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Roviny politizace ve výzkumu hudebních subkultur mládeže

Author(s): Bob Kuřík,Ondřej Slačálek,Jan Charvát / Language(s): Czech Issue: 05/2018

This review article elucidates and systematises existing research and theories of the de/politicisation of youth music subcultures. It examines the political dimension within the interdisciplinary field of subcultural studies in two main steps. First, it identifies and discusses five key dimensions of researching politicisation: politicisation through style and how style is read and through repressive power, the politicisation of everyday life and internal dynamics, and politicisation in the direction of organised activity. Second, these dimensions are presented and compared in a summarising table from two main perspectives: according to the research focus and according to the dynamics of de/politicisation being observed. The article also briefly outlines several possible directions of future research on the politicisation of youth music subcultures.

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Conspiratorial Rationality

Author(s): Ott Puumeister / Language(s): English Issue: 2-4/2020

Review of Strategic Conspiracy Narratives: A Semiotic Approach [Series Conspiracy Theories; Knight, Peter; Butter, Michael, series eds.] by Mari-Liis Madisson and Andreas Ventsel. London: Routledge, 2020, x+134 pp.

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The Gendered Iconography of the Belarus Protest

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The Gendered Iconography of the Belarus Protest

Author(s): Elizaveta Gaufman / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Those familiar with Soviet posters might have seen the heart-wrenching ‘‘Red Army soldier, save!’’ artwork from the Great Patriotic War that features a woman holding her child huddled in fear of the bayonet with the Nazi insignia on it. The damsel in distress trope is not unique to the Post-Soviet space: iconography of any political turmoil in the world would offer one. But what happens when the damsel is in distress but she does not need a male to rescue her? Or even more so, when she is actively fighting against the male in power? Does she have to bare her chest as the Liberty on the French barricades or wield a sword like the statue in Volgograd? This is the iconographic challenge that the protests in Belarus were faced with: apart from the confrontation between a large part of the population against an authoritarian leader, the conflict had also clear gendered lines: a leader striving to project hypermasculinity (at least, at the beginning) versus a female-led protest. How does this gender divide translate into the visual iconography of the protest?

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Why Trusting Nigeria Centre for Disease Control Information Is Difficult: A Study of The Awareness, Knowledge and Perceptions of Nigerians Hesitant Towards COVID-19 Management by NCDC in Nigeria

Author(s): Mohammed Abdullateef,Beatrice Okonkwo / Language(s): English Issue: 05/2021

As the world battles the novel Coronavirus pandemic ravaging lives and destroying economies, many nations have entrusted the detection, handling and management of confirmed coronavirus cases to their leading public health institutions. For Nigeria, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), charged with the said responsibility, faces a worrisome myriad of backlash from citizens' who regard their daily update of confirmed cases as misleading. In this survey, the researchers purposively study this category of sceptic individuals to understand their level of awareness of the virus and their perceptions about the government agency, to determine the factors responsible for the lack of confidence in the reportage, and how their confidence level may be boosted. The study adopted a mixed-method to recruit some 425 respondents that fit the profile of 'those who lack confidence in the NCDC daily reports'. Findings revealed that even the aware, educated, and high-income Nigerians equally constitute those with misperceptions and scepticism about the NCDC. Key reasons for the distrust include inconsistent reporting, secrecy about patients' database, and perceived corruption tendencies. Recommendations based on the findings call for increased openness and access to compelling information about activities to curtail the infection, especially transparency in treatment and budget spending.

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Masy i władza. Refleksje wokół filozofi i społecznej José Ortegi y Gasseta

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Masy i władza. Refleksje wokół filozofi i społecznej José Ortegi y Gasseta

Author(s): Krzysztof Polit / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2020

The author attempts to answer the question about the validity of the views of José Ortega y Gasset regarding his criticism of egalitarianism and the democratic system. The article concludes with the thesis that the lack of reference points observable in an egalitarian, democratic society triggers the disturbing phenomenon of the disappearance of the elites with a simultaneous expansion of the categories of quantity and utility. A natural consequence of this phenomenon is disappearance of the qualitative perception of the world and an increasing dominance of economic values. Anything that goes beyond the concrete and, as such, cannot be measured, becomes insignificant. The tendencies in question reflect the idea that the human being is capable of existing in a one-dimensional, horizontal world of quantity. However, an analysis of Ortega y Gasset’s views suggests that such an assumption must be deemed as false, since a human life, being necessarily open and unpredictable, needs to be based on a certain hierarchy of values derived from tradition. The values in question are conveyed by the spiritual social elites of the society. Since it is the elites that lead society, their disappearance in the process of massification will cause widespread chaos.

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Bosna i Hercegovina – Država ili bauk pravne države

Author(s): Duško Vejnović,Vladimir Stojanović,Boris Trivanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 20/2020

In Bosnia and Herzegovina (furthermore: B&H), as a state with a complex state organization, the opposing and particular national and social interests that exclude unity and social compromise are dominant. Such a state of society is significantly contributed by political parties in B&H, whose activities do not lead to a change in social conditions, but are exclusively aimed at struggle for votes and gaining power in order to achieve their own particular interests. If “parity democracy”, which is a distinctive feature of the political system in B&H as a specific form of pluralistic democracy in which the focus is on the group and not on the individual citizen, is applied as the only form of democracy in a society and state, then there is a real danger that individuals and the narrow groups usurp power and figure as the only “protectors” of the national interest, which is significantly influenced by the deficit of democratic tradition and the low level of education of the population in B&H. Consequence of the parity principle of decision-making in institutions of B&H is that national sovereignty is placed above people’s sovereignty, i.e. it leads to strengthening the power of national elites, therefore it is necessary to establish an appropriate balance between parity decision-making and majority decision-making in a manner that protects the rational functioning of the system, but at the same time eliminates any possibility of majorization. Establishing such a balance is significantly hampered by national and religious divisions, which are very pronounced in B&H, and the presence of such political and cultural divisions is an obstacle to the creation and functioning of civil society. One of the dominant factors slowing down the integration processes in B&H is the populist model of public policy, which implies a change of government institutions through democratic elections, and the removal of all institutional democratic restrictions on their rule after gaining power on the basis of “democratic electoral legitimacy”. B&H needs a high degree of political socialization in order to build unity and common goals, and to promote integration processes.

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Bosnia and Herzegovina – State, or a Specter for Shady Business

Author(s): Duško Vejnović,Vladimir Stojanović,Boris Trivanović / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2020

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Imunizacijska paradigma kulture. Pitanje porijekla, prirode i suštine kulture

Author(s): Nemanja Đukić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 19/2020

In the article that follows, we phenomenologically analyze the immunization nature, origin, and essence of the culture. In the introductory part of the article, we analyze the trauma of birth and the psychological mechanism of consciousness, showing that the immunization character of culture is a function of the immunization character of consciousness. In the first part of the article, we analyze the intentional character of consciousness to explain the intentional character of culture. In the second part of the article, we give a brief overview of the Sloterdijk immunization paradigm. In the third part of the article, we analyze the immunization function of the culture. Finally, the concluding part of the article points out the theoretical significance of the immunization paradigm of culture.

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The Rabbles, the Peoples and the Crowds: a Lexical Study

Author(s): Barbara Brzezicka / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2020

The rabble, considered as a possible threat to the rule of law or as a group unworthy of civil rights, is a concept present in many languages, yet every word conveys a slightly different meaning, The article is an attempt to present the conceptual plurality of the rabble, in a way inspired by Cassin’s Dictionary of Untranslatables. The term which may be considered as a starting point is Polish motłoch, which can be translated both as ‘rabble’ and as ‘mob’. The content is organized according to some semantic patterns that can be observed in various languages and that can be used for further philosophical analysis. The article is neither an exhaustive presentation of the semantic variety related to the term motłoch, nor a philosophical analysis of social exclusion, but rather an attempt to show the plurality of meanings across languages and how it may affect and inspire philosophical inquiry.

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Gleaning on the Shores of Politics. Commoning as the New Philosophy of Praxis

Author(s): Łukasz Moll / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2020

The article joins the recent discussion, led by theorists of the commons, on the meaning of “commoning”. It proposes to recognize as the main feature of the practice of commoning the capacity to reproduce the autonomy of plebeian life- -worlds that could possibly lead to a post-capitalist future. The identification of commoning as the activity of marginal subjectivities is presented here with the example of gleaning. This traditional activity of the poor is re-examined in the article as an ambiguous practice that escapes the binaries of activity and passivity, positivity and negativity, production and reproduction. Gleaning, with its reproductive capacities, serves as a model for commoning, understood as the new philosophy of praxis, which is much needed in the times of ecological catastrophe and the broken connection between labour and care. The history of struggles around gleaning and the commons, and the figures of the poor female harvester (glaneuse) and urban ragpicker (chiffonier) are recalled in the article in order to recognize the much devaluated potential of commoning to interrupt the history of blind productivism and, together with reclaiming the commons, to also reclaim our future.

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„Oj skończy się nam, skończy nasze mordowanie”. Ludowe pieśni antyfeudalne, Ściegienny, Szela i możliwy wpływ chłopskiej teologii emancypacyjnej na rabację galicyjską

Author(s): Kasper Pfeifer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2019

Using methodologies that accentuate the narrative and discursive contexts of history, the author analyzes oral literature accompanying the Galician Slaughter led by Jakub Szela (1846) and the revolutionary movement organized in the Congress of Poland by Piotr Ściegienny (1842-1844). The main thesis of this article asserts that both of these anti-feudal movements were interrelated in their theories and practices, and that Piotr Sciegienny’s theology of liberation was their common source. Support for my hypothesis can be found in rebellious folk songs lyrics which have survived to this day. Reconstructing the links between the starting points of peasant engagement in both revolutionary movements, the author compares the textual content of rebel songs from the time of the Galician Slaughter to Piotr Sciegienny’s political works. The parallels that can be found between his writings and both the Galician songs and those of Sciegienny’s own peasant movement lead me to conclude that the practice of the peasant revolutionary movement of the Galician Slaughter was deeply rooted in the theory of Piotr Sciegienny and to perceive in Jakub Szela’s actions his overarching aim – the overthrowing of the Galicia’s feudal system.

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Social Media, Political Propaganda and Herding: A Case Study of Vietnam in the Coronavirus Crisis

Author(s): Thuy Nhung Tran / Language(s): English Issue: 28 (2)/2021

The new strain of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has brought serious psychosocial effects to people all over the world, especially in countries where outbreaks have occurred, where information is already overloaded, led to a crisis in people's economic behavior. The paper examines the role of social media as a platform for political propaganda and its effect on the psychology of the crowd. Social media users are expected to increase the effectiveness of the Government's propaganda in these social media and will also promote unified individual opinion following the herd's trends in society. The statistical sample of the study was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam, with a population of more than 10 million people. The results describe that social media, directly or indirectly, through mediating variables of government orientation, underpins the trend of crowds in society. Moreover, using social media to social interaction does not directly affect personal concepts, but this variable can indirectly increase the tendency to search and imitate majority in society through the intermediate variables of the propaganda trends.

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Splitting Linguistic Consciousness of Ukrainians: Neuropsychological and Legal Aspects

Author(s): Olga Andriyanova,Olga Sheliukh,Natalia Vovchasta,Halyna Khlypavka,Anzhela Posokhova,Vitalij Kozlovskij / Language(s): English Issue: 1Sup1/2022

The article deals with the problem of splitting linguistic consciousness of Ukrainians as a result of Russia’s destructive historical influence on their self-identity. In this regard, it offers some ways of solving this particular problem at the legislative level, as well as in the context of neuropedagogical and neuropsychological approaches. The article aims to prove that the Ukrainian language is the key factor in national self-identity, and appropriate neuropedagogical influence on linguistic personality can correct negative attitudes, stereotypes and weak self-identification. Research methods include historical and systemic analysis of relevant legal provisions; extrapolation of historical facts to the ethnopsychological and neuroscientific levels; generalization and modelling (formulating effective recommendations based on a preliminary analysis). Besides, the article discusses and characterizes the causes of differences in linguistic space, mainly in the south-eastern and western regions of Ukraine. They led to bilingualism, which is one of the factors threatening national security and territorial integrity. Furthermore, there are differences and linguistic conflicts in the current language policy in terms of relations between Ukraine and neighbouring countries. In this regard, the article attempts to outline the role of neuropedagogical tools in correcting splitting linguistic consciousness as the most destructive personal phenomenon of artificial bilingualism. Finally, the article proves that legal support can only provide a framework for solving the problem of artificial bilingualism. At the same time, the way out of destructive language policy lies in applying the latest neuropedagogical and neuropsychological methods, described in the conclusions below.

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Kalekie świadectwa. Niepełnosprawność i protesty w Polsce w 2018 i 2020 roku

Author(s): Natalia Pamuła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2021

Author uses the category of Robert McRuer’s “crip resistance” to think of two waves of disability related protests, which took place in Poland. In 2018 disabled people and their caregivers occupied the Parliament for 40 days to demand higher social security benefits and many people, including those without disabilities, took to the streets to support the protest. In 2020, the Polish Constitutional Tribunal prohibited abortion based on disability status, which caused anger among huge parts of Polish population, including women with disabilities. This article looks at disabled people’s statements made in 2018 in support of the interabled group occupying the Parliament and compares them with disabled women’s voices regarding recent introduction of the ban on abortion based on disability status. I call these five statements made by disabled people “crip testimonies” and analyze how Polish experiences of disability do not fit neatly within Western conceptions of disability developed within disability studies, most prominently, the social and the medical model of disability. In other words, this article pays attention to what is unique about Polish experiences of disability and makes a case for thinking about disability through people’s testimonies, not theories.

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Explanations and Attitudes Towards Superstition, Magical Thinking, and Occultism in the Press of Soviet Latvia

Author(s): Diana Popova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

This article offers a thematic analysis of Latvian-writing press published in the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic in the period 1945–1989 with the aim to identify explanations and attitudes towards ‘superstition’, ‘magical thinking’ and ‘occultism’. The most occurring examples of superstition were categorized in seven themes: magical thinking as the prime origin of religion; superstition as a primitive way of explaining natural phenomena; mediumship and spirit summoning; quackery or health fraud; divination or fortune telling; ‘everyday superstitions’; rituals and superstitions of individual professional groups. The thematic analysis suggests that although media in Soviet Latvia were the messengers of the communist ideology and advocates of a scientific and materialistic worldview, over time, some expressions of magical thinking were treated less strictly than others, e.g., in sport. In general, any belief in supernatural powers was considered as reactionary and obscurantist and attributed as characteristic to Western capitalist societies.

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Paranormal Beliefs in the Former Soviet Union: Relations with Religiosity and Spirituality

Author(s): Tekla Svanidze,Jennifer Schneider / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Suppression of religious institutions during the Soviet regime might have caused the former Soviet population to substitute religion with paranormal belief, and therefore it is important to study paranormal belief in relation with religiosity and spirituality, in the light of the Soviet Union. The participants (N=229) were from five post-soviet countries (Russia, Georgia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Kazakhstan). Participants completed an online survey consisting of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale (RPBS) plus the Ghosts subscale from Manchester Metropolitan University paranormal belief scale (MMUpbs), Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS) and the abbreviated version of Springfield Religiosity Scale (SRS). Participants reported low religiosity, while paranormal belief was moderate, and spirituality was high. Spirituality was a significant predictor for paranormal belief, while no relation was found between religiosity and paranormal belief. The article discusses the possible explanations for such results.

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From the Fight for Independence of Arab World to the Lack of Freedom – A Short History of Arab Media on the Example of Egypt

Author(s): Zofia Sawicka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The history of the Arab media is interesting because it shows how important role the media can play in political changes. Arabs, as one of the nations conquered by the Ottoman Empire, began to use the press as a mean of national revival already in the 19th century, later this process intensified significantly in the 1940s´, where the press became one of the arenas of the struggle for the independence of Arab states. The role of the media in the Arab national liberation struggle is underestimated. However, their powerful force was noticed by the new Arab regimes, which completely subdued the media market of the nascent Arab states and began to use the media for their own political purposes. This situation continues to this day, but the emergence of the Internet in this part of the world has reawakened the Arab national liberation mood, which culminated during the Arab Spring. Nowadays, Arab new media is considered to be the next arena of the fight for political change and democratization of this part of the world.

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Ortadoğu Coğrafyasında Deaş: Tarihçesi, Eylemci Profili ve Propaganda Faaliyetleri

Author(s): Mehmet Teltik / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

Terrorism is an event that has multiple social, political, economic and even spatial effects in the world. In the last 10 years, the development that most closely concerns the world and our country's public opinion in terms of terrorism is the DEASH organization that emerged in the Middle East. In a very short period of time, it gained dominance over a wide geographical area. Although its power weakens from time to time, its influence in the Middle East continues. Various researches are carried out from different branches of science on the actions and activities of DEASH. In this study, the ideological and economic orientations of the DEASH Terrorist Organization were examined, its historical development, propaganda and action methods were discussed in detail and certain analyses were made. The main purpose of the study is to reveal the activist profile of the organization and, accordingly, to reveal the propaganda activities through the journals Rumiyah, Konstantiniyye and Dabiq, which are known to represent the organization on a macro scale. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used together in the present study. Especially in the activist profile, the data taken from Gaziantep Courthouse was taken as a reference and used descriptively within the scope of the study. In the analysis of the journals, the MAXQDA 12 program was used to reveal the propaganda structure of the organization. The results obtained indicate that the DEASH Terrorist Organization actively uses propaganda to keep its members and sympathizers fit and strong. It has been found out that words such as “Allah”, “Islam”, “Muslim”, “Jihad”, “Martyr”, “Infidel”, “Apostate”, “Caliphate” and “Taghut” are used as propaganda tools in all of the journals. The basic prediction of the study is that the propaganda activities will increase from time to time and decrease from time to time in parallel with the power of the organization in the Middle East Geography. In addition, it is thought that Turkey will continue to be introduced as an enemy in the following issues of the aforementioned journals. This situation emerges as an important method in providing the basic motivation of the members of the organization.

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INTERNACIONALA OMLADINE - CENTRALNI ORGAN IK KIM-A O OMLADINSKOM POKRETU U JUGOSLAVIJI 1936-1941.

Author(s): Dubravka Škarica / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 6/1970

U toku čitavog međuratnog perioda bile su uspostavljene trajne veze između Saveza komunističke omladine Jugoslavije i Komunističke internacionale mladih, stvorene na Osnivačkom kongresu KIM-a 20. novembra 1919. godine u Berlinu.

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Римейкът като политическа метафора

Author(s): Valeri Lichev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2022

The article examines the various forms of metaphorical use of the term "remake" in the Bulgarian political discourse. They refer to: A) the general knowledge of political leaders; B) the electoral cycle; C) corruption practices; D) protest actions. In all these cases, the metaphorical transfer carries a negative value charge, insofar as it means the absence of new projects and visions for the social reality. Attention is drawn to the "reverse mimesis" which, unlike Aristotle, means the imitation or reproduction of patterns borrowed from the field of verbal and visual arts in public life.

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