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Vztah korupčního jednání a státního aparátu

Author(s): Petr Krčál,Vladimír Naxera / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2015

The article deals with the phenomenon of political corruption. Political corruption is dominantly perceived as a potential threat for the stability of state apparatus. We try to present a different point of view on this phenomenon. Our concern is to provide an explanation of corruption through the mutual relation between corruption and state apparatus. From this point of view corruption can represent a possible (and sometimes useful) strategy of acting in particular social fields. We call this strategy “habitus of corruption”. This article should serve as a summary study of the phenomenon of political corruption as well as a possible source of theoretical and methodological inspiration in the field of study of corruption. The last goal of this paper is to demonstrate the suitability of an interdisciplinary approach in social sciences.

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Facebook prijatelji kao pokazatelj strukturnih dimenzija društvenog kapitala mladih u Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Krešimir Krolo / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2015

The topic of this article is the analysis of the role of the Facebook online social network as a predictor of the social capital structural dimensions of youth in Croatia. The theoretical part of the paper has connected specific dimensions of social capital that stem from the work of Robert D. Putnam with the insights from the research of the new media use among youth. Based on that overview,a methodological framework was constructed containing measures of structural dimensions of offline and online social capital (bonding social capital, bridging social capital, and participation in civic activities), as well as modes and intensity of online social networks use. Data was collected by an online survey in 2012on a convenience sample (N=577) using the snowball method. Data analyses included bivariate and multivariate procedures that were employed to explore the relevance of Facebook friends – together with other characteristics of online social networks use – in accounting for structural dimensions of the social capital of youth in Croatia. Results showed that the number of friends on Facebook is positively associated with online participatory practices of youth as well as with online bridging social capital. That points to two attributes of Facebook friends as an indicator of the social capital of Croatian youth. The first highlights the relationship of civic activism and Facebook as a more flexible form of social engagement compared to classical forms of institutional and organizational engagement(membership in non-governmental organizations). The other emphasizes the role of Facebook as a medium that connects individuals outside their local contextual limitations. Both of those attributes are indicative not only of how communication is being carried out in cyberspace, but also how different forms of social capital are being accumulated in the »digital« society.

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The Rise and Fall of the European Dream

Author(s): Joseph W.H. Lough / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The European Dream is often portrayed as the benign if not benevolent counterpart to the fading American Dream. Yet, as economic historian Joseph Lough shows in this essay, the European and American dreams are linked by more than their shared embrace of free market capitalism. In this essay Professor Lough exposes the darker side of the European Dream, a side first expressed in the 1990s, but now fully revealed in Europe’s conflict with Greece. As Professor Lough shows, this dark side of the European Dream was already present at its birth in the 19th century, when GWF Hegel allegorized its birth and diffusion through a story about the Self-Moving Substance that is Subject. This story has received mathematically rigorous validation through convergence theories of today’s neoclassical and neoliberal economists. Yet is total domination by this Self-Moving Substance inevitable, much less desirable? Professor Lough shows how Europe could adopt an alternative, more sustainable European Dream to meet today’s pressing challenges.

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УСТОЙЧИВЫЙ ТУРИЗМ КАК МЕХАНИЗМ РАЗВИТИЯ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТИ

Author(s): Maria Aleksandrova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

Currently in the era of globalization in today's rapidly developing world has the greatest development of international tourism, due to the numerous travels around the world committed by people of different cultures increasingly acute question of peaceful coexistence and interaction of representatives of different cultures. To date, the issues of tolerance and development perspectives of international tourism not only discussed at the state level, but many researchers are interested in data mining problems. However, to date little is known of the impact of tourism on the development of individual tolerance attitudes in relation to the development of tourism mobility, while the presence or absence of these plants can have a profound interaction on the further development of international tourism.The analysis of the theoretical aspects of the relationship of tolerance and tourism is the main task of this work. The urgency of work due to increased trends of sustainable development in the tourism sector that is not only a mechanism for the development of the world economy, but also a tool of personality development. The article analyzes the relationship between tourism activity and the development of tolerance, without which the existence of civilized society, the necessity of formation and development of tolerant consciousness in the context of globalization and rapid development of international tourism, as the inherent properties of both processes.

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ПРОФЕСИОНАЛНА СОЦИАЛНА ОТГОВОРНОСТ ПРИ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НА ЗЕЛЕНИТЕ СИСТЕМИ

Author(s): Elena Dragozova-Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Activities in landscape architecture are directly related to the application of altruistic concepts for the improvement of public welfare. Experts, working in this profession, perform functions related to management of various complex projects for improving the living conditions of the community. Through their work they exert significant effects on the economic, social and environmental development. Professional social responsibility of the landscape architect is an integral part of ethical behavior not only within the profession but to society and is a factor for sustainable development of urban green systems.

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Kultura korporacji w perspektywie nowej ekonomii instytucjonalnej

Author(s): Bożena Klimczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2014

The aim of this article is to approach the roots of the corporate culture in the light of New Institutional Economics. The basis of analysis is the concept of four levels of the institutions by O.E. Williamson. The corporate governance is embedded in tradition (level 1) and in formal institutions (level 2). In European civilization tradition means especially – religion, so the American and European corporations culture is connected with religious Christian values. In the first part of the article the traditional, religion embeddedness of economic culture (level 1) is discussed. In the second part of the article two institutional theories of corporate governance (level 3) are discussed: agency theory and transactions costs theory. The connection between level 3 and level 1 as the roots of corporate governance is the transactions cost theory. In the summary the integration between corporate governance and corporate social responsibility is shown.

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THE ROLE OF EXPERTS IN A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY

Author(s): Ivan Cerovac / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Democratic procedures are characterized by the equal status of all citizens participating in the decision-making process. This procedural fairness represents one of the central aspects of democracy's legitimacy-generating potential and should not be rejected or weakened. However, citizens specialize in different areas and inevitably some citizens become more competent (i.e. become experts) regarding some political issues. Democratic procedure would loose much of its appeal if it would be unable to take advantage of the experts' knowledge. In this paper I follow Kitcher and Christiano in embracing a form of division of epistemic (and political) labour - citizens and their political representatives should deliberate and set aims the political community is to pursue, while experts and policy-makers should devise means (laws, public policies and political decisions) needed to achieve the aims set by citizens. However, citizens should not blindly trust the experts - their epistemic authority is derivative and social and academic networks and structures should be employed in order to enable citizens to assess and evaluate experts' competence, but experts' impartiality regarding the issue at hand as well. Consequently, the process should not be unidirectional: experts should be able to help citizens select feasible and coherent aims, while citizens should be able to help experts in creating policies and decisions. Deliberative democracy is an appropriate political setting for this kind of bidirectional communication.

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Hofstede's Culture Value Survey in Croatia: Examining Regional Differences

Author(s): Edo Rajh,Jelena Budak,Ivan-Damir Anić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

The purpose of this paper is to apply Hofstede's value survey in Croatia and examine regional differences in the cultural dimensions of power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation. Based on the large national survey data (N = 1,500), the scores for five dimensions were analysed at the national and sub- -national regional levels. This study contributes to Hofstede's theory of culture by using the general population sample and examining regional differences. The results show that Croatia scores lower on power distance, is a moderately high individualistic country, has a tendency towards "feminine" culture and has a lower level of long-term orientation, which are all characteristics of developed countries. However, the value of uncertainty avoidance is high, which is a characteristic of post-transition economies. The analysis at regional level in Croatia reveals that Croatia is homogeneous with respect to Hofstede's dimensions of national culture. The cluster analysis was performed using dimensions of national culture for Croatia. Among the identified clusters differences exist in gender and age, while there are no significant differences related to the level of education. Implications for managers and policy makers are discussed in the paper.

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ESTIJOS, LIETUVOS IR ARGENTINOS VALIUTŲ VALDYBOS MODELIŲ INSTITUCINĖ ANALIZĖ

Author(s): Vytautas Kuokštis,Magnus Feldmann / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 3 (79)/2015

This article analyses currency boards from the perspective of new institutionalism, namely historical institutionalism. New institutionalism holds the view that institutions have independent, autonomous effects on the social world. Once established, institutions tend to become stronger over time due to path dependency. At the same time, the new institutionalist literature has been criticized for either ignoring or not being able to properly account for institutional change. This article pays attention to both self-enforcing and self-undermining effects generated by currency boards. Furthermore, the interaction of the currency board regime with other national institutions is analysed. After laying out the theoretical arguments, this article empirically assesses them with the analysis of three cases of currency board regimes in Estonia, Lithuania, and Argentina. One of the findings is that currency boards tend to become more popular over time. This tendency can be explained by several self-enforcing effects related to growing indebtedness in foreign currencies, currency boards’ role in ensuring macroeconomic stability as well as emerging ideational consensus supporting the regime. However, currency boards also unleash self-undermining tendencies, primarily related to the increasing general indebtedness and deteriorating competitiveness. The relationship of currency boards with the broader institutional set-up proved to be important. Unlike in Lithuania and especially in Estonia, the national institutional landscape in Argentina was unfavourable for the existence of the currency board regime. This was especially evident during the economic downturn of 1998–2002 when Argentina attempted to implement the internal adjustment strategy in order to safeguard the currency board. Nevertheless, Argentina’s inability to quickly adopt a major fiscal consolidation package eventually led to the demise of the currency board regime. In turn, this inability can be attributed to the lack of informal norms of fiscal prudence, decentralized nature of Argentina’s political institutions, and the organization of interest groups. The analysis provided in this article thus suggests that, despite important self-enforcing effects of currency boards, they are not sufficient to bring about the major transformation of a generally unfavourable national institutional landscape.

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Moterų ir vyrų darbo užmokestis: situacija ir tendencijos

Author(s): Laura Raguckienė,Vida Staponienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 3/2016

The paper presents situation and tendencies of women’s and men’s pay through the prism of gender equality in Lithuania. It analyzes the gender pay gap, its causes and provides recommendations on how to reduce the gender pay gap. The statistical analysis of the data revealed that women earn less than men in almost all sectors and all fields of economic activity. The most salient gender pay gap remains in the private sector as well as finance and insurance, information and communications, i. e. there, where men compose the largest part of employees and where is required high qualification. Gender segregation in the labour market, the gender stereotypes, the weaknesses of organization’s human resources management, underestimation of women’s competence and the absence of ability to combine family and work are ones of the most essential reasons of gender pay gap. In order to solve the gender pay gap problem, it is necessary to educate and train the public, to promote women’s entrepreneurship, to improve the legal framework, to create conditions for women and men to combine work and family, to raise employers’ awareness and change their attitude towards employees.

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О ПРИНЦИПАХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ОРГАНОВ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ВЛАСТИ СУБЪЕКТА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Author(s): Aleksandr Fodorovich Malyi / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2013

The article studies the constitutional framework of organization of public authorities in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The work shows the significance of the principles that define the formation and activities of public authorities in the federal subjects of Russia.

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ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ НАУЧНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СИСТЕМОЙ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ

Author(s): Klavdiya Nikolayevna Novikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2013

The article deals with the development of theoretical and methodological foundations for sociological studies of welfare system management. Based on the analysis of scientific concepts of social management as well as taking into account Russian and foreign practices, this work substantiates the author’s understanding of the terms welfare system and welfare system management and describes the main system and structural elements of welfare system management, its areas, functions and principles. This lays the ground for further development of this topic in sociology.

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ПОРТРЕТ «ПЕРВОГО КАНАЛА» РОССИЙСКОГО ТЕЛЕВИДЕНИЯ В ОЦЕНКАХ ОБОЗРЕВАТЕЛЕЙ «ЛИТЕРАТУРНОЙ ГАЗЕТЫ»

Author(s): Roman Petrovich Bakanov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2013

The article presents the results from the analysis of publications by the reviewers of Literaturnaya gazeta, focused on the broadcasting practice of Channel One as one of the leading Russian media. The authors (television critics) paid attention to such components of the functioning of this television company as quality of programs, their possible social effects, behavior and remarks of guests, professionalism of journalists and authors of television projects, persuasion techniques used by journalists, ideological views and value guidelines of the management and employees. Having studied 155 articles, wherein the television critics assessed Channel One, we can speak about a negative portrait of this television company, formed on the pages of Literaturnaya gazeta.

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Employee Productivity Augmentation, Management Task Automation, and Deep and Machine Learning-based Organizational Knowledge Sharing in Artificial Intelligence Work Environments

Author(s): Doina Popescu Ljungholm / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Based on an in-depth survey of the literature, the purpose of the paper is to explore artificial intelligence human resource management algorithms and talent and performance management tools in productive and collaborative workplaces. In this research, previous findings were cumulated showing that artificial intelligence-driven human resource analytics and predictive analytics and workforce management tools further machine learning-based employee acquisition and virtual reality-based job training in collaborative working environments, and the contribution to the literature is by indicating that artificial intelligence-based organizational changes and professional knowledge sharing mechanisms require movement tracking sensors, automated employee data mining and resignation prediction tools, and interconnected monitoring devices. Throughout January 2024, a quantitative literature review of the Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases was performed, with search terms including “artificial intelligence work environments” + “employee productivity augmentation,” “management task automation,” and “deep and machine learning-based organizational knowledge sharing.” As research published in 2022 and 2023 was inspected, only 179 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria, and 36 mainly empirical sources were selected. Data visualization tools: Dimensions (bibliometric mapping) and VOSviewer (layout algorithms). Reporting quality assessment tool: PRISMA. Methodological quality assessment tools include: ASReview Lab, CASP, DistillerSR, Eppi-Reviewer, JBI SUMARI, and Litstream.

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Labor-Saving Automation Technologies, Employee Engagement Analytics, and Job Performance Measurement in Artificial Intelligence Algorithm-based Workplace Environments

Author(s): Viorica Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize and analyze employee productivity measurement, algorithm-driven human resource management decision processes, big data mining-based employee knowledge accumulation, and artificial intelligence-based performance appraisals. With increasing evidence of artificial intelligence-enabled human resource management processes, big data algorithm-based employee performance, and artificial intelligence-driven workplace automation, there is an essential demand for comprehending whether deep and machine learning-based organizational support tools and decision support and task assignment systems can be deployed in algorithmic labor relation management, computer-based teamwork simulations, and artificial intelligence-based employee performance. A quantitative literature review of ProQuest, Scopus, and the Web of Science was carried out throughout January 2024, with search terms including “artificial intelligence algorithm-based workplace environments” + “labor-saving automation technologies,” “employee engagement analytics,” and “job performance measurement.” As research published in 2022 and 2023 was inspected, only 177 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria, and 40 mainly empirical sources were selected. Data visualization tools: Dimensions (bibliometric mapping) and VOSviewer (layout algorithms). Reporting quality assessment tool: PRISMA. Methodological quality assessment tools include: Citationchaser, Eppi-Reviewer, JBI SUMARI, Litstream, PICO Portal, and ROBIS.

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Real-Time Artificial Intelligence Workforce and Employee Big Data Analytics, Holographic Display and Interconnected Monitoring Devices, and Talent and Performance Management Tools for Algorithmic Organizational Decision-Making Processes

Author(s): Gheorghe H. Popescu,Stanislav Zábojník,Pavol Durana,Adela Poliakova,Petrică Tudosă / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This article reviews and advances existing literature concerning automation-based algorithmic decision-making processes, artificial intelligence work structuring function reconfiguration, and big data-driven employee training in productive and collaborative workplaces. Throughout January 2024, a quantitative literature review of the Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases was performed, with search terms including “algorithmic organizational decision-making processes” + “real-time artificial intelligence workforce and employee big data analytics,” “holographic display and interconnected monitoring devices,” and “talent and performance management tools.” As research published in 2022 and 2023 was inspected, only 178 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria, and 36 mainly empirical sources were selected. Data visualization tools: Dimensions (bibliometric mapping) and VOSviewer (layout algorithms). Reporting quality assessment tool: PRISMA. Methodological quality assessment tools include: BIBOT, CASP, MMAT, Nested Knowledge, PICO Portal, and SluRp.

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The Critical Role of Human Resources in Mitigating and Managing Cybersecurity Risks in Modern Organizations: A Strategic Approach

Author(s): Elvira Nica,Ştefan Gabriel Burcea,Oana Matilda Sabie / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In the current world where information technology is rapidly advancing, the threats are increasing, and are a great danger to organizations irrespective of the industry they belong to. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of human resources duties and responsibilities in managing cybersecurity risks by focusing on the human factor in the framework of organizational security. While previously their primary responsibilities were maintaining cordial employee relations and shaping organizational culture, the center stage for security at most organizations is now in the HR departments. Therefore, to eliminate the risk of insider threats due to negligence and lack of awareness in various sectors, and through HR, institutions can enforce active policies, training programs, and appreciation of cybersecurity needs. This study will explore the role of HR in achieving organizational cyber security objectives with specific reference to onboarding, monitoring, and compliance with the set data security policies. It also emphasizes the Key ideas that HR involves in working with the IT units to offer control over access, assess risks, and address other psychological factors that may contribute to security risks. From this, the research calls for increased proactive involvement of the HR department in cybersecurity with the following model depicting the HR department as an initial line of defense in protecting organizational assets from cyber threats.

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Artificial Intelligence Workplace and Sensor Networkbased Employee Tracking Technologies, Organizational Decision-Making Augmentation and Labor Productivity Measurement Tools, and Algorithmic Workforce Management

Author(s): Elvira Nica,Miloš Poliak,Katarina Zvarikova,Ioana-Alexandra Pârvu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Based on an in-depth survey of the literature, the purpose of the paper is to explore artificial intelligence-based workplace decisions. Throughout May 2024, a quantitative literature review of the Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases was performed, with search terms including “machine and deep learning-based collaborative working environments” + “artificial intelligence workplace and sensor network-based employee tracking technologies,” “organizational decision-making augmentation and labor productivity measurement tools,” and “algorithmic workforce management and employment relation automation processes.” As research published in 2022 and 2023 was inspected, only 172 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria, and 38 mainly empirical sources were selected. Data visualization tools: Dimensions (bibliometric mapping) and VOSviewer (layout algorithms). Reporting quality assessment tool: PRISMA. Methodological quality assessment tools include: Abstrackr, Citationchaser, PICO Portal, ROBIS, SRDR+, and SWIFTActive Screener.

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Wearable Augmented Reality and 3D Virtual Simulation Technologies, Contextual Awareness and Spatial Data Mining Tools, and Generative Artificial Intelligence and Workplace Tracking Systems in Immersive Work Environments

Author(s): Cristina Manole,Mile Vasic,Irina Elena Petrescu,Mihaela Melenciuc / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The purpose of this study is to examine generative artificial intelligence and extensive vision data processing tools, wearable augmented reality devices, and interconnected virtual simulations. Throughout May 2024, a quantitative literature review of the Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases was performed, with search terms including “immersive work environments” + “wearable augmented reality and 3D virtual simulation technologies,” “contextual awareness and spatial data mining tools,” and “generative artificial intelligence and workplace tracking systems.” As research published in 2022 and 2023 was inspected, only 181 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria, and 35 mainly empirical sources were selected. Data visualization tools: Dimensions (bibliometric mapping) and VOSviewer (layout algorithms). Reporting quality assessment tool: PRISMA. Methodological quality assessment tools include: AXIS, Colandr, Eppi-Reviewer, JBI SUMARI, Litstream, and MMAT.

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Disruptive Masculinities? Male Workers Challenging Gender(ed) Norms in Technology Startup Organizations

Author(s): Edyta Tobiasiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2025

The tech industry is one of the most influential and profitable sectors of the new economy, with startup organizations playing a significant role within it. Existing research highlights that these emerging companies remain male-dominated—structurally, normatively, and symbolically. However, researchers rarely consider how norms and gender inequalities, which privilege men and masculinities, might be questioned and negotiated by male employees, especially those in positions of privilege. This article examines how men occupying different roles in tech startups contest, transgress, or redefine dominant gender(ed) norms in their workplaces. Drawing on semi-structured interviews conducted between 2021 and 2023 with 43 male and female startup employees—as part of a broader study funded by the Polish National Science Centre (grant no. 2020/37/N/HS6/03913)—this analysis demonstrates how men engaging in emotional labor (on individual and collective levels), actively reconfigure the gender regime and “disrupt” the reproduction of normative models of masculinity within their companies

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