Zabezpieczenie konferencji, imprez, uroczystości i innych wydarzeń, w tym w kontekście zagrożeń o charakterze terrorystycznym. Perspektywa ustawowa

Author(s): Mariusz Cichomski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (3)/2023

In the current legal status, during the organisation in Poland of conferences, events, ceremonies or other events, significant due to their scale or rank, especially those of international character, security activities are carried out on the basis of general provisions - primarily pragmatic acts of services and other institutions carrying out these activities or episodic acts. Polish legislation, however, has not introduced regulations permanently defining detailed principles of conduct and the subject and object scope of responsibility for the preparation and security of such events, unless they are qualified as mass events. This article is an attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the specific legal instruments used in the case of securing this type of events. Based on the analysis carried out, de lege ferenda conclusions have been formulated, including the introduction of a new legal institution permanently into the Polish legal order, referred to for the purposes of this article as a ‘special event’. As a result of granting a given event or celebration the status of a special event, it would be possible to apply legal instruments hitherto found only in episodic acts, but which are of significant importance from the perspective of ensuring a security standard adequate to the threat.

Securing conferences, events, ceremonies and other events, including in the context of terrorist threats. A statutory perspective

Author(s): Mariusz Cichomski / Language(s): English Issue: 3 (3)/2023

In the current legal status, during the organisation in Poland of conferences, events, ceremonies or other events, significant due to their scale or rank, especially those of international character, security activities are carried out on the basis of general provisions - primarily pragmatic acts of services and other institutions carrying out these activities or episodic acts. Polish legislation, however, has not introduced regulations permanently defining detailed principles of conduct and the subject and object scope of responsibility for the preparation and security of such events, unless they are qualified as mass events. This article is an attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the specific legal instruments used in the case of securing this type of events. Based on the analysis carried out, de lege ferenda conclusions have been formulated, including the introduction of a new legal institution permanently into the Polish legal order, referred to for the purposes of this article as a ‘special event’. As a result of granting a given event or celebration the status of a special event, it would be possible to apply legal instruments hitherto found only in episodic acts, but which are of significant importance from the perspective of ensuring a security standard adequate to the threat.

Образите на съюзника и врага за българския войник по време на Първата световна война

Author(s): Zhivko Lefterov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Bulgarian society’s efforts to achieve national unification culminated in the Bulgarian Kingdom joining the First World War in 1915 on the side of the Central Powers. In 1917, the military and political leaders of the country began to pay special attention to the Bulgarian army’s spirit and morale which influenced its resilience and willingness to fight the enemy for a prolonged period of time. For this reason, a Guidance was drafted on collecting specific data and information that played a decisive role in forming the army’s attitude. On the basis of this guidance, hundreds of reports and information from all parts of the army were submitted to the Headquarters of the Active Army. The article is devoted to a specific aspect of the content of this massive documentation, namely the information collected on the impressions and opinions of Bulgarian soldiers about the other people participating in the war – allies and enemies. Based on that, the „notion of the other“ – the result of both pre-war stereotypes and first-hand experience and observation – can be distinguished in a relatively clear manner. The dynamics in attitudes related to specific military and political events and their impact on the shaping of this image can also be distinguished and traced. The Bulgarian soldier outlined a number of positive and negative character traits in his allies and enemies. Available evidence reveal an indisputable link between the army’s spirit and the image of the ally and the enemy.

Russia and the West as a conceptual opposition in terms of Russian mentality

Author(s): Alexander A. Lvov / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2023

The conceptual framework for the discussion the paper introduces is the idea of Russian messianism, which appeared in each period of Russian history, as well as the following characteristic of Russian mentality: the concepts and ideas, which appeared within the domains of social and legal in the West, were interpreted in spiritual and moral context in Russia. The paper traces the development of two aspects of how the conceptual opposition of Russia to the “collective West” was formed. The first aspect is connected with the cultural opposition of Russia to the Western countries in terms of spiritual heredity of the West. The aspect concerns the conceptualization of “the West” as an embodiment of a competitor of Russia in the modifications of the “big project”.

NIEWIDOCZNA KULTURA O ZNACZENIU I WARTOŚCI PODEJŚCIA KULTUROWEGO W PSYCHIATRII

Author(s): Magdalena Szpunar / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

Among the main problems faced by psychiatry is the tendency to reduce patients to their biology by disregarding the cultural and social contexts in which they function. The followers of anti-psychiatry movement point out that mental dysfunctions are rooted in the existential context of an individual rather than in the structure of the human organism. Such an approach to pathogenic mechanisms makes it possible to reduce the authoritarian attitude inherent in the role played by the psychiatrist. Comprehensive care for the mentally ill requires, above all, an in-depth understanding of the patients’ sociological and psychological context as well as respect for their dignity, regardless of their mental health problems. Their experience of the pathological condition also needs consideration. Important achievements of anti-psychiatry include a revision of the categories of health and disease, a recognition of the vague character of such a classifi cation, combined with the understanding of health and disease as conditions in-between the physical and the mental, a rejection of biological reductionism, and a change in the perception of mental disorders and in the approach to medication as the dominant treatment method.

NIEBEZPIECZEŃSTWA ZAPOŻYCZEŃ DALEKOWSCHODNICH W KULTURZE MASOWEJ ZACHODU

Author(s): Andrzej Korczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The author claims that the contemporary crisis of the humanities, which, in his view, is rooted in a reductionist vision of the world, has generated in the West a widespread interest in Eastern mysticism. He also points to the fact that Far Eastern infl uences are transformed so as to appeal to a Western mass audience and, as a shallow pseudo-mysticism, exert a harmful effect on mental health.

„Oto znika jednostka, zatraca się i budzi całość, wielkość i potęga”… (O pieśniach polskich Sokołów przed odzyskaniem niepodległości)

Author(s): Magdalena Piotrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2018

The article is an attempt at analysing ‘Falcon’ hymns dated to the period before 1918. Some research difficulties (lack of research papers, chronological expansiveness, or mass culture affiliation) have been pointed out. Not only the role of a song-book is highlighted (in its numerous editions), but also other forms of those publications (i.e. in the Gymnastic Handbook ”Falcon”), as well as the activity of impressive music societies in that period. Questions are asked about: the role and aim of those hymns; connections with the ideology of the Gymnastic Society ‘Falcon’; connections with national hymns, or the type of affiliation. The author mentions numerous examples of hyms, which have been present in Polish music tradition ever since.

MECHANISMS OF GENERATING EMOTIONS IN THE POLISH AND GERMAN PRESS

Author(s): Olga Białek-Szwed / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The aim of the article is to try to show the mechanisms of generating emotions that appeared in press publications in Poland and in Germany in the period from March to November 2020, during the coronavirus pandemic. The article refers to media studies and linguistics. It tries to show the mechanisms of generating emotions in the Polish press. It was noted that fear was the dominant emotion in the described period. The main channels for distributing emotions were text and photos, lexis and visualization. By analysing numerous and diverse press articles in both Polish and German press, this study guarantees a broad and comprehensive perspective of research on the mechanisms of generating emotions in the press determined by the subject of the pandemic.

PSYCHOLOGICAL DAMAGE TO MEDICAL STAFF DUE TO SARS - COV-2 VIRUS

Author(s): Heidrun Adumitrachioaiei,Alina – Costina Luca / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Based on the evidence showing the psychological impairment of medical staff in pandemic periods is useful to introduce large-scale support programs and psychological education of medical staff. These measures, adapted to age and sex, can help increase the quality of work in the health fields and can also prevent medical leave for employees due to psychiatric pathologies caused by poorly managed stress and burnout.

The Impact of Excessive Workload on Job Performance of Healthcare Workers during Pandemic: A Conceptual Mediation - Moderation Model

Author(s): Saswat Barpanda,Greeshma Saraswathy / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The paper conceptualises a mediation-moderation model of burnout, coping styles and personality traits to explain the impact of excessive workload on job performance of healthcare workers. The authors used an extensive literature review to conceptualise the above model. The model emerged with a theoretical causal relationship of the impact of excessive workload on job performance and how burnout, coping style and personality intervene in this relationship. It concluded with the propositions of a conceptualised moderated mediation. The paper adds value in terms of policy implications that have been clearly articulated, keeping in mind the relevance of the work in the context of pandemics.

Uncovering People Centred Design in the Context of Curriculum and Learning Design in Higher Education

Author(s): / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Gra jako narzędzie rozwijania kompetencji międzykulturowych na przykładzie projektu Culture Crossover

Author(s): Hanna Rugała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

In today’s world of rapid socio-cultural changes, which also include increased migration movements and the formation of culturally diverse societies, there is a need to implement methods and tools of educational work for the formation of attitudes of tolerance in multicultural communities. One of the effective educational tools used in intercultural education can be game. One of the most valuable types of games in this area are those that allow learning about cultures and the cultural differences resulting from them, referring not only to observable behaviour, but also to the hierarchy of values that form the core of the identity of a given social group – national, ethnic or religious one. The article is devoted to the presentation of an educational game created as part of the international Culture Crossover project. The theoretical and methodological assumptions of the game refer to Milton Benett’s DMIS and Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. The educational goal is to increase cultural awareness and develop empathy towards culturally different people by taking into account various elements of intercultural learning – from information about a particular culture, through knowledge of cultural norms and the ability to adopt local perspectives to critical understanding of the worldviews of other cultures.

Wartości w medialnym dyskursie o covidzie

Author(s): Laura Polkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

The text constitutes an attempt to reconstruct values referred to in the media discourse on COVID-19. The research covered four Internet portals (wyborcza.pl, onet.pl, wpolityce.pl and niezalezna.pl) and two periods (the end of March 2020 and the end of February 2021). An automatic quantitative analysis of the text corpora created for the purpose of the study was extended to include a detailed contextual analysis. As a result, eight frequency lists were created, containing the most commonly used names referring to values. i.e. axiological lexemes. They are presented in detail later in the article. Particular attention was paid to the specific discursive profiling of some axiological lexemes and to fixed phrases that contain references to values.

Research on the Competence of Future Coaches to Deal with Harassment and Aggression amongst Children during Sports Training

Author(s): Milena Kuleva,Ina Vladova / Language(s): English Issue: 5s/2023

Bullying and aggressive behavior among children are a serious problem in our society. This study aims to investigate to what extent future sports pedagogues – and sports coaches – are prepared to recognize and respond to bullying among children aged 7 – 10. One hundred eighty full-time undergraduate university students voluntarily participated in the empirical study. The students were in their second year of undergraduate programs, preparing future coaches with different sports profiles. A questionnaire with study cases was developed and distributed for the students to complete. The questions were designed to explore students’ knowledge regarding the application of punishment in education and the skills formed to prevent and intervene in bullying among sporting children. The surveyed students were “more sparing” regarding the possible use of harsher punishments, such as removal from play/practice, and the widespread use (in sports contexts) of punishment through individual and additional exercise. The surveyed students demonstrated good knowledge and competence in applying punishment as an educational method in cases of bullying and aggression among children and preferred intervention measures to be more positive. It can be summarized that second-year students have the attitude to carry out educational influences on sporting children and do not entirely rely on parents’ assistance and support in education.

VR, NFT, Metaverse... How Digital Innovations Affect the Development of Marketing and PR Communications

Author(s): Dmytro Olegovich Oltarzhevskyi,Olga Oltarzhevska / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2023

This study aims to determine innovative global trends in communications and their impact on the development of the marketing and PR industry. For this, we applied trend analysis, one of the modern forecasting methods, which is based on the examination of secondary sources and news publications and allows the identification of weak information signals from various markets based on the mention of digital innovations. Innovative tools guide companies to construct a new reality for stakeholders, improve interaction methods with stakeholders, and form their favorable corporate image and brand positioning. We identified six trends that will impact the development of communications in the coming decades: machine learning; big data; virtual reality technologies; digital gamification; blockchain and NFT; migration to the metaverse. We concluded that these digital innovations would enrich the promotion toolkit, form a new socio-communication dimension, and produce a creative and meaningful context. In particular, we conclude that VR technologies will encourage further penetration of advertising and PR into the field of integrated virtual communications. Gamification will become more and more deeply rooted in all areas of marketing and PR activities, diversify interaction with stakeholders, and increase its effectiveness thanks to novelty, emotionality, and user involvement. Finally, NFT will become a symbol of innovation from the image perspective and a thematic platform for stakeholder communications. The article also outlines the features of marketing and PR in the metaverse.

A Case Study of the Consequences of Political Participation on Communities: North and South Cyprus Sample

Author(s): Tijen ZEYBEK,Ayşe Gözde KARAATMACA / Language(s): English Issue: 83/2023

As is known, the Cyprus Peace Negotiation have been continuing for more than fifty years. For more than forty years, people in Cyprus have been spending a conflict-free and peaceful life. In this study, the fifty-year process of Cyprus Peace Negotiation will be summarized and explained at large within the framework of public policy analysis, analysis phases, policy preparation/implementation methods and the role of institutions in the process. The voting of the 2004 Annan Plan between the Turkish Cypriots and the Greek Cypriots during this process and the effect of the voting outcome on the negotiation process will be discussed. With the opening of the border gates that provided controlled passage to northern and southern Cyprus shortly before the Annan Plan was put to a vote, the effects of the new conditions created by the collective and free contact of two populations on the negotiation process and the future apprehension of Turkish Cypriots will be analysed. Since the study involved theoretical approaches, indirect research method was adopted as a method and domestic and foreign sources were scanned within this framework. In parallel with this method, content analysis technique was used. According to the findings, such multilateral conflicts Generals and 22 UN Special Representative behind, there is the danger of the means to turn into a goal. This possibility should not be ignored and the content of the talks and the subject of negotiation in question must be preoccupied on. It is also cumbersome to maintain the peace and the human duty to endure this hardship. It is only possible to conclude the negotiations by agreeing on the acceptance and ingestion of these facts, and perhaps by agreeing on a number of boundary regulations and similar requirements. This means that all parties agree that the actual situation is the best solution.

ЛІНГВІСТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ РЕКЛАМИ ЯК ВИДУ МАСОВОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ

Author(s): Oksana Buhaiova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2023

The purpose of the study is to outline the factors, based on the analysis of Ukrainian-language social advertising texts, the consideration of which will contribute to increasing the impact of social advertising on the audience. The research methodology is based on the use of a functional method, which made it possible to outline the importance of social advertising in ensuring the stable development of civil society; methods of analysis and synthesis – in order to identify the role of speech media in socio-advertising communication; the generalisation method – in order to record the general features of social advertising texts and, based on them, to determine the lexical-semantic and stylistic techniques that exert the influence predicted by the advertiser on the audience. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that it highlights and argues the speech components that affect the effectiveness of social advertising as a tool that allows you to direct the attention of society to important problems and adjust its actions in solving them. Conclusions. Social advertising as an important component of mass communication requires its own approach (different from other types of advertising) to the structuring of texts, which is due to its pragmatic goal – to form public opinion on various issues relevant to society. It is important to form the texts of social advertising in accordance with the linguistic mentality of the recipients, their psycho-emotional experience and expectations. The objects for the pragmatic influence of social advertising texts are primarily the subconscious states of a person, their deep needs, the change of which becomes a driving force for actions – conscious reactions. Reference to the opinion of an authoritative person; tolerant coverage of discussed topics; brevity, capacity, and comprehensibility of the text of the appeal; appropriate use of the lexical-grammatical and stylistic arsenal of the language: parts of speech and their forms, thematically marked, related lexemes, synonyms, antonyms, as well as metaphors, comparisons, repetitions, wordplay – taking into account these aspects when structuring social advertising texts will contribute to the optimisation of this type of mass communication, increasing its effectiveness.

Islam i muslimani u Bosni i Hercegovini kao objekat antiislamske propagande

Author(s): Sabahudin Šarić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 94/95/2023

In the years leading up to and during the aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina, what is now manifested in the West as Islamophobia was, at that time through Orientalism, one of the key elements of the Greater Serbian ideology directed against Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnian Muslims, both then and now, have not properly valorized and consequently have not adequately addressed these ideological constructs about them. In their political immaturity, they failed to understand that the creators of the Greater Serbian ideology had a keen understanding of Western perceptions of Muslims and extensively utilized them first in their propaganda against Muslims, and then in justifying their crimes against them. Today, similarly, destructive ideologies aimed at Bosnia and Herzegovina from neighboring regions, particularly those elements related to propaganda against Islam and Muslims, correspond to the increasingly prevalent Islamophobia in the discourse of European far-right extremism and neo-fascism, as well as the promoted perceptions of Islam and Muslims in the West, sometimes serving as their precursor and inspiration. In this paper, we intend to provide examples of this ideological alignment regarding Islam and Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina between the Greater Serbian ideologies directed against Bosnia and Herzegovina and certain perceptions of Islam and Muslims in Europe.

“But then the war started”: The value of diversity in editorial practices during times of war and crisis

Author(s): Greta Gober,Anna Jupowicz-Ginalska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

In this article, we analyse the impact of disruptive media events on the perceived value of diversity in editorial practices, with a specific focus on the Polish media debate following the onset of the Russian-Ukrainian war in February 2022. We do this based on a unique dataset derived from in-depth interviews with eight editors representing four different newsrooms conducted before, immediately after, and approximately one year after the start of the war. Our research answers the question of whether newsrooms can defend the value of diversity during the coverage of war and crisis. We also assess the impact of the changed geopolitical context, characterised by nation-building mobilisation and public sentiments of solidarity with Ukrainians, on editorial decisions to mute, delay, or opt out of publishing certain stories. We contribute to research on the epistemologies of journalistic news production during times of crisis, news diversity, and the role of the media in democratic societies.

The spread of Russian disinformation within the Ukrainian information field

Author(s): Nataliia Voitovych,Liliya Imbirovska-Syvakivska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The objective of this study is to identify and analyse the methods of disinformation utilized by Russia to disseminate information in the Ukrainian information field. The main tasks include defining the concept of disinformation and explaining its societal dangers, characterising InformationPsychological Operations (IPSO) as a component of Russia’s disinformation campaign against Ukraine and investigating the most prevalent elements utilised by Russia in the dissemination of disinformation. This study is aimed at the synthesis and combination of methods of monitoring, content analysis, and comparative analysis. The article selects publications that exhibit disinformation targeted at Ukrain- ian society. Disinformation propagated by Russia is subsequently refuted by either foreign or Ukrainian publications, including the “NotaEnota” organisa- tion. The study reveals that Russian disinformation aims to propagate spe- cific narratives and manipulate mass consciousness. Disinformation involves intentionally creating misleading and manipulative content, often in the form of artificially created fakes. The information field of Ukraine has become the primary battleground for Russia’s hybrid warfare tactics, which include disinformation, propaganda, and fakes. To effectively counter these tactics, society needs to develop critical thinking skills and media literacy to discern and evaluate information critically. Future research aims to delve deeper into the methods employed in creating disinformation, their objectives, and potential strategies to prevent or counteract their influence.