramps, and their spaces, sunlit and visually visible externally, would not constitute a psychological barrier. Other proposed actions are the elimination or restriction of movement of cars, or the possibility of parking on some streets, correction of tree stand in order to exposition of architectural dominants, etc.
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The subject of the research paper is focused on the recommendations for alternative financing and management with the aim of achieving sustainable development of protected areas and the commons. For the need of research paper we have conducted financial analysis of operations of the national parks, which pointed out one of the challenges for sustainable (economic and environmental) development of protected areas in Serbia. We have taken into account the multi-year period, with the aim of assessment of the financial position in order to give recommendations that may provide sustainable development of national parks. Financial analysis conducted in this paper refers to the measurement of financial performances, the financial position and operations efficiency of the national parks with particular emphasis on NP Djerdap and related commons. The basic objective of this analysis is reflected in the consideration of weakness (which can lead to the illiquidity and insolvency of NP Đerdap in the future), with the goal of timely undertaking adequate measures for their elimination ensuring sustainable development. The second challenge is concerned with the essential similarities and differences in terms of management, responsibilities, protection, rights to use national parks as examples of protected areas, and the associated heritage as examples of commons. Different perspectives on these phenomena closely confirm the direction of management recommendations. In relation to the identified financial and management challenges, the main objective of the paper is to give recommendations for an alternative system solutions that reflects through the establishment the financial and management sustainability of national parks and associated heritage.
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During the Seventh Session of the Parliament of World Religions in Toronto at the end of last year, the “Declaration on World Ethos” was expanded by a chapter on voluntary commitment to a culture of sustainability and care for the Earth, based on the old guidelines common to all religious, spiritual and cultural traditions of humanity: you must not be greedy! Or formulated positively: Think of the good of everyone! In this way, the participants of the Seventh Session of the Parliament of World Religions suggested that ecology would be the biggest challenge of humanity in the 21st century. On this trail, this essay pleads for the urgent development of awareness that in this way ecology becomes the biggest challenge for world religions as well in the 21st century. In that sense, religious men and women should make utmost efforts to re-discover, largely forgotten, ecological capital in their own religious tradition and to begin to re-acquire it by streaming it into concrete and creative forms of environmental protection, open to cooperation with various ecological actors of a religious and non-religious profile in the spirit of self-criticism and teaching. In this conviction, the essay provides initial insights into the ecological capital of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, with illustrative indications what of the ecological capital of Judaism, Christianity and Islam is particularly relevant in view of contemporary forms of ecological crime, which is inseparably linked to an increasing social misery and armed conflict in the world. The essay ends with the pointing at two women, believers, inspired by their own religious tradition and with the skillful use of various ecological resources, to become prominent fighters for ecological justice, and thus also human rights activists, women’s rights in particular, as well as fighters for social justice, democratization, reconciliation and non-violence. In their figures, essential components of the authentic portrait of each man and woman believer in the 21st century are reflected. First of all, it is the notion that ecological awareness poured into real forms of struggle for environmental protection is not a superfluous addition to a believer’s existence but one of its most indispensable, socially responsible outgrowths, without which every speech on authentic faith in the future will be rightfully shown as a mere lie, for purpose of self-denial or deceiving of others doesn’t matter.
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Environmental crisis has been an ongoing challenge for modern education. Human education, including proecological education, depends on many factors, which in the contemporary reality undergo very dynamic changes. The school has to watch over and be open to these changes, therefore, it is necessary for the observation of educational effectiveness in this regard to be thorough and unceasing.The aim of this study was to show the current state of implementation (determinants and difβiculties) of proecological education in Polish schools, based on a survey of students from the Biała Podlaska county. The study was conducted using the method of diagnostic poll. The analysis of the collected data allowed to formulate some important conclusions about the difβiculties and prospects of implementing the proecological school education.The identiβied problems also point out to the need for further research to be undertaken in the βield of proecological education and its conditions in order to diagnose the changes which occur and may be made, and which need to be continually evaluated due to the concerns about the effectiveness of this βield of education.
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Szummer Csaba: Pszichedelikumok és spiritualitás, Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem – L’Harmattan, Budapest, 2015.
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Collection, sorting of and recovery of materials from household wastes represent one of the most urgent global problems of today. Many developed countries pay great attention to this problem. In Lithuania, the larger part of household wastes is not used and is disposed of in landfills. For this reason, the initial stage of household waste management, i. e. collection and sorting, is of topical importance. About 1304 young people residing in different Lithuanian localities have been interviewed regarding the collection and sorting of household wastes.
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