O decentriranju navijačkih identiteta: ima li romantike u navijanju?

Author(s): Ivana Gačanović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

U ovom radu ću predstaviti jednu grupu navijača Partizana (u daljem tekstu Grobari) koja svojim načinom izražavanja naklonosti ka klubu značajno odstupa od uobičajenih predstava o navijačkim subkulturama u našem društvu. U pitanju je grupa od pet do šest ljudi koji su pokrenuli Fejsbuk stranicu, a potom i fanzin Grobarski trash romantizam (u daljem tekstu GTR). Pažnja je usmerena na nekoliko aspekata koje smatram važnim za analizu ovakvog načina društvenog grupisanja – korpus identifikacionih markera koji se koristi pri stvaranju demarkacionih linija između svoje (navijači Partizana, u daljem tekstu Grobari/Partizanovci) i sebi suprotstavljenje grupe (navijači Crvene zvezde, u daljem tekstu Cigani/Zvezdaši) ali i način (delimičnog) izdvajanja iz sopstvene grupe. Takođe, važan aspekt koji se u slučaju navijačkih grupa svakako mora istaći, jeste reverzibilan proces me- đudejstva između kreiranja ličnog identiteta i navijačkih praksi.

HISTORIA W DYPLOMACJI PUBLICZNEJ

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Pojęcie dyplomacji publicznej pojawiło się w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych w latach sześćdziesiątych XX wieku. Dyplomacja publiczna zaczyna się jednak znacznie wcześniej, bo właściwie już w połowie XIX stulecia. Historia tego zjawiska pokazuje, jak zmieniały się sposoby prowadzenia polityki zagranicznej i w jaki sposób wykorzystywano w niej „miękkie” zasoby państw. Tytułowe zagadnienie prezentowanej książki poświęcone jest nie tylko rozwojowi dyplomacji publicznej, lecz także zagranicznej polityce historycznej jako jej elementowi składowemu w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, w tym także w Polsce. Autorami Historii w dyplomacji publicznej są pracownicy i współpracownicy Zakładu Komunikowania Międzynarodowego Instytutu Studiów Międzynarodowych Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego. Zakład ten, którym kieruje prof. Beata Ociepka, już od niemal piętnastu lat prowadzi badania nad dyplomacją publiczną, stając się najbardziej wyspecjalizowanym ośrodkiem w tej dziedzinie w Polsce.

DYNAMIKA SPORU.PROTESTY ROLNIKÓW W III RZECZPOSPOLITEJ

Author(s): Grzegorz Foryś / Language(s): Polish

Studium Grzegorza Forysia to pierwsza tak kompleksowa próba opisu i wyjaśnienia protestów rolników w Polsce w okresie transformacji ustrojowej. Mamy do czynienia z dziełem dojrzałym, stanowiącym ważny przyczynek do najnowszej historii społeczeństwa polskiego. Książkę należy ulokować na przecięciu kilku przynajmniej subdyscyplin socjologii: socjologii transformacji czy szerzej – zmiany społecznej, socjologii polityki, wreszcie socjologii ruchów społecznych. Jest to z całą pewnością praca, która wpisuje się w debatę nad zasadniczymi mechanizmami przeobrażeń poszczególnych kategorii społeczeństwa polskiego w procesach postkomunistycznej transformacji. z recenzji prof. dr. hab. Krzysztofa Gorlacha

Vesti iz Kulture

Author(s): Ivan Čolović / Language(s): Serbian

Fenomén lhaní v prostředí internetu

Author(s): Štěpán Konečný / Language(s): Czech

The author conceptualises his work as a contribution for clarifying the trustworthiness of virtual environment. The first part describes the theoretical background of the phenomenon of lying, not only in the context of virtual environment. The second part of the monograph takes into account such factors as motivation, influence, age, where lying on the Internet is described as perhaps the most complex. The subsequent part is focused on description of the relationship of individuals towards virtual friends and acquaintances in the context of lying and also making new romantic relationships. The last part is devoted to finding the most suitable predictors of lying on the Internet.

Understanding Policy Attitudes: Effects of Affective Source Cues on Political Reasoning

Author(s): Lenka Hrbková / Language(s): English

How do citizens form their political attitudes? How do political actors influence people’s political views in their everyday lives? Do people’s feelings towards political parties and politicians influence the public opinion? The book presents a series of laboratory experiments focused on the formation processes of citizens’ attitudes to political issues in the context of their emotional attachments to political actors. The research puts emphasis on negativity and negative feelings of citizens towards political actors and shows that this type of negative attachment influences the way people think about political issues. Since the experimental method is a newcomer in the field of Czech political science, the volume’s ambition is also to introduce experiments as a relevant and useful tool for extending knowledge of substantial political processes and phenomena.

Věrní a rozumní: Kapitoly o ekologické zpozdilosti

Author(s): Hana Librová,Vojtěch Pelikán,Lucie Galčanová,Lukáš Kala / Language(s): Czech

This book follows the successful titles The Colourful and the Green: Chapters on Voluntary Simplicity and The Half-Hearted and the Hesitant: Chapters on Ecological Luxury. The author poses the question of why, at a time of continuing devastation of nature, people’s interest in nature conservation has been decreasing. Are the media to blame, or is our numbness toward ecological problems perhaps rooted in our mental makeup that tends to supress unpleasant realities? The author also wants to find out why some people have remained faithful to nature. To get to the answers, she applies sociological, philosophical, psychological, and theological perspectives. An unexpected question then arises that may surprise some readers: Why should we actually protect nature when it can take care of itself? It is not weak – it is strong and cruel. Librová’s students Vojtěch Pelikán, Lucie Galčanová, and Lukáš Kala interview the children of “the Colourful,” too: Have they inherited their parents’ modest lifestyle? Version with Bohdan Lacina’s illustrations.

Strong local press versus weak local press in local relations. A comparative case study of two weeklies in Poland

Author(s): Sylwia Męcfal / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The local media market in Poland developed in very particular social conditions, conditions which Nowak (1979, 1981) described as a social void. As a result, it might be presumed that it was more likely that the new forms of society (including local media) were formed on the basis of the bonding type of social capital rather than the bridging type. This might be one of the reasons why tight and complex relationships between the local media and other social actors still exist. This chapter is focused upon the local press, more precisely on the relations between the local press and other local institutions and local actors. The main aim of my research was to recreate a specific local setting (Lofland, Snow, Anderson, & Lofland, 2009) and to interpret the observed links between subjects.

The public and local media journalists: an expected relationship

Author(s): Cassandre Burnier / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In a hyper-competitive media context (Charron & de Bonville, 2004), the news consumer is confronted with a wide range of media content, offers and formats. This is why audience capture and retention have become crucial issues for the success as well as survival of media companies (Demers, 2012). “Knowing one’s readers” is a recurring maxim in journalistic discourse (Montañola & Souanef, 2012) and forces the agents of news production to get better at understanding who their readers are. However, their understanding remains largely limited to audience studies and other statistics (circulation figures, online traffic data, etc.) in order to quantify and increase the audience (Anciaux, 2015). As for the sociology of the publics, publics are usually unilaterally defined from a media-centred perspective, meaning the readers for the newspapers; the viewers for the television, etc. This way of thinking “does not allow to take into account the tastes that connect the individuals to the consumption of this kind” (Figeac, 2009, p. 68). There is therefore a lack of knowledge in understanding media audience more complexly. This linear way of conceiving media practices does not allow one to analyse them from a multi-media point of view: in other words, the television researchers analyse television consumers; the press researchers analyse press readers, etc., yet the practices of the publics are multiple and often at the same time multi-dimensional.

Nisu svi (bili) slijepi

Author(s): Tomislav Jakić / Language(s): Croatian

Knjiga kolumni Tomislava Jakića sugerira istinitost činjenice pretočene u naslov: Nisu svi (bili) slijepi. Pred onim što se dešava unaokolo po svijetu i kod kuće. Nisu slijepi ni svi oni kojima se serviraju laži i neistine pored zdravih očiju ni oni koji te laži i neistine šire – novinarski. Mnogi među “kupcima ponuđenih magli” vjerojatno i slute da su istine negdje drugdje, ali teško pronalaze dokaze za ispravnost tih svojih šutljivih slutnji. Podjednako tako nije malo ni novinara koji razumijevaju da su plaćeni da bi širili neistine, ali prodavanje duše nije više ni blizu stvar profesionalne časti kao nekada, već nova realnost u cijelom svijetu. Oni među novinarima koji ne pristaju na tu realnost i znaju što se može znati, to nastoje da artikuliraju na pošten i zanatski jasan način. Takvi, iako su daleko od većine, nisu spremni na prodaju vlastitog ljudskog i profesionalnog digniteta. Oni i dalje više vjeruju vlastitim očima, činjenicama, iskustvu i pameti nego ciljanim nalozima. Nažalost, i u nekada istinski respektabilnim medijima na cijeloj planeti sve ih je manje. Uostalom, izmanipulirane “istine” odavno nisu tek namjenska piljarska laž, već prije cilj novinarstva projektiranog interesa. [...]

Extremist Communication Capabilities in North Africa and the Sahel

Author(s): Andreea Stoian Karadeli / Language(s): English

The complex nature of the threat of terrorism caused by groups active in North Africa and the Sahel requires effective information to prevent, detect, and eventually investigate all criminal activities related to their areas of interest. In the Maghreb-Sahel region, more than in any other place, the boundary between the two main Salafi-jihadi groups – al-Qaeda and ISIS – is porous at best and non-existent at worst. While borders between these Salafist religious spheres can be hard to define, they are tangled with contextual and interest-based factors, thereby transforming the regional jihadi ecosystem into a challenging mosaic. The main aim of this research is to map the communication capabilities of terrorist groups in North Africa and the Sahel, taking into consideration the local context as well as to identify and categorise the specific means used to disseminate propaganda in each country / region by contextualising the material produced in / for / about African Jihadism by both al-Qaeda and ISIS groups. Bearing in mind that terrorism functions as a communicative act, the groups’ multilevel communication capabilities are a core element of the jihadi phenomenon in North Africa and the Sahel.

Russia’s Activities in Africa’s Information Environment. Case Studies: Mali and Central African Republic

Author(s): Karel Svoboda,Paula-Charlotte Matlach,Zack Baddorf / Language(s): English

This paper focuses on Russia’s strategies in Africa. The first ever Russia-Africa summit, co-hosted in October 2019 by Russian President Vladimir Putin and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi in Sochi, was presented by both Russian and international media as a milestone in Russia’s return to the African continent. Leaders and delegations of the vast majority of African states met with Russian President Vladimir Putin, Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, and other Russian representatives to discuss possible projects of cooperation between their respective countries. The summit ranked among the largest of recent Africa-partner summits (EU-Africa, China-Africa, US-Africa, and Japan-Africa). For example, Russia was able to welcome more state delegations than the US at their summit. The declared initiatives of cooperation appeared impressive, ranging from nuclear energy, oil and gas, to automobile production and financial loans for various fields. This meeting sparked numerous claims by both Western and Russian media that Russia is a key player in the region. There are plans for organizing another summit in 2022.

Fact-checking and Debunking. A Best Practice Guide to Dealing with Disinformation

Author(s): James Pamment,Anneli Kimber Lindwall / Language(s): English

Misinformation and disinformation disseminated online are a relatively recent phenomena, as are initiatives developed to limit the effect of such content. Questions remain over the effectiveness of two key counter-measures, fact-checking and debunking. This report makes a start in examining best practice: what it is, who does it and how it might be evaluated. Today’s information environment is increasingly characterised by the spread of misinformation and disinformation. Misinformation refers to verifiably false information that is spread without any intent to mislead. Disinformation refers to the creation, presentation and dissemination of verifiably false information for economic gain or to intentionally deceive the public. Whether it be published in a news article or an online blog, broadcast from a newsroom or government press conference, misleading and false information is frequently produced and reproduced, both intentionally and unintentionally.

Abuse of Power: Coordinated Online Harassment of Finnish Government Ministers

Author(s): Kristina Van Sant,Rolf Fredheim,Gundars Bergmanis-Korats / Language(s): English

This report is an explorative analysis of abusive messages targeting Finnish ministers on the social media platform Twitter. The purpose of this study is to understand the scope of politically motivated abusive language on Finnish Twitter, and to determine if, and to what extent, it is perpetrated by inauthentic accounts. To this end, we developed a mixed methodology, combining AI-driven quantitative visualisations of the networks delivering messages of abuse with a qualitative analysis of the messages in order to understand the themes and triggers of abusive activity. We collected Twitter data between 12 March and 27 July 2020, a period spanning the state of emergency declared in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This report is informed by the findings of three recent Finnish studies, one of which investigated the extent and effects of online hate speech against politicians while the other two studied the use of bots to influence political discourse during the 2019 Finnish parliamentary elections.

Falsification of History as a Tool of Influence

Author(s): / Language(s): English

This study deals with the growing trend of Russia’s use of historical propaganda to further its foreign policy goals. It contains chapters written by experts in the field in the respective countries of Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Poland. The methodological aspects of the project were discussed in detail during a seminar in Riga on 11 December 2018. It was agreed that, for the integrity of the compendium, at least the central theme should be commonly understood as Jowett and O’Donnell conceptualise it: propaganda is a deliberate and systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behaviour to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist. Its systematic nature requires the longitudinal study of its progress. Because the essence of propaganda is its deliberateness of purpose, considerable investigation is required to find out what this purpose is.

Conclusions and Recommendations

Author(s): Ivo Juurvee / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As the previous chapters showed, Russia’s abuse of history to back its current policies is not something present in only one country, but is taking place in numerous countries in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond. This is not a new phenomenon, although lately, there has been more emphasis put on its research. Since changing public perceptions takes time, we may not notice dangerous trends until they have already taken hold, thereby delaying the start of possible countermeasures. The authors have each made recommendations at the end of their respective chapters and these are summarised here.

Hostile Narratives and Their Impact: The Case of Latvia

Author(s): Māris Cepurītis,Austris Keišs / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Narrative often is compared to a story. But authors of NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence distinguish in their publication ‘Improving NATO Strategic Communications Terminology’ between a story and a narrative, defining story as ‘a temporally, spatially, and casually connected sequence of events’ and a narrative as ‘morals drawn from stories’. Consequently, stories are a way how narrative is communicated and shared between individuals. It is formed and maintained in human memory. In social and political context, narrative can be described as a framework that allows humans to connect apparently unconnected phenomena around some causal transformation.

Homo cooperativus

Author(s): Alina Landowska / Language(s): Polish

Książka Homo cooperativus to ambitna monografia naukowa, która naświetla problematykę kooperacji międzyludzkiej w ujęciach socjologicznych, antropologicznych, organizacyjnych, psychologicznych, ale także filozoficznych i ekonomicznych. Praca jest erudycyjna i swobodnie korzysta z dorobku współczesnej literatury, bez zbędnych popisów bibliograficznych, za to z umiejętnym skonfrontowaniem różnych dzieł. To pozycja wartościowa naukowo, solidnie opracowana i wypełniająca istotną lukę w polskiej literaturze z obszaru nauk społecznych. prof. Dariusz Jemielniak

Aktivizam u ženskom pokretu u Bosni i Hercegovini ‒ Izazovi, iskoraci i društvene promene

Author(s): Zlatiborka Popov-Momčinović / Language(s): Serbian

Do potrebe za novom studijom o aktivizmu u ženskom pokretu u BiH došlo je iz nekoliko razloga. Od objavljivanja knjige Ženski pokret u Bosni i Hercegovini – artikulacija jedne kontrakulture prošlo je deset godina, te je u tom smislu prepoznata potreba da se da svojevrsni hommage ženskom aktivizmu u civilnom društvu. Aktivistkinje prepoznaju da je važno da se njihova iskustva beleže i stalno invociraju s obzirom na to da ih dominantne politike potiskuju ili nekad pokušavaju i zarobiti i zloupotrebiti. U svom aktivističkom delanju i one same često zaboravljaju na sebe te ih, kako je navela jedna aktivistkinja, „istorija guta“, i na kraju imamo samo muškarce. Iskustvo muškaraca nastoji se prikazati kao univerzalno i, navodno, rodno neutralno, i kroz ovaj heteronormativni pristup potiskuju se ženska iskustva ili se pak smeštaju na margine i u fusnote društveno-političkog života. Često sam i u ličnim susretima sa aktivistkinjama i u različitim prilikama čula pitanje kada ćemo imati „novi pokret“, što ne tumačim kao nastanak radikalno drugačije studije, već nove i bar delom drugačije.

Ženski pokret u Bosni i Hercegovini: Artikulacija jedne kontrakulture

Author(s): Zlatiborka Popov-Momčinović / Language(s): Bosnian

Rukopis „Ženski pokret u Bosni i Hercegovini: artikulacija jedne kontrakulture“ bavi se fenomenom ženskog pokreta kao izuzetno značajnim akterom civilnog društva. Kako autorica objašnjava u uvodnom poglavlju, društveni pokreti izrazito su važna pokretačka snaga svakog civilnog društva, pa i društva općenito, a ženski pokret (i generalno, pozicija žene u društvenim pokretima, civilnom društvu i društvenom i političkom diskursu) neizostavan je pri razmatranju društvenog razvoja u svim njegovim dimenzijama…