Počiatky motoristického športu v Bratislave a Košiciach v rokoch 1921 – 1933

Author(s): Mikuláš Jančura / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2014

The tradition of motor sport in Slovakia is not rooted so deeply as in the Czech lands, or west European states, where it was developed since the turn of 19th and 20th century. This expensive and marginal activity at the beginning started to grow through the organized motoring associations, which were based in Slovakia during the 1920s and 1930s. In Slovakia didn’t exist stable speedway in this period and the races were organized on public roads, what required the cooperation of the districts’ structures and security forces. This kind of races were more attractive and it made them accessible to a wider circle of audience. From the slowly beginnings in the first half of the 1920s a solid base of sports motoring has been formed, subsequently extended its activities range from small club trips to events such as: Competition reliability,„Star-driving“, Speed races or Competition of elegance. This positive trend, however, was temporarily dampened by the impact of the global economic crisis, which also closed the pioneering stage of development of motor sport in Slovakia. This paper aims to capture the character of a relatively dynamic growth of modern sport activity in its pioneering stage in Slovakia.

Krivičnopravna zaštita životne sredine u zakonodavstvu i praksi

Author(s): Ivan Joksić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The right to healthy environment belongs to the third generation rights which are awarded protection on international level. The later occurrence of this right, which took place in the second half of the 20th century, was instigated by the scientific and technological development, which had set off environmental pollution. A considerable a significant number of international and regional instruments have set a normative framework of legal protection of the environment in terms of building adequate mechanisms its more complete regulation. However, the system of legal protection through the adoption and ratification of international and European instruments is unable to establish full control over all factors of environmental pollution. This is why the environment is the subject of criminal protection - all activities and procedures that are or threatening people’s right to a healthy environment are incriminated. Given the importance, nature and environmental perspectiv,e the author will point out the legislative possibilities of legal protection. In addition, the paper presents results of research to which the author made on the basis of available statistical dana in the RSO and relevant jurisprudence.

Kratak komparativni prikaz ekoloških krivičnih dela u srbiji i republici srpskoj

Author(s): Mirko Voštinić,Veljko Turanjanin / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

In this paper the authors deal with the comparative analysis of crimes from the group of crimes against the environment, known as environmental crimes, which were, in the course of legislative changes from the beginning of XXI century, relocated and regulated in the separate section entitled „Crimes against environment“ of substantive law in criminal legislations in both jurisdiction. The right to a healthy environment is one of fundamental human`rights, which are guaranteed, primarily, by constitutional provisions of these two countries, and also through a series of other laws, and finally, by the ultimate, criminal protection, which applies in the moment when preventive activity remained without success, overcome by various forms of national and transnational environmental crimes. The authors give a review of crimes in the two neighboring countries, comparing them with each other, both in terms of enforcement actions and prescribed criminal penalties, and then analyze statistics on the criminal offenses, initiated proceedings and imposed criminal sanctions, devoting special attention to the high percentage of suspended sentences imposed for such serious crimes.

Krivično delo nezakonitog ribolova u Republici Srbiji

Author(s): Ana Batrićević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing represents a global problem, which causes a series of negative and harmful economic, social, environmental and legal consequences. This phenomenon, often linked to other forms of criminal activities, seriously endangers the security of people and food, questioning not only the survival of entire ecosystems but also the sustainability of the economies of the communities whose incomes directly depend on the exploitation of fish stocks. That is the reason why nowadays various unacceptable forms of fishing are prohibited and punishable on both national and international levels. There are several international legal sources of universal and regional character (such as various conventions, agreements, regulations, decisions etc.), which are aimed at establishing fundamental standards of acceptable and sustainable fishery and declaring which methods and means of fishing are supposed to be prohibited, in order to achieve and maintain the optimal level of fish stocks worldwide and to protect and preserve endangered species of aquatic animals. In the Republic of Serbia, fishing that is conducted contrary to valid legal provisions is considered either as a criminal offence, in accordance with the Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia, or as a misdemeanour, according to the Law on Protection and Sustainable Use of Fish Stock. The author of this paper analyses fundamental characteristics of this criminal offence, its relation with similar and related misdemeanours, as well as the existing mechanisms of state reaction to these illegal activities. Moreover, the author highlights the advantages and disadvantages of current legislative solutions in this field, suggesting necessary steps that might improve the prevention, suppression and punishment of illegal fishing, in compliance with relevant international standards.

Odgovornost države za ekološke štete

Author(s): Nataša Mrvić-Petrović,Zdravko Petrović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This paper analyzes the responsibility of the state and liability for environmental damage. Authors noted the need to protect the collective interests regarding the preservation of the environment led to the specific integration of civil and public law responsibilities. It is the responsibility of the state and the intertwined elements of accountability for human rights violations and liability. State is responsible in the same way as any other operator for damages resulting from an environmental accident. That is strict liability. However, when it comes to responsibility for violations of international law (including those provisions relating to environmental protection), the state still has the primary responsibility for failure in the application of preventive measures to prevent environmental accidents or lack of control over the performance of hazardous activity or use of dangerous means which threaten the environment.

Harmonizacija propisa Republike Srbije u oblasti zaštite životne sredine sa pravom EU

Author(s): Miloš Vasiljević,Đuro M. Đurić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

In the European Union accession process, the Republic of Serbia has emabrked on an ambitious effort to achieve full harmonization of national legislation with EU law. The harmonization process includes the adoption of EU legislation - the acquis communautaire - by amending existing national legislation, the adoption of new harmonized laws and, finally, their proper implementation. This task required political will and support, since it was initiated started before the approximation of national regulations with EU law became obligatory for the Republic of Serbia. Since March 2012, Serbia has been harmonizing its laws as a candidate country for EU membership. One of the most important chapters of the EU acquis communautaire is Chapter 27, which is related to environmental protection. In the process of harmonization in this area, the Republic of Serbia has made significant progress.However, as the acquis communautaire is not a static category, it is necessary to ensure continuous political and financial support, and strengthen administrative capacities in order to secure proper implementation of the newly adopted regulations. Furthermore, climate changes present a serious challenge for Serbia as a candidate country.

Upravljanje otpadom - međunarodni propisi sa posebnim osvrtom na regulativu Evropske Unije

Author(s): Dragan Prlja,Danica Stepić,Danilo Savović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Within the European Union, the area of waste management is regulated through specific forms of legislation such as directives, regulations, decisions, recommendations, and the like. This approach has multiple benefits. On the one hand, directives can be used to efficiently and effectively address problems related to waste. Second, the regulations relating solely to matters of waste management provide the option of comprehensive legal regulation of this area, leaving fewer opportunities for arbitrary action of individual member countries. This results in a greater degree of harmonization of these regulations, and thus a higher level of commitment in their implementation. And finally, strict application of regulations in the sphere of waste management will greatly contribute to improving the environment and general quality of life.

Značaj procene uticaja za urbanističko planiranje

Author(s): Marko Milenković / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Strategic environmental impact assessment (SEA) is an important measure for preventing adverse environmental impacts which has become an integral part of the adoption of programs, plans and policies relevant to the environment, including spatial and urban planning. The paper offers a preliminary analysis of the strategic environmental impact assessment framework in Serbia from the perspective of its impact on urban planning. It puts forward the proposals for further integration of the assessment into the urban planning process while enabling for development opportunities not restricted by extensive planning as well as creation of flexible mechanisms for efficient coordination of different objectives that need to be achieved in a transition economy. The article also analyzes whether the complex SEA is always needed for planning documents of lower hierarchical order which do not provide for the land use that could have a significant impact on (local) environment and whether the plans of this kind require SEA if environmental impact assessment is required and is going to be undertaken for envisaged facilities. Additionally, the paper looks into the impact “overplanning” has on planning documents of lower hierarchical level and investment projects realisation in accordance with them, and concluded that satisfactory final results can only be achieved if proper balance is made between the interests of environmental protection and economic development.

Zaštita životne sredine u uporednom ustavnom pregledu

Author(s): Vladimir Mikić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Provisions of the constitutional documents devoted to environmental protection generally contain every individual’s fundamental right to a clean and healthy natural environment, defined in close correlation with an appropriate duty of public authorities. Operational protection of a constitutionalized right of an individual is conditioned upon the increased participation of the citizenry in its fulfillment, which may be seen as a direct product of and a necessary precondition for the exercise of collective sovereignty.

Poreski podsticaji u funkciji zaštite životne sredine

Author(s): Marko Dimitrijević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

In countries whose tax systems does not have environmental taxes, the indirect protection of the environment is achieved by “greening” of traditional forms of taxation. Namely, the system of tax incentives in the system of corporation tax, income tax and property tax, enables the taxpayers to lawfully minimize their tax liability taking into account the protection of the environment. Of course, the actual scope of these incentives is limited and they cannot replace the actual environmental taxes, which were introduced in most OECD countries. The absence of these taxes in the tax systems can be considered as funds management and unfair tax competition, which developing countries often resort to in order to attract foreign capital. Thus, the lack of environmental taxes or their inappropriate use can occur as one of the causes of international tax evasion. The normative structure of the legal regulation of environmental taxation in Serbia is not set at an adequate level, although tax incentives are amended by charges, which are aimed at the preservation of air, water and land. The amount of compensation is not at a satisfactory level, which would have a distorting effect and change the taxpayer’s habits, and, moreover, there is no possibility of their enforced collection in legal affairs. Therefore, work on environmental tax reform must continue, it is only possible with a coherent cooperation between the competent state authorities and citizens to raise much-needed environmental awareness.

Oporezivanje motornih vozila u Republici Srbiji

Author(s): Miloš Marković,Monika Milošević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

For more than two decades, the Republic of Serbia has been in the process of transition, facing some serious economic problems. At the same time, Serbia aims at achieving the high environmental standards set by the European Union in order to become a part of it. Bearing in mind that environmental taxes are one of the most important measures of environmental protection, and that motor vehicle taxes play a significant role among them, authors of this paper firstly provide a review of taxes and charges on motor vehicles in the Republic of Serbia as well as other fiscal measures in the area of transport that are imortant for environmental protection. Then, they analyze European tendencies in this area. Finally, the authors analyze Serbian system of taxation of motor vehicles and conclude that gradual moderation of the social component and at the same strengthening of the environmental component of this system is necessary.

Потопено наследство, изгубени места и пейзажи на паметта

Author(s): Lina Gergova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The text introduces in the problem of a collective research on the settlements obliterated during the construction of dams in Bulgaria, making an attempt at a terminological discussion. Based on the examples of the cultural practices of village commemorations, of the narrative patterns of fellow rural communities, and of the intimate gestures of connecting family memory and public spaces, different kinds of optics to the phenomenology of loss are proposed. The submerged as a particular case of lost heritage is in opposition to the heritage of loss, which is valorised as a value in the intergenerational discourse. Efforts are made to interpret the submerged and obliterated village not only as a lost place, but also as an irretrievably lost world. The cultural landscape is correlated with the landscape of memory – all this on the example of one of the most popular dams and the submerged village of the same name – Zhrebchevo.

Несигурност при преселване от язовирната чаша

Author(s): Petar Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The resettlement of the inhabitants of the village of Bara, Bulgaria, due to the construction of the ‘Aleksandar Stamboliyski’ Dam prolongs from 1942 to 1953. During this long period, social and economic life in the village is marked by uncertainty. A number of unpredictabilities, caused mainly by political and economic factors, hinder people from making informed choices and adequate decisions. My research interest is focused on the context that produced uncertainty and on resettlers’ worries. The reconstruction is based on archival documents dealing with the resettlement; they include also local complaints.

Традиция и иновация (Как фолклорната култура на Чехия и България намира нов живот в медийната среда през време и след пандемията от 2020 година)

Author(s): Nevena Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Diverse influences of folklore tradition in contemporary media are presented in this article. The pandemic “closure” and encapsulation of the normal rhythm of life in 2020 unleashed a wave of creative TV, radio, social media manifestations, focused not only on covering the unusual situation, but also on the particular “return” to traditional practices and ways of adapting to the daily life routine. Self-introspection became a journey towards primordial rituals where tragic and comic coexist in the resistance and affirmation of life. The observed and analysed examples are from the Czech and Bulgarian media environment.

20 години от приемането на Конвенцията на ЮНЕСКО за опазване на нематериалното културно наследство от 2003 г.

Author(s): Tim Curtis / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

Editorial

Нематериално културно наследство, национална идентичност и основни права на човека. Ролята на Конвенцията на ЮНЕСКО от 2003 г. в сравнителна перспектива

Author(s): Pier Luigi Petrillo / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The paper analyses the evolution of the notion of cultural heritage from a comparative perspective and verifies the impact produced by the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in 9 countries (Mexico, Brazil, Italy, Jordan, Cyprus, Spain, Burkina Faso, Korea, Japan).

Другият списък: проучване на „добри практики за опазване“ и още добри идеи

Author(s): Michelle L. Stefano / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

As UNESCO’s Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage turns twenty, the article focuses on its primary aim of safeguarding people’s living cultural traditions, practices, and expressions at the local level. Safeguarding measures are promoted throughout the Convention and related texts, but it is arguably the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices through which actual approaches are presented as being put to the test. The article uses the Register as a launchpad for examining community-based approaches to safeguarding ICH, and distilling “good” considerations for building ethical and equitable collaborations – from the first steps of initiatives to over the long term.

Интеграция на българските градинари в местното общество. Примери от Югоизточна Унгария

Author(s): László Mód / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The immigration of the Bulgarian market-gardeners to Hungary was one of the most important international economic migrations for Bulgaria in the 20th century. The paper does not intend to deal with a contemporary migration phenomenon, but rather tries to interpret the integration of the members of a special social group in the host communities in a historical context. It was not by chance that the author chose Szentes and the surrounding villages as the site of the research. This area is one of Hungary's most important vegetable-growing regions thanks to the activities and influence of the Bulgarian gardeners. The steps of the integration process can be outlined with the help of different types of sources. Its final result was that in the host communities the Bulgarians became land and real estate owners, who, after a while, sought to obtain Hungarian citizenship as well.

ILLUSTRATIONS

Author(s): Rossen Malchev,Konstantin Rangochev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 23/2024

„Мечката е невинна!“ Природа 2.0 и съжителството ѝ с човека

Author(s): Svetoslava Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article examines the question of how the concepts of nature and coexistence 2.0 have been constructed in the web 2.0 space, as well as their importance for conservation policy and decision making regarding human-nature coexistence. The object of analysis is the widely known case of a human-brown bear conflict that occurred near the town of Belitsa, municipality f Razlog, which initiated heated debates in the web 2.0 space in the context of the “innocence” of the brown bear. The analysis of the discussions falls within popular discourse of “re-connection” and “living in harmony” with nature constructed by global environmental agencies, as well as within the novel calls and proposals for coexistence between humans and nature. The article concludes that the construction of nature and coexistence 2.0 appears to serve conservation goals, but foregrounds their paradox of re-connecting with nature yet living at a distance from it.