Да слушаш страданието: социоанализата и „патосният“ обрат в понятието за опит

Author(s): Svetlana Sabeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

The article relates socioanalysis to the so-called ‘science of the suffering subject; as developed on the borders between phenomenological anthropology, psychopathology and psychoanalysis. Before any scientific or clinical objectivation (typification, diagnosis etc.), this ‘science’ – or, rather, analytic – thematizes the affective space of suffering, viewing it not only as intrapsychic but as intersubjective, intercorporeal and shareable, without presupposing the practical dualisms (between psychic and somatic, individual and social, abnormal and normal) or the division of labour between the ‘sufferance experts’. The text focuses on one of the instances in this affective space – the ‘ear’ of the analyst (who can be a lay person) and the listening to the other’s suffering. The first section thematizes the pathos turn in the concept of experience, placing it in the historical context of Benjamin’s diagnosis of the ‘devaluation of experience’, the weakening of its communicability, and the ‘decline of storytelling’. The second section problematizes – in the context of an actual case – the limits of dialogue in the course of narrative construction of identity, as well as the corporeal ‘enactment’ of a situation of vulnerability. The third paragraph presents situations of professional listening – correspondingly the suffering of the schizophrenic (in the dispositive of phenomenological psychopathology) and the ‘everyday sufferance from society’ (in the dispositive of Bourdieu’s socioanalysis. This demonstrates how precisely self-telling and self-understanding today are increasingly more and more constituted as from the active, maieutic listening. The article argues that the maieutic listener represents a specific ‘transitional figure of experience’ and a ‘primary representative’ (in the sense of Waldenfels) of the suffering subject, one to whom is due a fundamental achievement of social life: reflexive existential knowledge, respectively – the recognition of suffering.

Detecting Power in Power Projection: The Case of Uzbekistan

Author(s): Farkhod Tolipov / Language(s): English Issue: Special 2/2019

The term “power projection” is more often than not used to describe the extension (or application) of national power beyond state boundaries for the purpose of exerting influence on other states. In this paper, the term is used not only in this sense but also, primarily, to describe the internal (intra-state) sweep and employment of power. The term “power projection” can be relevant for studying the nature of power in a positivist perspective, through observation of its “traces” and manifestations. In being projected, power displays itself, is revealed. Political power in Uzbekistan, as in other Central Asian countries, is a very sophisticated phenomenon. Its ontology and epistemology are addressed here in a dialectical perspective. The paper analyses pillars of political power in Uzbekistan such as the cult of personality, the omnipotent Presidential Apparatus, the ubiquitous security agency, absenteeism of the demos, and opportunist political parties, all of these taken as variables that help detect nuances of power. The Uzbekistan context also provides evidence of, so to speak, “power by default” – a phenomenon that is less exposed to relational theory of power than to behavioral theory. The above-mentioned “pillars of power” are examined in this perspective. Finally, sacralization as a means of power projection is considered in the context of Uzbekistan.

Bosnia-Herzegovina and the Crisis of the Post-Cold War International System

Author(s): Mujeeb R. Khan / Language(s): English Issue: 03/1995

The war in the former Yugoslav republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina has lasted nearly three years and ranks as the bloodiest conflict in Europe since the Second World War. The fighting has threatened not only the stability of the Balkans but also has undermined NATO and the UN and exposed the failure of the European Union's attempts to fashion a coherent and common security and foreign policy. The war has also significantly, and often adversely, involved the interests of the United States, Britain, France, the Russian Federation, and a number of lslamic countries. Finally, while many were expecting the spread of peace and prosperity to follow the end of the cold war, the world has witnessed instead the resurrection of an evil in Europe, which many assumed had been exorcised by the defeat of Nazi Germany. The conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina has involved the deliberate and systematic use of genocide, with its familiar death squads, sealed cattle cars, and concentration camps, against one of Europe's last remaining populations of indigenous Muslims. [...]

The Yugoslav Crisis and the West: Avoiding “Vietnam" and Blundering into “Abyssinia"

Author(s): Sabrina Petra Ramet / Language(s): English Issue: 01/1994

East Europeans have repeatedly looked to the West with expectations that proved to be unrealistic. In 1848, for example, the revolutionary government of the secessionist Republic of Hungary hoped to secure diplomatic recognition from the Western powers, beginning with England, but was immediately rebuffed by Whitehall. Fifteen years later, Polish insurgents in the so-called Congress Kingdom of the Russian Empire were buoyed up by hopes that the signatories of the Vienna treaty of 1815 would intervene on their behalf. Instead, France, Britain, and Austria registered some protests in March and April, backed off in embarrassment, and finally produced a six-point denarche in June 1863 which largely disappointed the Poles. After London and Vienna blocked a French effort to convene an international conference to discuss the Polish situation, the Powers essentially left Russia alone to deal with the Poles as it saw fit. [...]

Changes in aggression and stress in perpetrators and victims of domestic violence due to the “Blue Cards” procedure

Author(s): Aleksandra Maria Rogowska,Zofia Kardasz,Sebastian Wicher / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 10/2020

The research aimed to examine changes in stress and aggression syndrome among victims and perpetrators of domestic violence while participating in the “Blue Cards” procedure. The study participants were 30 female domestic violence victims, ranged in age between 27 and 58 years (M = 4,33; SD = 9,19), and 30 male perpetrators of domestic violence aged between 22 and 56 years old (M = 36,97; SD = 10,06). Aggression syndrome was measured using the Inventory of Psychological Aggression Syndrome (IPSA II), and the stress level was assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). The prospective study used a test-retest procedure. Both aggression and stress were examined in the whole sample of 60 individuals twice: at baseline and six months after the “Blue Cards” procedure was introduced. Participants have rated self-report aggression syndrome and stress, and also they have assessed the aggression syndrome of his/her partner. Nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank tests have been used for test-retest comparisons. The results show that active participation in assistant activities decreased the level of stress in domestic violence victims and their perception of perpetrators’ aggression syndrome. The “Blue Cards” procedure may be considered an effective method of supporting victims and preventing domestic violence among perpetrators.

Cooperation between religion teachers and police psychologists in the prevention of domestic violence

Author(s): Anna Zellma / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 10/2020

This article aims to show the importance of cooperation between religion teachers and police psychologists in preventing domestic violence. The method of analysis of the literature and state documents (e.g. the law of education) is used. The conclusions were presented in a synthetic way. It has been noted that the cooperation of religion teachers with police psychologists serves to eliminate risk factors that can lead to domestic violence. The parties must therefore remain open towards one another, be ready to engage in dialogue and share knowledge and experience in the area of the prevention of domestic violence.

Recenzja książki: Paweł A. Leszczyński. (2018). Irlandia Północna. Między przeszłością a nadzieją trwałej regulacji pokojowej. Gorzów Wielkopolski: Wojewódzki Ośrodek Metodyczny, ss. 116.

Author(s): Grzegorz Mathea / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

Serious violent or sexual offenders travelling across European Union Borders: Ideological and ethical challenges of information exchange

Author(s): Sarah Hilder,Hazel Kemshall / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

The relative ease of international travel, coupled with open borders across much of the European Union provides capacity for some serious violent or sexual offenders to utilise these advancements to increase their opportunities to offend. In 2013, an EU-funded project reviewed existing information exchange systems and the challenges of collaborative working across EU Member States to manage such offenders. This article reviews key issues arising from that research, and a range of ideological, ethical and legal differences and constraints that impact upon the choices and actions of law enforcement and probation personnel.

On urban safety in the occident: Some relevant observations

Author(s): Tom Kauko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Recent decades have witnessed an accelerating population movement from Africa and Asia to Europe and North America. This trend has interfered with the stability of Western urban life, thereby eroding a relatively homogeneous Western urban culture and traditional European urban values. And more worryingly, this process has also decreased safety due to violent gang related crimes as well as potential terrorist threats, mainly in big cities across Western Europe and USA. One could therefore argue that the role of urban scholars should be to question and critically inquiry this harm being caused. Therefore, this contribution discusses the issues of safety and trust (and lack thereof), amid intensified mass immigration and related security threats in urban neighbourhoods across the Western world today.

Fitzgibbon W (2011), Probation and Social Work on Trial (Violent Offenders and Child Abuser)

Author(s): Sharon Brereton / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2013

Review of: Sharon Brereton - Fitzgibbon W (2011), Probation and Social Work on Trial (Violent Offenders and Child Abusers). Basingstoke. Palgrave Macmillan

Onda-Sada-Sutra

Author(s): Suada Kapić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 89-90/2020

Sada, aprila 2020. godine (dok traje planetarni napad virusa korona), sjedim na Grbavici u Sarajevu, na istoj lokaciji kao i onda – 1992. (kad je počela opsada grada). Pošto sam preživjela četverogodišnju opsadu, moji prijatelji misle da sam veteran i da sada, u vrijeme napada virusa korona, imam rješenja za preživljavanje, zato što smo od 1992. do 1996. osmišljavali rješenja za dugotrajne permanentne opasnosti (snajpere, granate, a bez struje, vode, grijanja, telefona, pošte, hrane, škola, odjeće, obuće, institucija, kretanje kao životna lutrija: ogromna mogućnost da te pogodi snajper ili granata). Moji prijatelji misle da za savladavanje straha imam metodu koja može pomoći da i sada živimo usvajajući pravila nove normalnosti. [...]

Far from being over - Injustice, revenge and suffering in Nagorno-Karabakh

Author(s): Bartłomiej Krzysztan / Language(s): English Issue: 01+02 (45)/2021

Almost 30 years ago, on May 9th 1992, Armenian forces captured the Azerbaijan city of Shusha after a spectacular offensive. In a world without Twitter, the narrative about liberation and escaping the Azerbaijani army spread instantly. The story of the restoration of historical justice for Armenians deprived of their ancient lands for years covered the catastrophe of thousands of Azerbaijani families forced to flee the Nagorno-Karabakh. Two years later, a ceasefire was signed in Bishkek, yet the war did not end for good.

Fakty, opinie i propaganda - Wybuch wojny domowej w Hiszpanii w 1936 r. na łamach „Robotnika”

Author(s): Ewa Pejaś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 683/2021

Lewicowa i prawicowa propaganda, zaostrzona wskutek polaryzowania się polskiej sceny politycznej w latach 30., bandyckich metod ONR oraz ścierania się bojówek nacjonalistycznych z pepeesowskimi, nie pozwalała na zdystansowanie się i próbę uczciwej oceny wydarzeń w Hiszpanii.

„LAHINGUPIDAMISE TAKTIKA“ – TŠETŠEENI SÕDALASTELT TROFEENA SAADUD INSTRUKTSIOON

Author(s): Art Johanson,Üllar Peterson / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 14/2020

Following the 1991 August coup in Moscow, the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria was declared in the territory of the former Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. However, the newly independent state was never recognized internationally, relegating it to the status of a politically secessionist area where the laws of the Russian Federation did not apply. The remaining Russian military units left the area in the summer of 1992, abandoning their armaments which were immediately seized by separatist Chechen forces. In 1994, Russia attacked the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, launching the First Chechen War (1994–1996) where the Chechens managed to inflict heavy losses on the Russian forces. Due to the influx of money and volunteers from the Islamic world, the military operations of Shamil Basayev (1965–2006), and, most importantly, due to the dilapidated state of the Russian economy and army, the Chechens were able to regain their independence by the autumn of 1996. The subsequent period of Chechnya’s independence (1996–1999) demonstrated just how poorly prepared the Chechens were for independent statehood: the central government functioned only in the capital Grozny (renamed Dzhokhar-Ghala during this period), while elsewhere the territory was ruled by recalcitrant field commanders and local chieftans. Meanwhile, the Russian army, as well as the Russian public at large, were much better prepared for the Second Chechen War which began in October 1999. By March 2000 most of Chechnya was conquered and the pro-independence forces had retreated to the mountains. By 2002 armed resistance had subsided into guerrilla warfare. By 2004 the pro-independence forces had about a thousand men whose leadership sought to maintain the vision of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. At the same time, the Kadyrov dynasty came to power in Chechnya, supported by the Russians. Surprisingly for a war-torn nation, the new leadership managed to secure popular support. Today, substantive resistance in Chechnya has come to an end. However, there are some moderate Chechen nationalists keeping alive the image of the independent Chechnya in the West, but nothing has been heard of them lately. The Chechen field manual of combat tactics, a short booklet of a mere dozen pages, seized by the Russians as a war trophy, has hereby been translated into Estonian. The document indicates that its original publisher is the National Defence Committee – an advisory body to the government of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria that was formed by the secessionist leadership in 2002 and headed by Shamil Basayev, one of the most experienced field commanders of the Chechen independence movement.

TEISE MAAILMASÕJA KAKS AJALUGU: VENEMAA TÄHISTAS 9. MAIL SUURE ISAMAASÕJA VÕIDU 75. AASTAPÄEVA

Author(s): Ants Laaneots / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 14/2020

Teine maailmasõda aastatel 1939–1945 oli 20. sajandi üks kõige traagilisemaid sündmusi, mille järelmõju on tuntav tänapäevalgi. Sõja põhjuste, käigu ja tagajärgede uurimisel on tekkinud mahukas ajalooteadus, mis sisaldab selle kui inimkonna kõige verisema sündmuse erinevaid analüüse ja kirjeldusi ning millel puudub siiani erapooletu ühine nimetaja. Inimkonnale on esitatud laias laastus kaks erinevat nägemust. Ühelt poolt demokraatliku maailma enam-vähem realistlik, dokumentaalsele alusele tuginev sõjakäsitlus, mis paneb süü sõja vallapäästmise eest kahele Euroopa totalitaarriigile: hitlerlikule Saksamaale ja stalinlikule Nõukogude Liidule, kuna neil mõlemal oli ambitsioon saada maailma või vähemalt Euroopa valitsejaks. Teiselt poolt Nõukogude Liidu ja selle nüüdisaegset jäänukit – Venemaa Föderatsiooni – kakskümmend aastat presidendina juhtinud, Vene impeeriumi taastamisest unistava KGB ohvitseri Vladimir Putini ametlik populaarne stalinistlik ajalootõlgendus, mille järgi oli NSV Liit kallaletungi ohver ja Saksamaa käitus agressorina. NSV Liidu ja hiljem Venemaa ajalootõlgenduses polnud mingit Teist maailmasõda. Vene propaganda kohaselt võeti uuesti kasutusele enam kui sajandi tagune, 1812. aastal Napoleoni sissetungil Vene impeeriumi ja rahva vastupanu hüüdlauseks olnud termin „Suur Isamaasõda“, milles NSV Liit purustas Kolmanda Reich’i ning vabastas Euroopa ja kogu maailma fašistidest. Teatavasti kinnitas Stalin selle NSV Liidu „ametliku“ Teise maailmasõja ajaloo 1946. aastal. See oli tarvitusel nõukogude ajal ja Venemaa rakendab seda hübriidsõja efektiivse relvana siiani. Moskva on järjekindlalt süüdistanud lääneriike, sh Baltimaid, ajaloo võltsimises. Infosõda viimaste vastu, keda süüdistatakse natsismis ja fašismis, on muutunud hüsteeriliseks eriti viimastel aastakümnetel Vladimir Putini ajastul, mis algas tema üllatusliku saamisega Venemaa „igaveseks“ presidendiks 2000. aasta jaanuaris.

RUSSIA’S AND IRAN’S STRATEGIC POLICIES TOWARDS THE AFGHANISTAN CRISIS

Author(s): Ghulam Faroq Keskin,Sayyad Sadri Alibabalu,Mudassir Fatah / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The war in Afghanistan began with the Soviet intervention and geopolitical developments of this crisis somehow attracted all the claiming actors of the international system. In this article, the authors have analysed the role of Russia and Iran by acknowledging the role of local causes and the other actors such as the United States, China, India, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia in complicating the Afghanistan crisis. The difference between the role of Russia and Iran and that of other countries is that the two countries are trying to drive the US out of Afghanistan. That is, although they also have secondary goals, their priority is to make Afghanistan unsafe for the United States. The authors are thus trying to answer this question: “in a long process what steps have been taken by Russia and Iran to neutralize the US in Afghanistan so far?”

Taras Kuzio, Putin’s War Against Ukraine: Revolution, Nationalism, and Crime

Author(s): Robert Orttung / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2020

Review of: Robert Orttung - Taras Kuzio, Putin’s War Against Ukraine: Revolution, Nationalism, and Crime (Toronto: Chair of Ukrainian Studies, University of Toronto, 2017), 490 pp.

NESKLAD VLASTITOG MIŠLJENJA: VASILIJE KRESTIĆ, GENOCIDOM DO VELIKE HRVATSKE

Author(s): Mato Artuković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2000

Review of: Mato Artuković - DlSCORD WITH ONE'S OWN THOUGHT: Vasilije KRESTIĆ, WITH GENOCIDE TO GREATER CROATIA, BELGRADE 1997, 157 PGS.

POVLAČENJE 1945. - KRIVCI I ŽRTVE, SVJEDOČANSTVA O PROPASTI NDH

Author(s): Hrvoje Matković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2000

Review of: Hrvoje Matković - POVLAČENJE 1945. - KRIVCI I ŽRTVE, SVJEDOČANSTVA O PROPASTI NDH, Zagreb 2000., str. 352

ANTE MILINOVIĆ UR., SRPSKI ZLOČINI NAD HRVATIMA I MUSLIMANIMA U BOSANSKOJ POSAVINI I SJEVEROZAPADNOJ BOSNI 1991.-1995

Author(s): Vladimir Geiger / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2000

Review of: Vladimir Geiger - ANTE MILINOVIĆ UR., SRPSKI ZLOČINI NAD HRVATIMA I MUSLIMANIMA U BOSANSKOJ POSAVINI I SJEVEROZAPADNOJ BOSNI 1991.-1995, Centar za istraživanje i dokumentaciju (Mostar), Centar za dokumentaciJu o Domovinskom ratu (Zagreb, Sarajevo, Mostar, Orašje), Hrvatski informativni centar (Zagreb), 1999, 504 str.