Traverso, Enzo: Trhlina v dějinách. Esej o Osvětimi a intelektuálech Academia, Praha 2006, 240 stran
Review of: Traverso Enzo "Trhlina v dějinách. Esej o Osvětimi a intelektuálech" Academia, Prague 2006, 240 pages by: Pavel Zeman
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Review of: Traverso Enzo "Trhlina v dějinách. Esej o Osvětimi a intelektuálech" Academia, Prague 2006, 240 pages by: Pavel Zeman
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Review of: Čapka Oldřich (ed.) "Návraty k hodnotám aneb za co jsme bojovali" Confederation of Political Prisoners of the Czech Republic - Center for the Study of Democracy and Culture, Brno 2013, 143 pages by: Michal Janata
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Evaluation of effects of the programme School without violence has been completed as an important thing which enables safe stay of pupils at school. It has been done as an action research with the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth grade pupils at elementary school. General aim of this research is directed towards diminishing violent behaviour by the use of action research and making positive atmosphere, School without violence. This process of research had three phases. Programme activities and contents have been created in the first phase of this research programme as well as the organising of the teachers training who have agreed to take part in the project. In the second phase of this action research, activities and evaluation of the process were being done at the same time and in the last phase the final evaluation of the effects of the programme. The results showed that action research can change and improve educational practice with simultaneous, active taking part of the teachers, researchers, critical friends and pupils in all phases of the research. Activities that were completed showed that pupils learn about different kinds of violence as well as about different ways of reactions in these kinds of situations through creative way of work. Special accent in this research was directed towards developing and making constructive solutions in order to resolve conflicts and misunderstandings by talking and also through social dialogue, as well as towards non-violent communication and tolerance.
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This study aimed at identifying social skills and their relationship to cyberbullying behaviors among students in the Hail region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted on a sample of (398) male and female students (191 males and 207 females). The study used the descriptive method and developed two questionnaires as instruments of the study, the first on social skills and the second on cyberbullying. The results of the study indicated that the level of social skills of secondary school students in the Hail region was high. There were differences due to the influence of gender in all areas, except for the area of social participation, and the differences were in favor of females in all fields. The results also showed the existence of differences in the level of “social skills” attributed to the “level of academic achievement,” and the differences were in favor of those with higher achievement. The results did not show any differences attributable to "grade" in all areas, except for the field of "social participation," and the differences were between the tenth and eleventh grades. The results found a negative relationship between the level of "social skills" and "bullying behaviors" among secondary school students in the Hail region.
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The article presented the issue of vandalism concerned to the activity so called Islamic State. This group is a salafi jihadist organization. ISIS promotes religious violence and develop strategy to create a new Islamic caliphate. To achieve its goals ISIS use violence against others, including Muslim and people from western world. Destruction of world cultural heritage is a result ideology and tactics. Items taken from archeological sites are traded for weapons.
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The article deals with war, as experienced by human beings. The authors agree that war is materially and psychosocially costly. They present experts’ opinions who professionally examined emotions and attention issues as well as dealt with the problems related to the psychological aspects of war. The main conclusion is that it is impossible to take part in a real war without experiencing strong emotions and incurring high psychological costs associated with participation in war operations. Death, injury, sexual violence, malnutrition, illness and disability are examples of the most dramatic physical consequences, and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety are some of the effects of emotional disorders. War also contributes to disrupting the normal course of family and social life, causing suffering to people, which is very characteristic of the course of hostilities. This paper shows how people, who experienced war, respond to traumas and it presents different views on possible reactions. It also lists the consequences of psychological nature caused by hybrid warfare.
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In the article the scale of domestic violence in Poland in 2008–2018 regarding minor perpetrators was analysed. The authors discussed the phenomenon of domestic violence based on the literature review and statistical data. Some theoretical issues related to minor offenders were presented. The authors indicated typical crimes which could be associated with domestic violence, presented and analysed statistical data to represent the phenomenon. Attention was also paid to the difficulties encountered by the authors during the analysis of the data, and the interpretation challenges. The authors concluded that the reasons behind each crime, as well as the educational function of particular punishment should be considered. Due to the changes in the system of police statistics introduced in 2012 and the lack of precise nomenclature it is being difficult to interpret available statistical data.
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Decentralisation is a political principle in Poland. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland states directly that it should be provided by the territorial system of the state. Therefore, it should be the responsibility of local government to carry out public tasks to the widest extent. An expression of the implementation of the principle of decentralisation of public authority in our country is undoubtedly the separation of tasks in the field of domestic violence prevention between public administration authorities. According to the Act on Counteracting Domestic Violence, such tasks are performed by government administration authorities and local government units. However, the role of the municipality, which is the local government unit closest to the citizens, performs key tasks in the context of protecting the family against violence, should be stressed. The conducted research aims to analyze the legal regulations concerning the performance of tasks in the field of counteracting domestic violence by the commune in terms of proving that the scope of tasks assigned to this basic local government unit is the realization of the principle of decentralization, which is the main principle of the state system.
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Contemporary criminology notes an ever-increasing escalation of aggressive behaviours among Polish society. It is observed a brutalisation of crimes involving both physical and verbal aggression. At the same time, society is paying increasing attention to and condemning aggressive behaviour towards animals. This is manifested in the proposed amendments to the Law on the Protection of Animals. The aim of the article is to show that there is a close relationship between aggression directed against humans and animals perpetrated by the same persons. The article is a report from research conducted by the author. The paper is divided into six parts: introduction presenting the status quaestionis of the problem, research methodology, results of research based on file records, criminological theories explaining aggressive behaviours and conclusions. The basic finding is that there are links between aggression towards people and animals, in particular these links are noticeable with the crime of domestic violence which is penalized under provisions of the article 207 of the Polish Penal Code.
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The concept of human security has evolved in recent years. It focuses on the protection of individuals. Violent conflicts are a major threat to human security because of their devastating impact. While violent conflict is a significant threat, there are many other threats that can harm individuals. These relate to threats to health, the economy and the environment. The aim of the research is to analyze the socioeconomic issues of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and discuss its influence on human security in the Caucasus region. Conflict resulted in the reduction of output in occupied and surrounded regions decreasing welfare of the people. The entire occupied region, which is full of natural resources and production opportunities, remains almost unused. Conflict also led to the loss of large financial resources on both sides because of military expenditures. Hundreds killed, Dozens of civilians dead on both sides.
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The key resource on which the efficiency of the system offering protection and support to victims of domestic violence depends is related to the number of professionals who deal with this phenomenon at work and to the training offered to them. Qualifications and competences of professionals who are directly engaged in cases of domestic violence are the key to success in prevention of violence and legal prosecution of perpetrators, as well as in providing direct support to victims of violence. For that reason, the research focuses on the respective segments of public systems that deal with domestic violence. Through an analysis of the basic elements of competences of employees in public systems, this paper gives an overview of the state of human resources from the aspect of possessing expertise and professional knowledge, experience, and abilities. With regard to this, the sample of 283 respondents employed in the police, social work centres, health centres, and primary schools in six municipalities in the northern part of Republic of Srpska offers a conclusion that the existing resources are not sufficiently developed and directed towards the area of domestic violence. In addition, the results obtained show that there is no practice of professional training introduced for dealing with the field of domestic violence at work, with the self-perception of employees in public institutions not related to objective indicators of their abilities and skills they possess. In terms of practical agency, the focus is mainly on minimal actions arising from the implementation of the most necessary legal procedures, while the interest expressed by professionals employed in public institutions opens space for their professional development in this direction and ensuring greater functionality of the system in terms of offering protection and support to victims of domestic violence.
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The article problematizes two universal problems in modern schools – peer violence and experiencing boredom in the classroom, and their interconnectedness. The results of research conducted among 604 students with an average age of 13.9 years show that these are relatively common among adolescents and that academic boredom is a significant predictor of victimization and the commission of traditional and electronic peer violence, which should be taken into account when creating prevention programs.
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In my article, I would like to reflect on the paradigm of Czech heroism based on the film by Robert Sedláček (2018) Jan Palach, which is a fact-based tale of a twenty-year-old student at the Charles University in Prague, who on January 16, 1969 self-immolated in Wenceslas Square in the centre of Prague in protest against aggression of the Warsaw Pact forces on Czechoslovakia and the growing apathy of Czechoslovak society. I will think about how his image is constructed in a film more than fifty years after his death. I will place my considerations in the context of the tradition of presenting the Czech hero in humanistic literature and the activities of official state institutions, as well as in relation to mythological structures, through which I will capture the most important elements of the composition of Robert Sedláček’s film. As a consequence, my fundamental research question will remain not only the question of the very construction of the hero, but also this construction in relation to other ideas of national heroes in contemporary Czech culture.
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The current case law regarding the recognition of racially motivated offences as being undertaken without a reason or for an obviously trivial reason can raise serious doubts. It does not seem reasonable to assume the existence of a racial reason of the act of the perpetrator on the one hand, which is necessary for assigning an offence under Article 119 § 1 and Article 257 of the Criminal Code, and on the other hand, to recognise that the reason for the act of the perpetrator did not exist at all. Treating such reasons as trivial may also raise doubts on the juridical level.
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The paper deals with the use of bibliotherapy in the prevention of bullying in elementary school. It defines the concept of bullying and the role of the teacher in the system of bullying prevention in schools. The text contains a list of story books usable for working with the topic of bullying and suggestions for follow-up creative techniques (mainly written activities). Bibliotherapy techniques can help prevent bullying, but also solve first stages of bullying.
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The article attempts to identify those components of communicative competence that give a chance to eliminate violence from communication acts. Attention was paid to the power of words as a carrier of good or evil. Concern for the presence of good words in public discourse is at the same time an opportunity to minimize the space of violence in communication. Properly understood appropriateness of communication derived from the inalienable principle of respect for human being as the subject of the communication process can be an antidote to violence in communication relations.
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Women in all of their cultural and social diversity have been affected in many ways by the COVID-19 pandemic – as health and social sector workforce, as victims of domestic abuse. The main aim of the research project is to address COVID-19 from a gender lens. This article presents and discusses results of qualitative empirical research with female participants on topics relevant to pandemic, including its impact on social and cultural practices. The result of this research is the determination of narratives related to home experienced as a prison, an oasis, a place appropriated by online work and learning, an open place and conceived as Noah’s Ark.
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The importance of studying the concept of self-control, as one of the mechanisms of adaptation, is especially recognized in the field of controlling various forms of socially unacceptable behaviors, and thus violent behavior. The research was conducted with the aim to explore the predictive power of self-control in the context of internalized and externalized violent behavior. The sample was 385 final-grade high school students. As the measuring instruments, the self-control scale as well as the scale for examining the frequency of manifested internalized and externalized violent behavior have been used. Linear regression analysis has been applied. Results show that dimensions of self-control Healthy habits (β= -0.331), Deliberate (β= -0.183), Reliability (β= -0.130) and General capacity for self-discipline (β= -0.135) significantly predicts internalized violent behavior, dimensions Healthy habits (β=-0.285) and General capacity for self-discipline (β= -0.141) predicts externalized violent behavior. The importance of the concept of self-control for understanding behavior has been reaffirmed, by emphasizing the manifestation of internalized and externalized violent behavior.
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In this study on “Genocidal anti-Bosnianism”, five elements of anti-Bosnian ideology are looked at with reference to past and potential genocides: (1) orientalism and self-orientalization and Turkification and self-Turkification as applied to the Muslim section of the Bosnian people; (2) the ideological justification of the war against Bosnia and her people by reducing it to a Civil War; (3) the ideological inversion (and so undermining) of any potential politically conscious Bosnian identity (Bosnianhood); (4) the means and mechanisms for anamnesis in understanding the genocidal anti-Bosnian project; and (5) psychological and epistemological shortcomings in current research into genocidal ideologies. In the author’s view, this analysis at least suggests potential ways to overcome our failure to come to terms the present and future threat of genocide and other crimes being repeated.
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The core of contemporary Bosniak politics of history is composed of narratives depicting the history of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Muslims, also known as Bosniaks, as the history of genocides. These narratives are systemized as the "Paradigm of Ten Genocides" which were committed by European Christians, chiefly Serbian and Montenegrin Orthodox Christians and Croatian Catholics, since the Great Turkish War in the late 17th century until the Bosnian War at the end of the 20th century. According to this paradigm, Croatians committed four great genocides against Muslims or more specifically Bosniaks. These narrations serve as nationalist self-victimization myths, based on ignoring historical facts and their scientific interpretation. From a political science perspective, it is especially disastrous to ignore scientific concepts and typologies of political violence and violent conflicts, and to classify almost all types of crimes under the notion of genocide.
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