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Judėjimo negalią turinčių paauglių socializacijos patirtys reabilitacinėje įstaigoje

Judėjimo negalią turinčių paauglių socializacijos patirtys reabilitacinėje įstaigoje

Author(s): Arvydas Virgilijus Matulionis,Jurgita Subačiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2015

This article analyzes the socialization experience of 12–18 year teenagers with movement disabilities at a treatment and rehabilitation centre and is based on the capital theory by sociologist P. Bourdieu and the concepts of field and habitus. The research has shown that the teens with impaired movement who came to a rehabilitation or medical institution rather painfully feel the temporary separation from parents and “forced” exclusion from their usual social life. An economic capital difference between teenagers living in families and habitants of institutional care is striking. The latter try to hide the fact that they are children from a caring home. Romantic relationships at a treatment and rehabilitation facility plays a very important role to the reconstruction of cracked habitus movement of a disabled teenager and the formation of his/her self confidence. The first doctor and patient’s meeting is the decisive factor in further communication of these two social agents.

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Red box, green box: A self-report behavioral frequency measurement approach for behavioral addictions research

Red box, green box: A self-report behavioral frequency measurement approach for behavioral addictions research

Author(s): Daniel L. King,Joël Billieux,Paul H. Delfabbro / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Behavior frequency measures in behavioral addictions research fail to account for how engagement in the activity relates to each respondent’s personal circumstances. We propose a “Red Box, Green Box” method, an alternative to conventional self-report behavior questions. Participants report two distinct time-based values: (1) Green box: time spent engaged in the activity during ‘free’ time, and (2) Red box: engagement in the activity at times when the respondent should be doing something else (e.g., studying, working, sleeping, exercising, etc.). Some practical examples of the ‘red box, green box’ method are provided. This method may help to calibrate behavioral frequency for each respondent and yield clearer insights into displacement effects and risks associated with frequency of use. We suggest some future research directions to test the feasibility and utility of this approach in different implementations.

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Wanting-liking dissociation and altered dopaminergic functioning: Similarities between internet gaming disorder and tobacco use disorder

Wanting-liking dissociation and altered dopaminergic functioning: Similarities between internet gaming disorder and tobacco use disorder

Author(s): XUEFENG MA,Min Wang,Wei-Ran Zhou,Zhaojie Zhang,Haosen NI,ANHANG JIANG,Yanbin Zheng,Xiaoxia Du,Marc N. Potenza,Guang-Heng Dong / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Background: Although internet gaming disorder (IGD) has been included in the DSM-5 for approximately 10 years, debate remains regarding its existence and classification. Methods: The current research incorporated three approaches. First, implicit association tests were used to examine for potential dissociation between wanting and liking in IGD. Second, brain features in wanting and liking circuits were tested and compared with tobacco use disorder (TUD) when performing a cue-craving task to explore the neural features of wanting and liking. Third, dopaminergic systems were investigated in IGD and TUD using neuromelanin-sensitive MRI. Results: The implicit association test results supported a wanting-liking dissociation in IGD participants. Functional MRI data suggested neural correlates underlying wanting-liking dissociation in IGD and TUD participants, with positive correlations suggesting greater dissociation with increasing addiction severity. Neuromelanin results suggest dopaminergic differences in IGD and TUD relative to healthy control participants. Conclusions: A wanting-liking dissociation in IGD participants suggests gaming motivations in IGD relating to incentive sensitization rather than hedonic responses. The neuromelanin-sensitive MRI results suggest dopaminergic involvement in IGD and TUD. The findings suggest similar brain-behaviour mechanisms for IGD and TUD based on an incentive-sensitization model for addiction, having implications for potential therapeutic strategies and policy-based interventions.

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Effects of bilateral tDCS over DLPFC on response inhibition, craving, and brain functional connectivity in Internet gaming disorder: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial with fMRI

Effects of bilateral tDCS over DLPFC on response inhibition, craving, and brain functional connectivity in Internet gaming disorder: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial with fMRI

Author(s): Jo-Eun Jeong,Chang-Hyun Park,MINJI KIM,Hyun Cho,Arom Pyeon,SUJI JUNG,Dong Jin Jung,Jin-Young Kim,Jihye Choi,Ji-Won Chun,Kook-Jin Ahn,Dai-Jin Kim / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Background and aims: Impaired inhibitory control accompanied by enhanced craving is hallmark of addiction. This study investigated the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on response inhibition and craving in Internet gaming disorder (IGD). We examined the brain changes after tDCS and their correlation with clinical variables. Methods: Twenty-four males with IGD were allocated randomly to an active or sham tDCS group, and data from 22 participants were included for analysis. Participants selfadministered bilateral tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for 10 sessions. Stop-signal tasks were conducted to measure response inhibition and participants were asked about their cravings for Internet gaming at baseline and post-tDCS. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected at pre- and post-tDCS, and group differences in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes from the bilateral DLPFC and nucleus accumbens were examined. We explored the relationship between changes in the rsFC and behavioral variables in the active tDCS group. Results: A significant group-by-time interaction was observed in response inhibition. After tDCS, only the active group showed a decrease in the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT). Although craving decreased, there were no significant group-by-time interactions or group main effects. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) showed group differences in post- versus pre-tDCS rsFC from the right DLPFC. The rsFC between the ACC and left middle frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with the SSRT. Discussion and conclusion: Our study provides preliminary evidence that bilateral tDCS over the DLPFC improves inhibitory control and could serve as a therapeutic approach for IGD.

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Harm-to-self from gambling: A national study of Australian adults

Harm-to-self from gambling: A national study of Australian adults

Author(s): Catherine Tulloch,Nerilee Hing,Matthew Browne,Alex M.T. Russell,Matthew J. Rockloff,Vijay Rawat / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Aims: Understanding how gambling harm is distributed is essential to inform effective harm reduction measures. This first national Australian study of gambling harm-to-self examined the extent, distribution, risk factors, and health related quality of life (HRQoL) impacts of this harm. Methods: A Random Digit Dialling sample of 15,000 Australian adults was weighted to key population variables. Key measures included the Gambling Harms Scale-10 (GHS-10), PGSI, SF-6D, gambling behaviours, and demographics. Analyses included ordinal logistic regression. Results: Amongst gamblers, 14.7% reported harm on the GHS-10, including 1.9% reporting high-level harm. While high-level harm occurred mainly in the problem gambling group (77.3%), other PGSI groups accounted for most of the more prevalent low (98.5%) and moderate (87.2%) harms reported. Proximal predictors of greater harm were use of online gambling and more frequent gambling on electronic gaming machines (EGMs), race betting sports betting, poker, skin gambling, scratchies, and loot box purchasing. Distal predictors were being younger, male, single, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, and speaking a non-English language at home. At the population level, the greatest aggregate HRQoL impacts were amongst lower-risk gamblers, confirming the results of other studies regarding the ‘prevention paradox’. Conclusions: The distribution of harm across gambler risk groups indicates the need for preventive measures, not just interventions for problem gambling. Reducing harm requires modifying product features that amplify their risk, especially for EGMs, race betting and sports betting that are both inherently risky and widely used. Gambling harm exacerbates health disparities for disadvantaged and vulnerable groups, requiring targeted resources and support.

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Confidence biases in problem gambling

Confidence biases in problem gambling

Author(s): MAJA FRIEDEMANN,Celine A. FOX,Anna K. HANLON,Daniel TIGHE,Nick YEUNG,CLAIRE M. GILLAN / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Background and aims: Subjective confidence plays an important role in guiding behaviour, especially when objective feedback is unavailable. Systematic misjudgements in confidence can foster maladaptive behaviours and have been linked to various psychiatric disorders. In this study, we adopted a transdiagnostic approach to examine confidence biases in problem gamblers across three levels: local decision confidence, global task performance confidence, and overall self-esteem. The importance of taking a transdiagnostic perspective is increasingly recognised, as it captures the dimensional nature of psychiatric symptoms that often cut across diagnostic boundaries. Accordingly, we investigated if any observed confidence biases could be explained by transdiagnostic symptom dimensions of AnxietyDepression and Compulsive Behaviour and Intrusive Thought. This approach allows us to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the role of metacognitive processes in problem gambling, beyond the constraints of traditional diagnostic categories. Methods: Thirty-eight problem gamblers and 38 demographically matched control participants engaged in a gamified metacognition task and completed self-report questionnaires assessing transdiagnostic symptom dimensions. Results: Compared to controls, problem gamblers displayed significantly elevated confidence at the local decision and global task levels, independent of their actual task performance. This elevated confidence was observed even after controlling for the heightened symptom levels of Anxiety-Depression and Compulsive Behaviour and Intrusive Thought among the problem gamblers. Discussion: The results reveal a notable disparity in confidence levels between problem gamblers and control participants, not fully accounted for by the symptom dimensions Anxiety-Depression and Compulsive Behaviour and Intrusive Thought. This suggests the contribution of other factors, perhaps linked to gambling-specific cognitive distortions, to the observed confidence biases. Conclusion: The findings highlight the intricate link between metacognitive confidence and psychiatric symptoms in the context of problem gambling. It underscores the need for further research into metacognitive biases, which could enhance therapeutic approaches for individuals with psychiatric conditions.

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Between-session chasing of losses and wins in an online eCasino

Between-session chasing of losses and wins in an online eCasino

Author(s): Ke ZHANG,JASON D. RIGHTS,XIAOLEI DENG,TILMAN LESCH,Luke Clark / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Background and aims: This study characterized chasing behaviour as the time to return to an online gambling website after a losing or a winning visit. Methods: We analyzed a naturalistic dataset from an eCasino (PlayNow.com, the provincial platform for British Columbia, Canada), comprising 1,909,681 sessions from 15,544 individuals. Analyses distinguished sessions on slot machines, blackjack, roulette, video poker, probability games, or mixed-category sessions. Results: Overall, gamblers on most games returned more slowly as a function of the prior loss, and more quickly as a function of the prior win. Loss chasing intensities in blackjack, probability, video poker, and mixed sessions did not differ significantly from slot machines, but roulette was associated with shorter intervals to return (b 5 0.13, p < 0.001). Similarly, win chasing did not vary across slot machines, blackjack, probability games, and video poker, but roulette (b 5 0.08, p < 0.001) and mixed (b 5 0.02, p 5 0.009) sessions were associated with shorter intervals. Discussion and conclusions: The average behavioural patterns provide limited evidence for loss chasing but clearly indicate win chasing. Although slot machines are commonly considered a high-risk product, roulette in our analyses was associated with the greatest chasing intensities.

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Compliance and alternative behaviors of heavy gamers in adolescents to Chinese online gaming restriction policy

Compliance and alternative behaviors of heavy gamers in adolescents to Chinese online gaming restriction policy

Author(s): XINYU ZHOU,Min LIAO,Monika GOROWSKA,XIJING CHEN,YONGHUI LI / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Background and aims: In 2021, China implemented a policy to prevent adolescents from excessive online gaming, with the goal of encouraging healthier leisure activities. Methods: Three months after this policy was implemented, we conducted a study involving 430 Chinese adolescents who regularly played online games for over two hours daily before the policy. We collected their responses to the restriction, including their compliance with the policy, engagement in undesirable alternative behaviors (e.g., watching short videos), and engagement in desirable alternative behaviors (e.g., playing sports). We also collected data on individual factors, parental technology interference, and feelings of restriction to use as predictors for behaviors, including those related to violating the restriction or watching short videos. Results: A small percentage of heavy gamers violated the restriction by renting others’ game accounts (3%) or using a family member’s identity (14%), while 59% of the sample shifted to watching short videos. Heavy gamers who lived in rural areas, spent more time on online games prior to the policy, did not feel restricted from playing online games, and experienced parental technology interference were more likely to violate the restriction. Females or those lacking stable hobbies were more inclined to watch short videos. Conclusions: Although the policy restricted heavy gaming, it has also led to increased short video use. Policymakers could explore alternative approaches, such as developing infrastructure that supports outdoor leisure activities in rural areas, encouraging parents to model responsible technology use behaviors, and guiding adolescents to cultivate positive hobbies in their leisure time.

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The Gaming Disorder Identification Test (GADIT) – A screening tool for Gaming Disorder based on ICD-11

The Gaming Disorder Identification Test (GADIT) – A screening tool for Gaming Disorder based on ICD-11

Author(s): GARY C. K. CHAN,John B. Saunders,Daniel STJEPANOVIĆ,CAITLIN MCCLURE-THOMAS,Jason CONNOR,LEANNE HIDES,ANDREW WOOD,Daniel King,KRISTIANA SISTE,Jiang Long,JANNI K. LEUNG / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Background: Gaming Disorder was included as an addictive disorder in the latest version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), published in 2022. The present study aimed to develop a screening tool for Gaming Disorder, the Gaming Disorder Identification Test (GADIT), based on the four ICD-11 diagnostic criteria: impaired control, increasing priority, continued gaming despite harm, and functional impairment. Method: We reviewed 297 questionnaire items from 48 existing gaming addiction scales and selected 68 items based on content validity. Two datasets were collected: 1) an online panel (N 5 803) from Australia, United States, United Kingdom and Canada, split into a development set (N 5 589) and a validation dataset (N 5 214); and 2) a university sample (N 5 408) from Australia. Item response theory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to select eight items to form the GADIT. Validity was established by regressing the GADIT against known correlates of Gaming Disorder. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses of the GADIT showed good model fit (RMSEA5

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Internet gaming disorder and risky behaviours among Czech adolescents: A nationally representative study

Internet gaming disorder and risky behaviours among Czech adolescents: A nationally representative study

Author(s): JAROSLAVA SUCHÁ,Martin Dolejš,Daniel Dostál,Helena PIPOVÁ,Halley M. Pontes / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Background and aims: The aim of the present study was to estimate the complex association between Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), substance use, and other risky behaviours in Czech adolescents whilst providing prevalence estimates of IGD and psychometric information regarding the Czech Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short-Form (IGDS9-SF). Methods: A representative sample of 3,950 Czech adolescents was recruited through stratified random sampling in the school setting. Results: Disordered gamers showed frequent use of specific substances such as pharmaceuticals, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide. In contrast, non-gamers had higher prevalence of alcohol, cigarettes, sedatives and tranquillisers, and marijuana use. A logistic regression, utilising IGDS9- SF raw scores and average daily gaming time, revealed a U-shaped relationship between gaming and both alcohol and cigarette use. Additionally, conduct problems such as bullying, and risky in-game behaviours were more prevalent among disordered gamers, with the exception of forging parents’ signatures. The overall prevalence of IGD was 3.62% (95% CI 5 [3.1%, 4.3%]), with higher rates in males (5.89%; 95% CI 5 [4.9%, 7.0%]) than in females (1.45%; 95% CI 5 [1.0%, 2.1%]). Discussion and conclusions: The Czech IGDS9-SF used in the present study showed adequate psychometric properties. The association between gaming and substance use behaviours may be specific and multifaceted depending on the severity of the gaming-related problems. Furthermore, disordered gamers may become more vulnerable due to a higher incidence of conduct problems, bullying (victimisation), and in-game risky behaviours such as engagement with microtransactions mechanics (e.g., loot box) within video games.

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The relationship of game genres, in-game purchases, and playing duration with probable gaming disorder in two independent, large-scale online surveys of Japanese adults

The relationship of game genres, in-game purchases, and playing duration with probable gaming disorder in two independent, large-scale online surveys of Japanese adults

Author(s): TAIKI OKA,TAKATOMI KUBO,MISA MURAKAMI,Nao KOBAYASHI / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Background and aims: Game genres, availability on smartphones, in-game purchases, and playing duration, have been thought to influence Gaming Disorder (GD). However, little research has comprehensively examined their relationships with GD. Therefore, we examined the relationship between GD, in-game purchases, gaming duration via consoles and smartphones, and genres of smartphone games. Study 1 was based on self-reports, and Study 2 included objective data to clarify these associations. Methods: We conducted two independent online surveys that collected sociodemographic data, game use patterns, and psychopathological assessment data, including GD severity (Study 1: N 5 32,690; Study 2: N 5 3,163). General mental illness scores and objective gaming time were also collected in Study 2. Results: In Study 1, in-game purchases, several gaming genres, and subjective gaming duration were positively associated with probable GD. On the other hand, interactions between card games and loot box charges were negatively related to probable GD. In Study 2, objective gaming times of most game genres were not associated with GD. Although the correlation between subjective and objective gaming duration was moderate, their correlations with GD differed. Discussion and conclusion: These results suggest the complexity of relationships between GD and in-game purchases, genres, and gaming duration. Results of this study suggest the importance of proper assessment of GD reflecting actual functional impairment in social life. Future studies should improve and update evaluation of assessments for gaming

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Neural correlates of model-based behavior in internet gaming disorder and alcohol use disorder

Neural correlates of model-based behavior in internet gaming disorder and alcohol use disorder

Author(s): MINA KWON,Hyunkyung Choi,HARHIM PARK,WOO-YOUNG AHN,Young-Chul Jung / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Background: An imbalance between model-based and model-free decision-making systems is a common feature in addictive disorders. However, little is known about whether similar decision-making deficits appear in internet gaming disorder (IGD). This study compared neurocognitive features associated with model-based and model-free systems in IGD and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Method: Participants diagnosed with IGD (n 5 22) and AUD (n 5 22), and healthy controls (n 5 30) performed the two-stage task inside the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. We used computational modeling and hierarchical Bayesian analysis to provide a mechanistic account of their choice behavior. Then, we performed a model-based fMRI analysis and functional connectivity analysis to identify neural correlates of the decision-making processes in each group. Results: The computational modeling results showed similar levels of model-based behavior in the IGD and AUD groups. However, we observed distinct neural correlates of the model-based reward prediction error (RPE) between the two groups. The IGD group exhibited insula-specific activation associated with model-based RPE, while the AUD group showed prefrontal activation, particularly in the orbitofrontal cortex and superior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, individuals with IGD demonstrated hyper-connectivity between the insula and brain regions in the salience network in the context of model-based RPE. Discussion and Conclusions: The findings suggest potential differences in the neurobiological mechanisms underlying model-based behavior in IGD and AUD, albeit shared cognitive features observed in computational modeling analysis. As the first neuroimaging study to compare IGD and AUD in terms of the model-based system, this study provides novel insights into distinct decision-making processes in IGD.

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Delay discounting of protected sex and compulsive sexual behavior in women with borderline personality disorder

Delay discounting of protected sex and compulsive sexual behavior in women with borderline personality disorder

Author(s): Maja FINKENSTAEDT,DANIEL BIEDERMANN,Johanna Schröder,ROSE GHOLAMI MAZINAN,Johannes Fuss,SARAH V. BIEDERMANN / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Background and aims: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex mental health condition characterized by emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and unstable interpersonal relationships. Some individuals with BPD regularly engage in sexual risk behavior such as unprotected sex and are at higher risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections. This study investigates discounting of condom- or dental damprotected sex in women with BPD compared with a control group. Methods: Data were collected from 40 women diagnosed with BPD and 40 healthy controls with an average age of 27.28 years (SD 5 6.14) using the Sexual Delay Discounting Task (SDT), the Borderline Symptom List-23 (BSL-23), and the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale-19 (CSBD-19). Results: Women with BPD were less likely to use an immediately available condom or dental dam and more likely to discount safer sex than controls. Partner desirability and the perceived STI risk influenced the participants’ likelihood of having protected sex. Women with BPD showed more symptoms of compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) than controls. However, sexual delay discounting was not significantly correlated with borderline symptoms or CSB in the BPD group. Discussion and conclusions: These findings contribute to our understanding of sexual impulsivity in women with BPD and highlight the omission and delayed availability of safety measures as important contributors to sexual risk behavior and STI risk in women. Impulsive sexual behavior, as well as the accompanying sexual health concerns, should receive special attention in the treatment of women with BPD.

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ADOLESCENTS ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR. COMPARATIVE STUDY BY GENDER AND AGE

ADOLESCENTS ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR. COMPARATIVE STUDY BY GENDER AND AGE

Author(s): Mariana Floricica Călin,Elena-Teodora NURCIU / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The theme addressed in this paper is one of great importance, antisocial behavior in teenagers being a sensitive topic. For this reason I wanted to research the differences that can appear depending on gender and age through its presence in adolescents. A sample of 76 students was assessed by selfadministering a questionnaire on antisocial behavior and the characteristics that this type of behavior implies. The purpose of the present study is to examine and evaluate differences in antisocial behavior in adolescents according to gender and age. The results showed that there are significant differences in antisocial behavior by gender and age. The statistical results and the confirmed hypotheses are supported by the specialized literature, but also by my own opinion regarding the possible reasons. The understanding, support and affective communication offered by the family, social and school framework, as well as the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and humanistic therapeutic methods, can have positive results in reducing this antisocial behavior.

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THE INFLUENCE OF DRUG ADDICTION ON CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR

THE INFLUENCE OF DRUG ADDICTION ON CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR

Author(s): Shaban Jakupi / Language(s): English Issue: 21-22/2024

The relationship between drug addiction and criminal behavior constitutes a complex interplay, as substance abuse impacts a wide spectrum of criminal activities. Building on foundational knowledge and guided by theoretical frameworks, multiple contributing factors influencing this interaction have been investigated. Socio-economic conditions, individual predispositions, and the availability of illicit substances are among the key factors in this context. By examining such factors, we aim to achieve a broader understanding of how substance abuse can trigger various criminal activities. Law enforcement strategies, treatment approaches, and their broader societal consequences are integral components of this study. Additionally, the examination of ethical considerations and human rights concerns that may arise is of importance. This study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and multidimensional approach to address the challenges posed by addiction and its relationship with criminality, with a focus on societal consequences and the potential for positive change. This can provide valuable insights into this issue, contributing to a deeper understanding and, among other things, its impact on the Western Balkans.

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DRUGS AND THEIR SPREAD, CASE STUDY OF THE REGION OF TETOVO

DRUGS AND THEIR SPREAD, CASE STUDY OF THE REGION OF TETOVO

Author(s): Muazam Halili,Llokman Mirtezani / Language(s): English Issue: 21-22/2024

From year to year, drug abuse is growing at a high rate, slowly becoming a very disturbing phenomenon for man and society itself, perhaps their effects on all are quite harmful to human health. In this regard, local and international institutions must do their best to prevent this negative phenomenon, perhaps their negative effects are multideional.In this paper, some issues related to drugs will be elaborated, with special emphasis in the Tetovo region. Among other things, some statestic data obtained from the Tetovo Internal Affairs Sector, which belongs to the period 2021-2023, related to adequate submissions against persons involved in incriminating activities of this nature, types of drugs and their quantity. In the course of the paper, the analysis method, statestic method, comparative method, observation method, etc. will be used.In conclusion, some concrete conclusions and recommendations will be made that should be taken into account in the fight against this type of crime.Given the negative effects of the use of narcotics in society, this work aims to increase awareness among state officials especially those who are called to fight criminality to be more responsible in carrying out official authorizations and duties. Also this paper provides knowledge to ordinary citizens not to fall prey to manipulations that affect the use or distribution of narcotics. In this regard, we hope that the work in question, however little, represents a modest contribution to scientific and practical rafhs.

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Addiction, mental health and dual pathology in geriatrics

Addiction, mental health and dual pathology in geriatrics

Author(s): Bruno De Lema Larre / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2015

The mental pathology is not “trending topic” in any forum, prejudices, clichés and destitution by society, forge this a very murky issue, as scientific evidence about it. If addiction is added and the pose in geriatric patients had a total “TABU” Substance abuse at age 50, will be extended to geriatric ages, a tsunami is approaching. Only in the United States and Canada it is estimated that 2.8million over 50years with addiction and that by 2020 will be about 5.7million.1 These figures are opaque. Experts talk about this problem is underestimated. If it is clear that these 2.8million that have not yet reached retirement age, pass shortly geriatric ages and there is the problem of tackling complex. What forced this situation? A demand for services involving detoxification and very probably psychic and active therapy and intensive monitoring of these patients, a reality, coupled to a portion of those suffering from dual pathology (addiction + mental illness). Those public systems can not address this problem and are private insurance, who must consider the situation in planning their “healthcare management in geriatrics”. Definitely these needs, involves changes in the coverage of health insurance policies, and increased staff and center for these patients in the acute phase and monitoring of chronically with extremely high costs. So determine where we stand currently allow, guide management strategies in such a situation.

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LIJEČITI OVISNOST ZNAČI LIJEČITI CJELOKUPNO LJUDSKO BIĆE, JER JE OVISNOST PREKOMPLEKSNA DA BI SE SAMO ZDRAVSTVENE USTANOVE BORILE S NJOM

LIJEČITI OVISNOST ZNAČI LIJEČITI CJELOKUPNO LJUDSKO BIĆE, JER JE OVISNOST PREKOMPLEKSNA DA BI SE SAMO ZDRAVSTVENE USTANOVE BORILE S NJOM

Author(s): Elvedin Subašić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 99/2024

Interview with Mevludin Joldić, by Elvedin Subašić.

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Организирана престъпност – от заплахата към рисковото мислене

Организирана престъпност – от заплахата към рисковото мислене

Author(s): Rada Smedovska-Toneva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Organized crime has become an extremely powerful concept that underlies many different policies for combatting it. A lot of countries, sensitive to the problem, are investing considerable resources – legislative, institutional, financial and human – in order to counter this phenomenon. However, then the question arises as to what they direct their efforts against, what they take into account, how they perceive organized crime. Legislative actions most often go through the creation of specialized institutional instruments (investigative structures or specialized courts), through which it is assumed that the fight against this type of crime would be more successful and effective. Before proceeding to specific institutional and structural-determining actions, however, it is important for each of the countries to determine how they perceive this social problem. Not so much from a conceptual point of view, but from a strategic point of view – whether as a threat, whether as a risk or as something else. Depending on this, policies to control and limit the level of organized crime would have a different focus. This text aims to illustrate precisely that perceiving this type of non-conventional crime as a risk reverses the institutional thinking and from reactive, it should become more preventive.

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Anksiozna osjetljivost i suicidalnost kod osoba sa ptsp-om: pregled istraživanja

Anksiozna osjetljivost i suicidalnost kod osoba sa ptsp-om: pregled istraživanja

Author(s): Zana Aziraj,Vildana Aziraj-Smajić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/2017

The goal of this article is to explain the nature of the relation between anxiety sensitivity (AS) and suicidality among people with PTSD and reveal the mechanisms that lie in the background of that relation. Present studies reveal that people with PTSD who are having increased AS more often report the presence of suicidal ideas and suicide attempts. Cognitive concerns as elementary determinants are shown to be a significant predictor of suicide risk among people with PTSD. Also, they are significant predictors of suicide risk among people with depressive disorder, and it is possible that anxiety sensitivity will be a stronger predictor of suicide risk in comorbidity. Further, it is shown that the best predictor of suicidality among persons with PTSD are high cognitive concerns in interaction with low physical concerns. Consistent with research results clinical implications suggest a significant role for the treatment of cognitive concerns in reducing PTSD symptoms and suicidal ideas. According to this information, it can be concluded that anxiety sensitivity can be a strong predictor of suicidality among persons with PTSD, and therefore it should be an important part of treatment.

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