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Impact of Demographic Variables on Job Stress Factors: A Study on Turkish Employees

Impact of Demographic Variables on Job Stress Factors: A Study on Turkish Employees

Author(s): Oya Tamtekin Aydin / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Pursuant to research regarding hotel management and tourism, several stress factors have been determined to affect both employees and managers. However, relevant literature does not adequately explore the effect of demographic variables on the stress factors. Moreover, no measurement has been identified to test job stress factors for Turkish hotel employees. Accordingly, this study, particularly aimed (a) to develop a scaling method for examining job stress factors for hotel employees in Turkey, and (b) to examine the differences between demographic characteristics and job stress factors obtained from the scaling endeavor. A convenience sampling method was used to determine the participants in the study. Then, face-to-face questionnaires were administered to employees at four- and five-star hotels in Istanbul. In total, 500 questionnaires were delivered to the employees, and 379 questionnaire forms were considered valid. At the end of the study, scaling was obtained that includes 33 items falling under six job stress factors, the factors of job stress and factor items were ranked and then, the differences between the demographic variables and job stress factors were presented.

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Banka Çalışanlarının Demografik Özelliklerine Göre İş Ahlakı Tutumlarının İncelenmesi

Banka Çalışanlarının Demografik Özelliklerine Göre İş Ahlakı Tutumlarının İncelenmesi

Author(s): Ayşe Gözde Gözüm / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

The main aim of this study is to find out business ethics attitudes of bankers and analyze potential differences about demographic qualifications. In order to obtain the results, questionnaire was formed by demographic questions and ATBEQ scale questions. Questionnaires were answered by the bankers, totally two hundred seventy, from public, private and participation banks. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, test of normality, and variance analysis were used. According to the results, it was found out that, business ethics consciousness varies by gender. Women maintain attitudes about being rule-based, sincere to working conditions, and legal more than men when compared. Nonsense of ethical values, business ethics consciousness, and preference of personal values more than organizational values differs according to age factor. There is no significant variation between the subgroups of education and income level. Finally, the opinion of bankers behave ethically as long as they obey the rules, differs according to experience factor.

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Türkiye’de Besin Destek Ürünlerine Yönelik Görüşler ve Tüketici Profilini Tanımlamaya Yönelik Bir Araştırma

Türkiye’de Besin Destek Ürünlerine Yönelik Görüşler ve Tüketici Profilini Tanımlamaya Yönelik Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Ahu Ergen,Filiz Bozkurt Bekoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2016

Dietary supplement market is growing in Turkey. Local and multinational companies develop and introduce many new products for Turkish dietary supplements market. However, in marketing literature few academic research could be found regarding Turkish consumers’ behavior about dietary supplements. The study involved 673 Turkish consumers from Istanbul, over eighteen years of age. The study examines the characteristics of the respondents regarding demographics, reasons for using dietary supplements, dietary supplements recognition and consumption rates. It is found that top three reasons to consume dietary supplements are immunization, prevention of exhaustion and increasing physical and mental performance. The usage frequency of vitamins C, B, D and calcium are the highest among all. Glucosamine recognition and usage frequency is found very low in the sample. This research is believed to provide valuable information for further causal research that will be conducted in healthy lifestyle products market.

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Relationship of Life Satisfaction and Job Satisfaction among Pakistani Army Soldiers

Relationship of Life Satisfaction and Job Satisfaction among Pakistani Army Soldiers

Author(s): Summaira Naz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The present study had two main objectives; first, to discover the relationships between job satisfaction and life satisfaction in Pakistani army soldiers, second, to find out the age, salary, marital status, and education differences on job satisfaction and life satisfaction in Pakistani army soldiers. In the present study two questionnaires; Job Satisfaction Scale JSS (Macdonald & Maclntyre, 1997) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener, et al., 1985); were administered to a sample (N=400) along with a demographic sheet. The results of the study revealed a significant positive correlation between job satisfaction and life satisfaction of Pakistani army soldiers. The findings of the study also showed a significant age, education, salary, and marital status differences in job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Age, marital status, and salary variables had positive correlation with job satisfaction and life satisfaction but education had a negative association with job satisfaction and life satisfaction.

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Yangın Sigortası Edinme ile Bireylerin Kaygı Düzeyleri mi Yoksa Demografik Özellikleri mi ilişkilidir?

Yangın Sigortası Edinme ile Bireylerin Kaygı Düzeyleri mi Yoksa Demografik Özellikleri mi ilişkilidir?

Author(s): Fatih Burak Gümüş,Kemal Şerit / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2014

This study builds individual households on the reasons for taking or not taking out a fire insurance policy. The main purpose of this study was to determine either demographic characteristics or level of anxiety was effective in taking out fire insurance policy. However, information about individuals’ perception of fire insurance was tried to be reached. For this purpose a questionnaire involving some demographic characteristics of individuals and also an international –Beck A- anxiety scale which aims at the determination of individuals level of anxiety was designed. The survey about individuals’ perceptions of fire insurance was conducted face-to-face to 619 homeowners after excluding incorrectly entered questionnaires. According to the survey results obtained from the analysis, there is a significant association between the anxiety levels and taking out fire insurance policy. In addition, value of the housing and witnessing a fire within the vicinity of the house affect the perception of fire insurance policy. Individuals have been acted in agreement with expected utility theory, at the same time have not been acted different from efficient market hypothesis.

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Akademisyenlerin Duygusal Zekâ, İş Tatmini ve Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki

Akademisyenlerin Duygusal Zekâ, İş Tatmini ve Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki

Author(s): Mustafa Taşliyan,Bengü Hirlak,Gamze Ebru Çiftçi / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

The key objective of this study is to ascertain if the emotional intelligence factors vary among some demographic characteristics through exposing the relationships between emotional intelligence factors and job satisfactions with burnout level. For this purpose, a research was conducted on total 291 academic staffs who work in various universities. This research was used a total of three scales were used for data collection. Measure emotional intelligence Chen (2004 and 2006) scale developed by EI12; to measure job satisfaction, D.J Weiss, R. V. Dawis, G.W England, L.H Lofquist developed by the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ-Short Form); to measure Maslach and Jackson burnout level (1981) developed by Maslach Burnout Inventory scale. Findings of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the subscales of emotional intelligence, job satisfactions and burnout. It was also determined that emotional intelligence factors vary among some demographic characteristics (gender, marital status and age).

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Tüketicilerin Helal Sertifikalı Ürün Tercihleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma İstanbul İli Örneği

Tüketicilerin Helal Sertifikalı Ürün Tercihleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma İstanbul İli Örneği

Author(s): Hüseyin Özdemir,Ali Yaylı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2014

In this study, consumer’s demographic characteristics, the attitude of halal food and religious life styles aimed to investigate whether there is a significant relationship between preference of halal certified products. The target population of the study is the markets costumers, products are sold is halal certified in İstanbul. The sample of the study is 400 costumers over the age of 18, who agreed to participate in the study. The data collection technique used in the survey technique. Frequency distribution analysis of the data, descriptive statistic, t–test, one-factor analysis of variance and Pearson correlation matrix tests were used for analysis of the data. Of the analyzed demographic variables, gender and income level was found significant difference between religious life style. Marital status, job – carrier and income was a found significant difference between the attitude of halal food. Marital status, job – carrier, income and education was found significant difference between the preference of the halal-certified product. Also there are weak significant relationship between religious life styles and the attitude of halal food, there are very weak significant relationship between religious life styles and preference of halal certified products and there are weak significant relationship between the attitude of halal food and preference of halal certified products.

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Turistlerin Otel Seçimlerinde Marka Sadakatini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Demografik Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi: Ankara Örneği

Turistlerin Otel Seçimlerinde Marka Sadakatini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Demografik Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi: Ankara Örneği

Author(s): Ahmet Tayfun,Özgür Yayla / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2013

The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting hotel guests’s brand loyalty and these factors is to determine whether there is a difference or not according to the demographic variables. Within this purpose, a survey research was conducted on the guests staying in the five star hotels of Ankara, Turkey. The research was carried out in two stages, namely the pilot study and the main study. As a result of study, while the factors affecting brand loyalty differs based on the gender and the age of the participants (p0,05).

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Ekonomik Değişkenlerin Kadın ve Erkeğin Yaşam Süresine Etkisi

Ekonomik Değişkenlerin Kadın ve Erkeğin Yaşam Süresine Etkisi

Author(s): Dilek Teker,Suat Teker,Mine Sönmez / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2012

In this study, the relationship between life expectancy of men and women in Turkey and socio-economic variables are examined. The effect of demographic and economic factors such as the ratio of health expenditures to GDP, the ratio of elderly to employable population, the number of hospital beds per thousand people, the number of doctors per thousand patients are analyzed for a period of 1975-2009. In this study, the unit root test is initialy applied to each data set and then the cointegration test results is interpreted to determine whether a meaningful relationship exists between indicators in the long-term. Finally, the effects of the underlying factors on men and women were examined by vector error correction model. These results support that each factor has a significant effect on the life expectancy of men and women in Turkey.

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Havayolu İşletmeleri Mobil Pazarlama Uygulamaları Algısının Yolcuların Demografik Özellikleri Yönünden İncelenmesi

Havayolu İşletmeleri Mobil Pazarlama Uygulamaları Algısının Yolcuların Demografik Özellikleri Yönünden İncelenmesi

Author(s): Vahap Önen / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2018

By developed digital technology and applied these improvements on the mobile applications have been recognized by consumers and quickly have been wide-spreaded. Since the marketing management are aware of this consumer purchasing behaviors, having seen this tendency, they put mobile applications to their marketing program in order to get benefit of mobile marketing activities. Commercial air passenger transportation is also one of the most common industry of use for mobile technologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to show how airline mobile marketing applications are perceived by customers in terms of their demographic traits. In terms of subject a research was conducted by customers who previously were purchased airline ticket and at the same time flew. In the study Aakay’s mobile marketing scale which consist of 15 questions was used. The scale was subjected to factor and reliability analysis to make it fit for the study. In the result of the factor and reliability analysis, 4 questions omitted from the list then four dimensioned scale was ready for analysis. Then, the average value of the each dimension of scale, the frequency of receiving mobile messages and the average time spent on the internet have been determined. Then, "t" tests and one way analysis of variance were conducted to determine the mobile marketing perception in terms of the demographic characteristics of the customers. As a result of the analysis made, it was determined that there is no significant difference in customers' mobile marketing perceptions according to gender status and age groups. In the one-way Anova analysis made according to the educational status, it was determined that mobile marketing perception was perceived differently in all dimensions, according to the income groups; it was seen that there was a significant difference only in the effect of mobile marketing on purchasing decisions, according to the frequency of receiving messages, there were statistically significant differences in the dimensions of the impact of mobile marketing on purchasing decisions, the interest in mobile marketing and the overall view of mobile marketing activities. In generally summarized, it is found that mobile marketing perception has changed more than one demographic traits. Moreover, as per the result of person correlation analysis, it is determined that there are significant and positive correlations between purchased items and customer expenditures, between customers incomes and customers expenditures; between customers ages and customers incomes; between average internet usage duration and customers expenditures.

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Kemal Nurkić, Husein Galijašević, “Stanovništvo Tešnja sredinom XIX stoljeća”

Kemal Nurkić, Husein Galijašević, “Stanovništvo Tešnja sredinom XIX stoljeća”

Author(s): Amir Džinić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 57/2024

Review of: Kemal Nurkić, Husein Galijašević, “Stanovništvo Tešnja sredinom XIX stoljeća”, JU Opća biblioteka Tešanj, Tešanj, 2023., 170 str.

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Nadumieralność z powodu chorób układu krążenia jako czynnik depopulacyjny Łodzi i regionu

Nadumieralność z powodu chorób układu krążenia jako czynnik depopulacyjny Łodzi i regionu

Author(s): Witold Śmigielski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2019

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality in Poland and in the EU as well. Cardiovascular death rate in Lodzkie Voivodeship is one of the highest in Poland. The aim of this paper is to compare the level of CVD mortality in the city of Lodz and nearby region with the Polish national level after elimination of the age factor. The result of analysis indicates that Lodzkie Voivodeship is characterized by the overmortality caused by cardiovascular disease of about 1,000 people every year.

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Strefy wpływu miast a migracje ludności w regionie policentrycznym

Strefy wpływu miast a migracje ludności w regionie policentrycznym

Author(s): Marlena Dyszy,Elżbieta Zuzańska-Żyśko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2020

Rural areas in the hinterland of large urban centres are subject to strong migration processes. There are various spatial and functional consequences, including new impact zones where the urban and rural come into contact. The study aims to identify cities that have created such zones in the rural areas of the polycentric Metropolitan region of Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska (GZM). The study is based on both the scale and direction of migration and covers the years 2002-2017. Rural communes bordering larger urban areas are subject to the most substantial migratory pressure. The impact zones of urban areas are diverse and overlap each other while rural areas are influenced in a number of ways.

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Przemiany poziomu dzietności w obecnych miastach wojewódzkich w Polsce w latach 1983–2020

Przemiany poziomu dzietności w obecnych miastach wojewódzkich w Polsce w latach 1983–2020

Author(s): Piotr Szukalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2021

The turn of the 21st century has been a period of significant change in procreational behaviour in Poland and the aim of the article is to present the changes observed in regional capitals (of voievodships) in a broader context. The main tool used is the total fertility rate (TFR). The most important findings are those related to the observed similarity of the changes, but at the same time a fixed difference between ‘pioneers’ (the biggest cities) and ‘laggards’ (smaller cities located in the eastern part of Poland) is visible.

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Problematyka demograficzna we współczesnych koncepcjach miasta

Problematyka demograficzna we współczesnych koncepcjach miasta

Author(s): Tomasz Kaczmarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2022

In recent years, many new (or reactivated) concepts of the city have appeared, with varying degrees of codification and systematization. Based on a review of the academic literature, the author attempts to answer the question: are demographic issues taken into account in creating the conception of the city and to what extent? We conclude that, just as in the processes of urbanization, demographic trends are intertwined with economic, social, ecological and political ones, demographic issues are also becoming an increasingly important element of the most popular recent conceptions of the city.

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Przemiany demograficzne wybranych terenów przemysłowych i poprzemysłowych we Wrocławiu w XXI wieku

Przemiany demograficzne wybranych terenów przemysłowych i poprzemysłowych we Wrocławiu w XXI wieku

Author(s): Dominik Sikorski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2022

The paper presents the demographic changes taking place in selected industrial and post-industrial areas of a large city, such as Wrocław, in the 21st century. In addition, the article indicates the accompanying morphological, physiognomic and functional changes in these industrial and post-industrial areas. The research was based on the analysis of data from the PESEL database, archival and cartographic inquiries, as well as field research. In the 21st century, the studied areas have undergone significant transformations which were largely determined by the deglomeration of industrial activity from city centers and the desire to intensify the use of space attractively located within the fabric of a large city. The main forces modifying the studied space were companies conducting development and service activities.

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Łódź – miasto kurczące się. Przyczyny i skutki depopulacji, możliwości przeciwdziałań

Łódź – miasto kurczące się. Przyczyny i skutki depopulacji, możliwości przeciwdziałań

Author(s): Jolanta Jakóbczyk-Gryszkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2023

Since the late 1980s Łódź has been experiencing a rapid population decline, the fastest of Poland’s ten largest cities. In the period 1985–2020, Łódź lost over 20% of its population, falling in 2021 to fourth place in Poland in terms of size. The main causes were a very low natural increase and a high mortality rate, resulting in an annual population loss of some 5–7000 inhabitants. This was due, among other factors, to the rapid ageing of its population. A negative migration balance to a lesser extent contributed to population decline. These processes are the results of the political and economic changes which were initiated in 1989 and led in Łódź to the decline of the textile industry that had been the engine of the city’s growth since the 19th century.The local authorities of Łódź are well aware of these problems and are launching various projects designed to prevent the shrinking of the city and to boost its development .As regards urban demographic policy, the most important program is „Młodzi w Łodzi” (“Young People in Łódź”), offering numerous benefits to young people such as traineeships, work experience, free training courses, scholarships, visits to companies and discount tickets. Another urban program called “In vitro for Łódź” supports couples having problems with conception.The demographic situation in Łódź is likely to improve due to the influx of people from Ukraine over several years seeking work in Poland, and after the outbreak of war – an inflow of refugees, some of whom will probably decide on permanent residence. During March–May 2022, the population of Łódź increased due to Ukrainians by some 9–11%.

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Dywergencja czy konwergencja starzenia się ludności dużych miast w Polsce?

Dywergencja czy konwergencja starzenia się ludności dużych miast w Polsce?

Author(s): Joanna Krupowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2023

In large cities (with at least 100,000 inhabitants), disproportions in population structures are visible, and the ageing population has two dimensions: both ‘from above’ and ‘from below’. The aim of the study is to assess the advancement and diversity of population ageing in large cities in Poland from the perspective of 2050. The research question to be investigated is ‘will large cities in Poland become similar in terms of ageing?’ Beta- and sigma-convergence models were used for variables characterizing indicators of population structure by biological age group (0–14 years, 15–64 years, 65+ and 80+). The obtained results allow us to conclude that from the perspective of 2050 cities will have become similar by equalizing the indicators for mature age groups (80+, 65+ and 15–64 years). This means that in the future large cities will become similar in population by ageing ‘from the top’. At the same time, until 2050, there will be differentiation in the proportion of children (aged 0–14), and that of adults (aged 15–64) in large cities will increase.

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Mieszkaniec, czyli kto? Próba oszacowania liczby ludności w województwie pomorskim w 2019 roku na podstawie danych BIG DATA użytkowników telefonii komórkowej

Mieszkaniec, czyli kto? Próba oszacowania liczby ludności w województwie pomorskim w 2019 roku na podstawie danych BIG DATA użytkowników telefonii komórkowej

Author(s): Justyna Przeworska,Marcin Turzyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2023

This article discusses the method which, due to possibility of collecting big data from mobile telephony, allows an estimation of the difference between the officially registered population and the actual number of inhabitants of municipalities in Pomorskie voivodship, with particular attention to Tri-City and its immediate surroundings. The main aim of the research is to answer the question of the real number of people residing in the studied area. The information obtained in comparison with conventional data showed both underestimation and overestimation of the number of inhabitants in municipalities, and this allowed us to specify tourists, users and visitors, as well as track population flows. The results of the survey indicated that the concept of “resident” is becoming less and less clear. The number of inhabitants of a municipality, according to the applied method, is not constant during the calendar year and may be seasonally conditioned.

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YÜZÜNCÜ YILINDA TÜRKİYE DEMOGRAFİSİ

YÜZÜNCÜ YILINDA TÜRKİYE DEMOGRAFİSİ

Author(s): Cenk Beyaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Spec. Iss./2024

This study will focus on the population structure, policies and mobility in Türkiye within a period of one hundred years since the foundation of the Republic. The new nation-state inherited a rural society that had been reduced and disorganised due to war, migration, disease, etc. The Turkish and Muslim elements coming to the mainland from the lost territories began to form the population structure of Turkey. Since its foundation, the Republic of Türkiye has adopted pro-natalist policies to increase population and encourage births on the axis of the view that "population growth supports economic development" and encouraged the increase of fertility and the arrival of Turkish and Muslim elements to Türkiye. In this direction, legal arrangements have been made to criminalise the production, importation and application of contraceptive methods and the termination of pregnancy by voluntary abortion. At the same time, having many children is directly or indirectly encouraged. The establishment of free maternity homes and the lowering of the legal marriage age from 18 to 17 for men and from 17 to 15 for women were supported. From the 1960s onwards, with the transition to the planned period, it is observed that policies to reduce population and control births (anti-natalist) have been adopted. Thus, population policies started to be implemented in line with the view that "population growth is an obstacle to economic development". In this respect, the Law No. 557 on Population Planning re-legalised the sale, import and application of contraceptive methods. Law No. 2827 on Population Planning adopted in 1983 legalised the voluntary termination of pregnancies up to the tenth week and the tubal ligation of women and men. Since 2008, the population-increasing policies that attracted attention with the discourse of "at least 3 children" have become operational again. In addition to increases and decreases in births and deaths, population mobility due to international mass migration has also marked the last years of Türkiye’s hundred-year demographic adventure.

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