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Cross-border factor of educational migration of Ukrainian youth to Poland: social-economic opportunities and threats

Author(s): Olha Hrynkevych / Language(s): English Issue: 01+02/2017

Introduction. The features of modern higher education its Internationalisation and growth of academic mobility are some of the features of modern higher education. These processes are particularly common in Ukraine. After signing the Association Agreement with the EU, Ukraine is facing a number of challenges, along with the enormous potential of European values and living standards. Ukrainian educational migration to Poland, a neighbouring country and an EU member state, is one of the challenges. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact factor of the border regions on the intensity of educational migration, to identify key opportunities and threats related to Ukrainian education because of youth migration. Conclusions. The results of the analysis of variance show that 75.3% of the variation in the number of foreign students in the provinces of Poland is related to their proximity to the border. The main reason for the mass migration of Ukrainian youth to Poland is the cross-border nature of the educational systems of both countries and the asymmetry of the main indicators of socioeconomic development. The main opportunities of the migration of young Ukrainians to Polish universities are related to the acquisition of intercultural communication experiences, formation of new social capital at the expense of students who get crossborder education. The key threats in this regard are associated with the loss of Ukraine’s social capital of youth who may not return to Ukraine after studying in Poland and reduced domestic demand in the domestic market of university education.

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OSUĐENICI VALPOVAČKOG VLASTELINSTVA 1812.-1847.

Author(s): Petra Kolesarić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 21/2021

Based on the list of the manorial estate court of the Valpovo manorial estate, the paper describes the convicts of the Valpovo manor in the first half of the 19th century. The paper provides a brief overview of the history of the Valpovo manor until 1848, as well as the determinants of the judiciary and court practice in the area of Banska Hrvatska and Virovitica County in the first half of the 19th century. Data from sources on convicts were analyzed using descriptive statistics methods, showing the number of convicts, gender and age structure and their differentiation according to place of birth, year of crime, status (marital status, occupation and / or nationality) and confessional structure (exclusively for the period from 1843 to 1847). Also, data on recidivists and convicts were presented with reference to the criminal offenses of abortion and infanticide. The work is limited in time due to the preservation of sources on convicts and covers the period from 1812 and 1816 to 1847.

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Sündimuse ruumilised mustrid ja selle põhjused Eestis demograafilise ülemineku ajal

Author(s): Mark Gortfelder,Hannaliis Jaadla / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 1/2022

Previous research has shown that Estonia was among the earliest societies that entered and completed the fertility transition from the 1860s to 1930s during which the number of children born per woman decreased from traditional high levels (4.5 children per woman) to modern low levels (2 children per woman). Such a decline could only be completed with a radical change in fertility behaviour. The motivation for and the ideational-moral acceptance of the adoption of new behaviour, however, does not form at the same time and with the same strength in all regions of a country. Thus, research done for other countries has shown large and historically unprecedented within-country differences in fertility levels during the transition. For Estonia Kalev Katus has previously looked at spatial fertility patters in transitional Estonia, but he only distinguished counties, which hide a lot of variation inside them. This article uses data for lower-level spatial units (towns, parishes, rural municipalities (vallad)) from the 1881 and 1922 census as well as the Family Register of the Estonian Republic kept during the first independence era to analyse the spatial fertility patterns evident during Estonia’s fertility transition in greater detail. The results show that urban areas clearly had lower fertility levels and earlier fertility transitions. From rural Estonia two areas with early fertility modernisation stand out. The first is Viljandi county and the neighbouring south-eastern part of Pärnu county. The second is the areas in southern Lääne county and the adjacent areas in north-western Pärnu county.

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Atitudinea față de școală a copiilor de vârstă școlară (studiu comparativ)

Author(s): Viorel Robu,Zamfira-Maria Petrescu,Narcisa Gianina Caranfil / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

This study addresses the attitude toward school among young school-age children. This variable is very important for the analysis of the factors responsible for the differences between young school-age children in terms of the quality of their adaptation to school tasks and the acquisition they make through the teaching process carried out in classroom. This study is based on a quantitative design. Participants (N = 157 students in grades 3 and 4) completed a standardized questionnaire that captured various indicators of attitude toward school. Descriptive data showed positive student attitude when the following areas were analyzed: relationship with teachers, classroom instruction, thorough preparation for school, homework, academic performance, and satisfaction with school. The hierarchy of daily activities by frequency placed preparing for class for school, reading, and solving homework in the top positions. The comparative data partially confirmed three of the working hypotheses. The results of the study are analyzed in terms of their relevance to psycho-educational approaches aimed at increasing motivation for school among young school-age children.

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Hesitations About the Mandatory Childhood Immunization Calendar and Their Relationship to Trust

Author(s): Veronika Dimitrova,Maria Martinova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

In this article, we examine the topic of trust in the parent-physician interaction in the specific case of mandatory childhood immunizations. Our analysis tracks the change in the interaction framework that the mandatory character of vaccination and the involvement of the child as a third party imposes. We recognize that a shift in the parental role to that of an informed and responsibilized decision-maker affects the interaction and blocks some of the possibilities for establishing trust. Key findings regarding distrust are derived from vaccine refusers who indicate more aspects of distrust in their accounts of the vaccination practices. Still, common concerns shared by other parents are pointed out – ones regarding the child as a specific, unique individual and the role of different interests in the physicians’ decision-making process.

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Population ageing and sustainable fiscal policy in Czechia

Author(s): Kateřina Gawthorpe / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The substantial ageing impact projected by the Eurostat motivates this research for the case of the Czech Republic. The study assists policymakers by analysing fiscal-policy measures to stabilize ageing impact on the income and the well-being; and motivates fiscal authorities to utilize an extended version of the Czech Ministry of Finance model for the demographic agenda. The examined fiscal measures consist of postponing retirement, increasing pensions, and reducing social-security payments. The simulation outcome reveals reducing social-security payments as the only fiscal policy that would maintain both labour income and well-being unaltered in the presence of ageing. The study continues by proposing a policy mix to mitigate the subsequent government deficit. The policy mix consists of increasing the VAT tax rate and decreasing pensions and other transfers. In conclusion, the reduction of the social security payments financed by the suggested policy mix would support individuals' responsibility for their future income while motivating them towards higher productivity during their younger years.

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THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION ON THE SIZE AND STRUCTURE OF POPULATIONS IN BIG CITIES

Author(s): Dorota Maria KAŁUŻA-KOPIAS,Agnieszka Palma / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2019

The commencement of the 21st century was marked by a greater intensity of depopulation processes in Poland. From the demographic perspective, a decline in the population number is an outcome of the interaction of two factors: a negative natural increase and a negative balance of migration that may work separately or in tandem. When the level of the natural increase falls, migration, especially its balance, gains importance as a factor influencing the population size. In the early 21st century, population flows played a significant role in the growth of the populations in Warsaw, Krakow, and Wroclaw, whereas Poznań and Łódź saw an accelerated population loss. The purpose of the study was to assess the direct impact of migration on the growth of populations in big Polish cities, as well as its indirect impact revealing itself through increased birth rates from migrants. The analysis spans the years 2002-2017 and uses data from publications of the Central Statistical Office (Demographic Yearbooks) and from the Demografia database (http://demografia.stat.gov.pl/bazademografia/).

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DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND THEIR IMPACT ON URBAN ECONOMIC BASE: THE CASE OF TOWNS LOCATED IN ŁÓDŹ VOIVODESHIP

Author(s): Jagoda Guz / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2020

Structural transformations that have been taking place in Poland since the 1990s triggered important changes in demographic and economic urban structures. Poland’s opening to global processes brought Polish society to the stage of modern demographic development which has produced changes in, among others, vital statistics and spatial mobility of the country’s residents. Systemic and structural transformation of the country at the early stages has significantly undermined its economy, in particular, in urban centres. Very much needed restructuring of urban economies resulted in the closure or bankruptcy of many enterprises. The economic function of towns and cities and their demographic structure have changed profoundly, exerting a mutual impact on each other. The paper is based on the assumption that there is a relationship between demographic changes in towns and cities and the urban economic base. Its goal is to identify the impact exerted by demographic changes on the economy of investigated towns. The problem is illustrated with cases of towns and cities in Łódź Voivodeship (territorial units with the city status as on 1 January 2018). The research time frame spanned 1995 and 2017.

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KONSUMPCJA DÓBR KULTURALNO-REKREACYJNYCH PRZEZ MIESZKAŃCÓW MIAST

Author(s): Marlena Piekut,Kamil PIEKUT / Language(s): Polish Issue: 40/2020

The aim of the article is to deepen the knowledge concerning the formation of consumption of goods and services pertaining to culture and recreation among city dwellers, with an indication of the correlation between the level of this consumption and the economic, social and demographic factors that determine it. It was shown that the larger the city in which the household is based, the larger the amounts it spends on culture and recreation. The years 2006-2019 saw a relative stability regarding the expenditure of urban households with reference to these spheres of activity. The use of recreational and cultural goods and services by city residents is influenced by many variables, including the level of education, gender and age of people in the household, as well as disposable income.

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ECONOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE POPULATION MORTALITY RATE ON EMPLOYMENT

Author(s): Nigar MAMMADOVA / Language(s): English Issue: Sp. Issue/2022

As we know, the level of development of each country is explained together with the income, education and health indicators of the population living in that country. The health of members of society is one of the key factors in economic development and productivity. However, diseases and deaths have a negative impact on overall well-being. The article examines the econometric impact of mortality rates on employment. So, the number of deaths from diseases(circulatory system,trauma,tumor) divided by the number of patient and is taken mortality rates. Thus, based on the official data of the Statcom covering the years 2000-2020, regression models of the mortality rates on employment were established and implemented in the "Eviews" Application Program Package. The results obtained on the basis of the models were analyzed. According to the models, a 1% increase in deaths due to trauma led to a 0.018% increase in the number of employed population, a 1% increase in tumor deaths resulted in a 0.017% increase in the employed population after 4 years, and a 1% increase in circulatory system deaths decreased by 0.045%.

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Polish economy in 1990–2018: Balance of development in new political conditions

Author(s): Jerzy J. Parysek / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Thirty years of Poland’s economic development in new political conditions is a good opportunity to study the course of the economic development process. This article presents the results of research that takes into account macroeconomic indicators that synthesize important development categories. These indicators concern the demographic situation (population, natural increase, economic activity and unemployment rate), economy (GDP, inflation, number of business entities, investment outlays, budget deficit) and standard of living of the population (remuneration, housing situation, cars). In the study, a graphic method of time series analysis was applied, i.e. a connected trajectory, allowing a synthetic assessment of development processes in terms of aspects that express the considered features. Presentation of the research results is preceded by a presentation of the causes of transformation and an indication of development factors and conditions, in particular after 1989. The study is general and synthetic and does not take into account the details that had an impact on the situation described by the size of the indicators taken into account.

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Физическото и душевното състояние на човека според няколко балкански метафори

Author(s): Petya Asenova,Vasilka Alexova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2008

As a mechanism of nomination metaphor is used above all in the conceptualization of man and his world. We analyze a fragment of the Balkan picture of the world pointing out similarities and differences in the metaphorization of human physical and psychological states in languages belonging to the Balkan language union: such = strong, firm, steady = healthy, unhealthy = weak, unable', past, bygone = old, aged and white/black = happy/unhappy.

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İlişkisel Sosyal Sermaye Demografik Faktörlerden Etkilenir mi?

Author(s): Fikret Sözbilir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2022

In recent years, the importance of social capital, which is an intangible type of capital in organizational studies, has been increasing and attracting more attention. Social capital is social resources, such as trust, friendship, solidarity and sharing approach, which are formed by the interaction of individuals with each other and enhanced from his/her social environment in individual's favour. In the interaction process, the relational dimension of social capital becomes more prominent. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a significant difference between gender, marital status, age, work experience, position, and relational dimension of social capital. In addition, it aimed to make recommendations based on the results. The data of the research were gathered through questionnaires from 186 personnel working in different positions in the textile mills operating in the province of Batman. Obtained data were analyzed with the Independent Sample T-test, correlation and MANOVA using SPSS 25.0 program. The results of the analysis revealed that the level of relational social capital differed significantly according to gender, marital status, and position in the workplace. However, the level of relational social capital did not differ significantly with regard to age and work experience. Based on these results, it is recommended to know that gender, marital status, and position affect the development of relational social capital positively and significantly, while age and work experience were not related. Thus, organizations should develop managerial practices in this direction.

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KAKO ČITATI IZMEĐU REDAKA

Author(s): Nenad Moačanin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 71/2022

Ovdje bih se osvrnuo na najnoviju kritiku nekih mojih teza u vezi sa načinom ubiranja glavarine i mogućih implikacija u domeni demografskih procjena za Bosanski ejalet u 18. stoljeću izrečenu od strane Fahda Kasumovića (Na periferiji svijeta islama, Sarajevo 2021.). Njegove se primjedbe odnose uglavnom na tri tematska kruga u mojim radovima: 1. pretpostavku o (barem mjestimičnom i povremenom) personalnom karakteru glavarine u periodu prije reforme iz 1691.; 2. „nerazumijevanje“ popisa nastalih u ranoj fazi nakon uvođenja novog načina ubiranja džizje poslije spomenute reforme te 3. s tim povezanu tezu o postojanju paralelnih lista (evrak) za džizju, od kojih bi ona druga, „terenska“, bila drugačijeg karaktera od prve, „oficijelne“. Pri tome je moje teze ocijenio promašenim.

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The Revival of Religion in Albania: A Comparison of Cham, Kosovar and Bosniak Attitudes toward Proselytization and De-Sunnification

Author(s): Mentor BEQA,Ardian Muhaj,Ferid Piku / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This paper examines the recent history of religious development in Albania during the post-communist period. Second, it identifies patterns in the differentiated development of material and spiritual religious life among the region’s religions, and the institutional and political reasons behind them. Third, it analyses the positions of Albanian Cham, Albanian Kosovar and Bosniak Sunni communities as they confront the post-communist pressures of proselytisation and de-Sunnification. Through historical and discourse analysis and unstructured interviews with individuals of different religious, ethnic and local affiliation, the paper reveals that religious, ethnic and local feelings are strong among all three communities. Attitudes toward proselytization attempts among Bosniaks, Cham and Kosovar Albanians, however, are more resilient than those of local Sunnis toward de-Sunnification. The weakening of religiosity among local Sunnis is in conjunction with an organised movement to construct a distinct Bektashi identity, although most Bektashis still identify as Muslim.

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İş yerinde gönüllü yeşil davranışlar: Beyaz yakalılar üzerinde bir çalışma

Author(s): Burcu Yiğit / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2022

In this study, it was aimed to determine whether voluntary workplace green behaviors differ according to demographic variables or not. For this purpose, after the theoretical part of the study, findings, conclusion and discussion part were given. In this study, 302 white-collar employees in Istanbul were included. To distribute the data of the study, an online questionnaire was used. The analysis of the data was evaluated in SPSS 21.0 program. To report the data, minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage were used. To see the normal distribution of the data, Shapiro-Wilk test and graphical analyzes, Cronbach alpha for internal consistency were applied. Also independent groups t-test for evaluations between two groups and one-way variance analysis for evaluations between more than two groups were calculated. Statistical significance was accepted as p0.05); marital status (p=0.360, p>0.05); education levels (p=0.497, p>0.05). It was found that there was statistically significant difference according to age (p=0.001, p<0.05); working time in the profession (p=0.011, p<0.05). Because relatively few studies in the literature was determined, it is thought that our study will contribute to the organizational behavior field and also to other researchers in the future.

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Covid 19 korkusunun iş performansına etkisi: Akademisyenler üzerine ampirik bir araştırma

Author(s): Zümral Gültekin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2022

This study investigates the effect of academics' fear of Covid 19 on job performance. In addition, it is among the sub-objectives of the research to investigate whether the fear of Covid 19 and job performance differ according to some demographic variables. For this purpose, the data were obtained from 304 academicians working at a state university. Regression analysis was performed to investigate the effect between variables. In order to determine the differences according to demographic characteristics, a one-way analysis of variance was performed with the independent sample t-test. As a result of the research, it was determined that the fear of Covid 19 in academicians did not significantly affect work performance. Other research results are that the fear of Covid 19 is more in female academicians and that job performance increases as the age increases. Although there are studies investigating the relationship between fear of Covid 19 and work performance in the domestic literature, the absence of a study on academics increases the importance of the research.

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Spor Bilimleri Fakülteleri Mezunu Kadınların İstihdam ve İşsizlik Deneyimleri

Author(s): Ekin Büyükakten,Muazzez Şaşmaz Ataçocuğu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

This study aimed to analyze employment and unemployment experiences of sports faculty graduate women. Most of the literature on women in sports have been written with a feminist theory perspective as part of gender studies. Here, macroeconomic parameters and labor theories were prioritized in the analysis of employment and unemployment experiences of women in the sports industry. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online via Zoom with 22 women from different backgrounds, cities, universities, and ages. A qualitative research method was used, and a content analysis was conducted on the transcribed interviews, which revealed the themes in the study. Following themes were found as a result of the findings: education’s role in employment and unemployment, gender’s role in employment and unemployment, wage and social security issues in employment and unemployment experiences, perception of favoritism, and employment policies. Almost every participant underlined the fact that women in sports, if they educated themselves well enough, under the equal employment opportunities, will be able to find a job. Besides, every one of the participants pointed out that favoritism is the main problem surrounding the sports sector across all areas of work. Women in sports are challenged with housework and childcare in addition to their mostly physical work in their jobs. Women are faced with limitations on finding a job in the public sector and with obstacles, especially in terms of wages, in the private sector causing women either to be unemployed for years or working in jobs for unlawful hours for low wages. This study draws attention to the structural changes in governments, municipalities, federations, sports clubs, and universities that is needed for women to have a transparent and equal future in sports.

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Problems and Prospects of Human Capital Development in Post-Industrial Society

Author(s): Alona Tiurina,Vitalii NAHORNYI,Olha Ruban,Mykola Tymoshenko,Vitalii Vedenieiev,Nataliia Terentieva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

In a post-industrial society, the analysis of human abilities to work, their formation, reproduction and effective functioning is becoming increasingly important for achieving social and economic well-being. In the realities of globalization and total informatization, the figure of a person with his knowledge, creative and intellectual abilities comes to the fore. There is a reorientation of economics from the use of labor resources to the problems of creating a qualitatively new workforce, which takes the form of human capital.The concept of human capital testifies not only to the crucial role of man in the socio-economic system of post-industrial society, but also the need to invest in man, his education, training, health and livelihood, which are now priorities not only for individuals but also various government projects and programs. The state of human capital development is measured using the human capital index, which is calculated for each country separately. In contrast to other studies, the article focuses on the development and importance of human capital in the realities of post-industrial society. Namely, the concept of human capital in the realities of post-industrial society is considered, the state of human capital development in modern conditions is analyzed, the influence and challenges of post-industrial society on human capital development are studied and the method of comparative analysis is applied.

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Mortality Patterns in Romania 2000-2015: Infant Mortality, Adult Mortality and Causes of Death

Author(s): Qiyao Pan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This study documents the recent mortality patterns of Romanian population between 2000 and 2015. Despite the increasing life expectancy at birth, Romania is still witnessing one of the highest infant death rates and tuberculosis death rates in the EU. Based on the internationally available World Health Organization mortality database, this study focuses on three aspects of mortality data: infant mortality, adult mortality, and causes of death, using age-specific decompositions and multiple-decrement life tables. Results show disparities among age groups by sex in a fifteen-year period. The infant mortality and tuberculosis mortality have decreased significantly, yet tuberculosis remains a major death cause among young population. Mortality rates attributable to behavioural factors have been increasing. Moreover, there is an unusually high mortality rate among the 1986-1990 cohorts. These findings shed light on the health conditions in Romania before and after its accession to the European Union

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