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Agencje wykonawcze. W poszukiwaniu nowych narzędzi zarządzania (governance) integracją w unii europejskiej

Author(s): Magdalena Sitek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The civilization changes have forced the implementation of new forms of organization and functioning of public administration, defined as governance, that serve to intensify the European integration. The government agencies are one form of greater integration through the decentralization of the public administration. There were initiated in the UK. In the European Economic Community, such agencies were established in the seventies of the twentieth century. In 2003, the special kind of agency, called the executive agencies were created in the framework of the European Union. Their duty is to perform technical tasks in the field of execution of Union management tasks, including such areas as science, culture, health, transport, consumer protection. In total, six such agencies currently operates in the EU. The organization and functioning of the executive agencies were standardized in the Council Regulation (EC) No 58/2003 of 19 December 2002 – laying down the statute of executive agencies. The ten-year period of the functioning of executive agencies should be assessed fairly well. The problem area that needs some adjustment is the question of the coherence of activities done by executive agencies with those done by the appropriate national agencies of the Member States, in order to develop and unify the standards of operation.

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Informacja Wojskowa - rys historyczny

Author(s): Grzegorz Winogrodzki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

The following article discusses the issues related to the functioning of Polish security in the period after World War II. This period, in spite of many skeptics, should be reminded for the next generations.The members of the National Armed Forces (NSZ) and the officers from headquarters of the Home Army (AK) had closed access to People's Army of Poland (LWP). The officers holding the rank of major and above, who were on duty in the Polish Army (WP) before 1939, were also negatively assessed. Joining the party was generally voluntary, but the call to LWP was in most cases forced. It should be recalled that the management center of the LWP was the Politburo of the Polish United Workers (Communist) Party. In terms of operational and strategic LWP was subject to Moscow. Main Directorate of Information of the Polish Army, the Ministry of Defence, the Committee for Public Safety was the authority of military counterintelligence in the years 1944 – 1957. That body, next to the Ministry of Public Security, was responsible for the mass repressions among the soldiers of the Polish Army, the Home Army and civilians. Dependence and political subordination of the Polish People's Republic to the Soviet Union were visible at every point in post-war Poland. It had particular importance in the management and administrative structure of the Special Services, in the bodies of the Ministry of Public Security (MBP) and in the Military Information as well.

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“This Is How We Do Things”. Acculturation of Immigrant Teachers: Elusive Critical Leadership

Author(s): Delight Sibanda,Sadi Seyama-Mokhaneli / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Aim. The research aims to critically examine immigrant teachers’ acculturation into independent South African schools. It also raises awareness of the absence of school leadership’s preparedness and competence to facilitate immigrant teachers’ integrative acculturation.Methods. The research used a critical qualitative case study design and purposively sampled participants within a population of inner-city independent schools to ensure they were professional immigrant teachers working in a South African independent school and experiencing acculturation. Data was generated through focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically.Results. The results show that immigrant teachers experience acculturation and adaptation challenges, facing diversity as division. As leaders continuously articulate schools’ visions and missions, they reinforce beliefs, norms, and values, which become the lens through which teachers, learners and other stakeholders engage in their daily activities. Thus, results also illuminate a prevailing authoritarian leadership that enforces cultural assimilation and separation, undermining immigrant teachers’ identities, values, capabilities, and equal status within the school context.Conclusion. Immigrant teachers transform South African schools into cosmopolitan and multicultural settings with incredible cultural dimensions for learners to learn and broaden their global citizenship. Thus, these diverse schools need culturally conscious and effective leaders who deliberately exercise power to confront inequity and marginalisation, affirm minority cultures and foster cultural integration.

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Eğitim Yönetiminde Kariyer Yönetimi ve Mesleki Gelişim Sürecinin Planlanması ve Değerlendirmesi

Author(s): Serkan Gökşen,Esra Güler Gökşen / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 20/2023

At the end of the human resource planning process within the framework of career management in education management, the image of the institution related to human resources is determined. The first stage in which these planning studies are reflected in practice is the studies aimed at meeting the labor force needs. It is possible to eliminate the need for human resources from two basic sources. These are the institution's own internal resources, i.e. its own employees and external resources. The process of selecting human resources within the framework of career management in education management is the process of determining the most appropriate for the qualifications required by the open job among the candidates applying to the corporate organization. Dec. The main purpose of personnel selection is to select the people who are most suitable for the characteristics of the job determined as a result of job analysis by evaluating their personality traits and abilities. In other words, it is the selection and placement of the right employee in the right place. Carefully selected staff is the one that is more efficient and easier to train. In other words, the human resource selection process is the process of identifying the current need, announcing it with appropriate ways and means, receiving applications from candidates, conducting interviews, and placing candidates who are deemed suitable for the job. The criteria used in the selection process can usually be grouped under three main headings: education, work or professional experience, and work-related personal characteristics. The educational criterion includes how many years of education the candidate has received, where he graduated from, and in some cases, his graduation degree. The criteria determined in terms of education should reflect the level of education that is really necessary to perform well. The candidate's work and professional experience usually indicates his past success. The employee who has experience needs less training to perform the job well. This also significantly reduces the cost of education.

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Eğitim Yönetiminde Eğitim İhtiyacının Belirlenmesi ve İnsan Kaynakları Planlamasının Yapılması

Author(s): Bekir Doğan,Murat Bağ,Ziya Dağli,Abdullah Yilmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 20/2023

Education is the job of creating the desired behavior in the person being trained. People can usually gain by experiencing a behavior pattern, but the desired behavior can be created in a person through a planned educational process. The behavior that will occur in the person who is being trained should be appropriate for the educational purposes. It would be appropriate to determine the characteristics of educational effort in terms of quality and quantity. Because not every training can be suitable for every organization, just as it may not be sufficient and appropriate to provide training in the characteristics that determine every organization. The purpose of the training activities is to ensure in-house efficiency and to increase the future success of the employees. The first expectation from the training activities carried out is to improve the knowledge and abilities of the employees. Employee training and development will help employees adapt to environmental changes. The first step in the training activities to be carried out in order to prepare employees at all levels for organizational and work-related developments by improving their knowledge and abilities is to compare the level of knowledge and abilities that an employee should have with what they have. It is important for planning to indicate the level of knowledge and ability required by the jobs in the tasks and job descriptions performed, and to emphasize the aspects that are open to development. The main problem in developing educational programs in organizations is the determination of educational deficit. To the extent that the educational needs are well identified, it will be possible to provide the maximum benefit in the educational activities to be carried out.

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Eğitim Yönetimi Proseslerinde Eğitim Politikası ile Kamu Politikasının Kodları

Author(s): Merve Özlüleci Ece,Ferdi Ece,Mehmet Özhan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 20/2023

Within the framework of our study, educational management processes will be examined in the context of policy, education policy and public policy concepts. Both education policies and public policies create two basic dynamics that can be evaluated within the scope of education management. It is difficult to understand the term politics as a specific and concrete phenomenon within the context of education policy and public policy. That is why there is no single and widely accepted invariant definition of politics. On the other hand, there is a wide literature in a number of disciplines, including sociology of politics, policy management and political science, which attempts to define policy in the context of educational policy and public policy. Although they have one thing in common, the truth is that there is no easy definition of politics. Therefore, there is very little to be achieved in the sense of a fixed conceptualization of the term politics. Although there is no widely accepted, precise and reliable definition of the policy definition in the context of education policy and public policy, it is possible to define the policy as the definition of goals, the determination of priorities, a plan, an output or a component of some or all of them. In this context, within the framework of education policy, political science is a branch of social science that covers a very wide field and is still in development. Within the framework of education policy, public policy refers to the positions and actions taken by the state, which includes a number of institutions that contain the basic characteristics and integrity of the authority. Public policy is often confused with decisions made in public. But a personal decision alone does not make policy. Within the framework of education policy, public policy describes examples of decisions in the context of other decisions made by political actors on behalf of state institutions from authorized positions. Public policies serve as an example to explain both the consequences and the tools designed to guide human behavior and actions. Public policy refers to the issues that officials can work on, as a rule, the things that are desired to be achieved.

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Eğitim Yönetimi Politikasında Etkisel Faktörler ve Rol Oynayan Aktörler

Author(s): Pınar Özten Şahin,Engin Dikbasan,Deniz Halitoğulları,Fatma Yıldırım / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 20/2023

There are influential factors in education management policy and actors who play a role in shaping this policy. The effective factors and actors in the educational processes in question show a wide variety. The general character of a country has a significant impact on the analysis of education policy. This makes the process of making education policy even more difficult in many ways. A historical and evolutionary perspective on the dynamics of politics over time allows the analyst to form a sense of why the policy was put forward at that moment in particular. By studying the past, one can probably learn about the speed of implementation of educational policies. The planning capacity of the state at the national level is one of the most important variables in terms of institutional analyses of the political sector. In addition, the professional opinions of bureaucrats educated at universities can influence the educational plans and ideologies of the elite. The economic development of a country is one of the most important factors affecting education policy. It is impossible to think of the economy and the country's development independently of each other. In democratic countries, parliament is one of the most important elements of the public policy process. If requests, needs, problems or expectations arising in any area of society come up and have a permanent feature, they are transmitted by official or civil institutions to the state, in other words, to the government or public institutions. A public policy programmed and shaped by laws or regulations by the legislative or executive branch during the public policy making process cannot enter into force if it is canceled by the judiciary. Therefore, judicial institutions can be Decried as among the official actors in the public policy making process. Bureaucracy is not something that constantly adds strength to deciding political questions, and in fact, with it, it also takes on the task of implementation. The application includes all the activities designed to reveal the policies issued by the law makers. Public institutions and their officials should be considered as the main source both in the shaping and implementation of public policies. Because political actors come and go by election and may not have technical knowledge about policies. In the public policy process, official persons and institutions belonging to the state, as well as persons and institutions present in society and expressed as civil actors, play a role in policy formation, implementation and evaluation. Civilian actors play a role in policy processes without any clear, legal duties to participate in.

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The Values in Multicultural Contexts as a Tool for Understanding Multilevel Development

Author(s): María del Carmen OLMOS-GÓMEZ,Raquel PORTILLO SÁNCHEZ,Rafael LÓPEZ CORDERO,David AZANCOT CHOCRÓN / Language(s): English Issue: 86/2024

This study designed and validated a novel instrument that is useful for analyzing values at different levels (moral, social, individual, spiritual, and multicultural). A questionnaire was designed and validated with 1,702 participants using structural equation modeling (SEM). This methodology allows for latent analysis, which is consistent with the use of a multivariate regression to relate response patterns to a set of existing factors that are not directly observed, thus obtaining four factors related to social, cultural, transcendental, and emotional values, where the values must be based on the holistic development of a human being, combining all the dimensions that make up an individual. This resulted in a valid and reliable instrument with psychometric characteristics that make it suitable for establishing values in multicultural populations.

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Mobbing Ve Kraliçe Arı Sendromu Ekseninde Pembe Tacizin Kadın Çalışanlar Üzerindeki Etkileri

Author(s): Melike Eligür Gürsoy,İbrahim Emre Gürsoy / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 21/2024

The aim of this study is to determine whether pink harassment, a concept that has become widespread in our country and is tried to be overcome, is applied in educational organizations in the context of queen bee syndrome, and if so, to what extent it is, and to reveal the thoughts of female employees (mobbing) about pink harassment. In the first part of the study, the problem situation was revealed through the variables that determine the purpose of the project, and in the second part, the literature studies were mentioned under the headings. In the conclusion section, examples of research studies conducted on our relevant variables are included. When these examples were evaluated, it was concluded that pink harassment on the axis of mobbing and queen bee syndrome had a negative psychological and psychological impact on female employees.

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A Comprehensive Review of Research on Head of Panel Leadership in Malaysian Primary Schools

Author(s): Zaliza Md Yasin,Muhammad Faizal A. Ghani,Norfariza Mohd Radzi,Nurhanani Mohd Fadzil / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2024

This article provides a clearer understanding of head of panel (HoP) leadership in Malaysian primary schools. The research on HoP leadership is still in its early stages and requires further expansion. Additionally, this paper discusses the role of HoP leadership using the models developed by Turner and Bolam (1998). The research also revealed that the HoP needs to possess the necessary skills to guide the team members and set an example for their roles and responsibilities. Additionally, the HoP plays a crucial role in planning and managing middle-level leadership in schools. This study also significantly benefits the HoP, school administrators, and the Ministry of Education, Malaysia (MoE). Studies also reveal that careful application and management of HoP leadership can positively influence student achievement and school performance under HoP leadership.

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Eğitim Yönetiminde Etkili Metodik Değerlendirme Süreçlerinin İncelenmesi

Author(s): Halil Bektaş,İlker Vursavaş,Hayrettin Tunç,Ayşegül Bileyen,Engin Sarıcan,Zeynel Kabakcı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 33/2024

Methodically making a negative assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of a policy or program immediately, rather than over a broader period of time, may lead to the termination of the program. When evaluating an institution in educational management, the content of the evaluation, it and the values involved in the event will affect the final evaluation as a whole. In this context, one of the decisions that should be taken before making any policy evaluation is to determine who should make the evaluation. The specific circumstances surrounding the necessity for any evaluation will have a significant impact on the alternative that will be selected. Within this framework, the suitability of time, financing situation, subject matter expertise, understanding of evaluation findings and management support, etc. the concepts of internal evaluation and external evaluation stand out in terms of the functioning of processes. Internal assessments have other advantages, such as low cost. In addition, internal evaluators are more predisposed to the organization itself, the evaluated program and related policies, corporate stakeholders and the target audience. The biggest disadvantage of internal evaluation is its real and perceived biases. There is real prejudice. Because it is human nature for corporate members to perceive program errors through the lens of their common corporate experience. External evaluations also have a number of advantages in terms of minimizing biases, at least internal biases. The most important advantage of external evaluation is that evaluators are perceived as impartial because they have no interest in the evaluation results. The plus advantage of using external evaluators is that they are not part of the corporate culture, program and evaluated policy, and their professionalism, previous experience, training, values and perceptions offer them a completely different perspective on problem identification and potential improvements. An important disadvantage of using external evaluators is that it is more expensive than internal evaluation and more time is needed. External evaluations take more time. Because evaluators need to internalize the programs or institutions as well as the policies, programs and institutions they evaluate.

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Eğitim Yöneticilerinin Eğitimde Fırsat Eşitliği Konusundaki Rolleri

Author(s): Murat Eyyup Yalaza,Sebahat Orhan Dertli,Sümeyye Satı,Ali Rıza Dertli,Ali Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 33/2024

Eğitim hakkı kavramı, bütün insanların ayrımcılık gözetilmeksizin eşit bir biçimde içinde bulundukları toplumda eğitime ayrılan kaynakların, sunulan hizmetlerin ve yararların paylaşılması hususunda sahip oldukları tabi hakları belirtmektedir. İnsan Hakları Evrensel Bildirgesinde hiçbir ayrım gözetmeksizin tüm bireylere tanınmış bir hak olarak yer almıştır. Bundan sonra yayınlanan çok sayıda uluslararası bildiri ve sözleşmede ise diğer insan haklarına ulaşabilmenin önkoşulu olarak belirlenmiştir. Eğitim hakkıyla ilgili uluslararası sözleşmeler, devletlere hiçbir ayrım yapılmaksızın bireylere eğitim hizmetinin sunulması sorumluluğunu yüklemektedir. Ayrımcılık yasağı ilke olarak negatif bir yükümlülüktür, ancak devletlerin her tür ayrımcılığın önlenmesi hususunda pozitif yükümlülükleri söz konusudur. Evrensel nitelikli belgelerde bireylere hayat boyu tanınmış bir hak olan eğitim, kesintisiz ve sürekli bir süreç olarak ele alınır. Dolayısıyla bilgi çağında olmamıza karşın bilgi eşitsizliklerinin derinleştiği bir dünyada insan yaşamının belirli bir evresinde yararlanılması gereken bir hak değildir. Bilimsel ve teknolojik gelişmeler bireylerin sahip oldukları bilgi, beceri ve yeterliklerin sürekli güncellenmesi gereksinimini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu nedenle tüm bireylerin eğitim hakkından hayat boyu yararlanmalarını sağlayacak olanaklar arttırılmalıdır. Eğitim yöneticileri, kaynakları etkin şekilde kullanarak eğitim hakkından hiçbir ayrım gözetmeksizin tüm yetişkinlerin yararlanmasını sağlamak, katılım oranlarını artırmak,toplumun gereksinimlerine uygun eğitim etkinlikleri düzenlemek ve uygulamak göreviyle yükümlüdürler. Bu açıdan bakıldığında yetişkin eğitimi kurumunda görevli eğitim yöneticilerinin yetişkinlerin eğitim hakkının sağlanmasına ilişkin rollerini yeterince yerine getirememelerinin yetişkin eğitimine katılımın düşük olması, yetişkinlerin eğitim gereksinimlerinin karşılanamaması, nitelikli bir yetişkin eğitimi sunulamaması sonuçlarını doğuran nedenler arasında yer aldığı ileri sürülebilir. Eğitim yöneticilerinin yetişkinlerin eğitim hakkına ilişkin rollerinin yerine getirilmesi aşamasında yaşanan sorunların saptanması ve eğitim yöneticilerinin gerçekleştirmesi gereken rollerin ortaya konulabilmesi için eğitim yöneticilerinin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi gereklidir.

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Epistemoloji Açısından Eğitim Yönetiminde Doğruluk Sorunsalı

Author(s): Nurşen Akdoğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 33/2024

The educational services offered in a country are carried out within the framework of certain policies. These educational policies reflect the thoughts and philosophies of those who create them about life and education. For this reason, having knowledge about the philosophy of education provides a better understanding of the adopted policies and how to manage them. The forms of knowledge creation of scientific disciplines and fields are specific to the field. Accordingly, knowledge and the epistemic uses of knowledge cannot be understood without at least a slight idea of how knowledge is created. Researchers need structures beyond cognition in order to examine and reorganize how information is created and how various disciplines do it differently. At this point, the philosophical dimension of the subject also becomes important. The philosophy of education is in relation to the theory of knowledge of philosophy, and an educational philosophy proposes various views on what constitutes the nature of man, human interests, needs, happiness, and what is good for man. In this sense, it is necessary to determine how knowledge is known in the field of educational management, what tools are used in the production of knowledge, what resources are used, how knowledge is applicable and the accuracy of knowledge. In this context, the problem of accuracy is at least as important as information. True, it is the proposition that corresponds to the truth. Truth, on the other hand, is that which is accepted to exist independently of consciousness and design and is the subject of the correct proposition. The words truth and reality are used interchangeably from time to time. But actually, the two are different things. Reality is a thing or phenomenon that exists in the external world. Therefore it is real. If not, it is not real. Truth is the property of a proposition that is true, and it is a proposition or statement about this thing or phenomenon that exists. Truth refers to the logical relationship between a proposition and a fact. For this reason, it is questioned whether what is true is true, and what is true is true.

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Bilgi Çağında Ülkelerin Uluslararası İmaj İnşası: Araçlar ve Pratikler

Author(s): Yunus Aydoğdu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 34/2024

This study examines the tools and practices of image management in international relations. It emphasizes that in the 21st century, with the influence of globalization, the image of countries has gained importance in the international arena. The aim of the study is to draw attention to the importance of creating a positive international image for countries and managing this image effectively. Conceptually, image and image management are defined, and their roles in international relations are discussed. Among the tools of image management, propaganda is criticized for its one-sided and oppressive structure, while public diplomacy and soft power are considered important for mutual understanding, conveying values, and creating a positive image. The study then examines the practices of image management, such as student exchange programs, hosting international organizations, international broadcasting, language and cultural institutions, international visits, and development aid. These practices provide countries with the opportunity to introduce themselves, convey their values, interact with other societies, and create a positive image. Therefore, the study emphasizes the necessity for countries to approach image management in a rational and sustainable manner. In this regard, the study employs qualitative research methods and evaluates the findings from a historical perspective.

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Upravljanje rizicima specifičnih aspekata snabdevanja kao prediktor uspešnog prevazilaženja aktuelnih globalnih neizvesnosti

Author(s): Veljko Mijušković,Slobodan Aćimović,Ana Todorović Spasenić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2023

The quality management system and the requirements of the ISO 9001 standard emphasize the importance of identifying, evaluating and defining risk management measures in order to generate the achievement of goals in the management of all processes in the company. External risks, dominantly determined by the current economic and geopolitical circumstances, determine both survival and the potential for improving the competitive position. The business practice of the company in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, the crisis in Ukraine and the current global recession crystallized the importance of risk management for successfully overcoming all consequences and realizing the mission, vision and business goals. Establishing efficient and effective risk management is an important predictor of generating success in all areas of management, especially important aspects of supply process, i.e. supplier relationship management, customer relationship management and the entire supply chain management, which is the main topic of analysis within the paper. The paper also partially deals with the analysis of the impact of risk management on reaching the level of business excellence, which is, in the business practice of companies in the conditions of the global recession, crystallized as one of the key competitive advantages.

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Stavovi revizora i menadžera u Bosni i Hercegovini u upotrebi online sastanaka

Author(s): Miloš Grujić,Jelena Poljašević,Saša Čekrlija / Language(s): Bosnian,English Issue: 1/2024

This paper investigates the views and attitudes of Bosnian and Herzegovinian auditors and managers towards various factors influencing remote meetings, specifically focusing on conducting audits via online platforms. The research methodology employs descriptive statistics and regression analysis of data collected through an online questionnaire. The results reveal significant differences in perspectives between auditors and managers. Notably, the surveyed auditors exhibit a greater reluctance towards online meetings. On average, auditors perceive online meetings as less effective than managers, favoring traditional in-person and “face-to-face” audits. Additionally, auditors overwhelmingly agree that frequent online meetings undermine the credibility of the audit process. Compared to managers, auditors find online meetings more fatiguing than in-person interactions. However, auditors largely concur that online meetings offer cost-reduction benefits for audits. The study found no statistically significant differences regarding the impact of remote auditing on auditor performance or workload. Interestingly, while managers lack a clear stance on whether remote auditing disrupts auditor planning, auditors largely agree that it does not. Similarly, while auditors remain somewhat uncertain about the impact of remote auditing on report quality, managers hold a more confident and positive view of this aspect. The research findings hold value for various user groups, including auditors, managers, the academic community, and even the general public.

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Application of crisis management methods and techniques during a seismic sea wave (tsunami)

Author(s): Daniel Chamrada / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Research background: Every year the natural disasters kill or affect millions of people and cause gigantic economic damages. Although it is impossible to eliminate these natural disasters at all, it is possible to mitigate their impacts partly – by effective rescue works implemented in these cases. The impact of these risk events depends on several factors, such as the economic development of the country or locality, and especially on predictability (early warning). Purpose of the article: These activities also include a plan for the deployment of aid distribution centers after a crisis event occurs. The study focuses on the analysis of disaster management events and their development in recent years. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that for perfect organization it is appropriate to determine the location of the relief distribution centers using mathematical methods. Methods: A multiple objective model is proposed to select relief distribution centres and channels. Thanks to the optimization carried out, it can be easier to provide the necessary help in a timely manner, which is reflected in lower losses of life and property. Optimization model contains three minimization objective functions – following (1) the number of distribution centres in total, (2) the number of distribution channels in total and (3) total distance between distribution centres and channels. The model also contains four constraints. Findings & Value added: Based on the investigation and performed normalization of values, it is advisable to minimize the number of distribution channels, as this purpose function provides the best results. The findings can be applied in tsunami-prone areas to reduce the impact of this natural disaster on the number of deaths, the number of people affected, and the costs associated with rescue efforts.

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Exploring the Foundations of Leadership Excellence: A Theoretical Construct Analysis

Author(s): Abeer Wadullah Baker,Zeyad Ali Abbas,Yahya Majeed,Huda Yousif Khattab,Dmytro Khlaponin / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2024

Effective leadership is essential for the success of any organization. However, the notion of excellent leadership is intricate, with diverse theoretical perspectives proposed.This paper aims to analyze three prominent leadership theories, namely transformational, servant, and authentic leadership, through a systematic review of literature. A methodical exploration of peer-reviewed articles was carried out in essential databases to locate literature on the three theories released from 2017 to 2022.Transformational leadership inspires followers through idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and personalized consideration. Servant leadership prioritizes follower interests, serving them first and foremost. Authentic leadership requires self-awareness and relational transparency between leaders and followers.While each theory provides valuable insights, combining elements from all three theories may provide the most comprehensive view of leadership excellence.

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The relationship between organizational climate and organizational commitment in light of the employee empowerment behavior variable during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of the general hospital of Kettar Algeria

Author(s): Hassiba Hadouga / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Research background: Organizational commitment within an organization is usually considered a factor that can positively influence employee behaviour, but not only directly, but also through the organizational climate within the organization. Purpose of the article: Many studies have focused on investigating the relationship of organizational commitment and employee behaviour, as well as by focusing on the relationship between organizational climate and employee behaviour. Therefore, this article also aims to verify the relationship of organizational commitment and organizational climate in light of the employee empowerment behaviour variable for a hospital. The general hospital of Kettar Algeria was selected during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The analysis uses data collected from the General Hospital in Algeria 2019-2020. The relationship between organizational climate and organizational commitment is verified in light of the employee behaviour variable, and the analysis was also done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, to test the existence of a strong relationship between the organizational climate and organizational commitment and employees’ perceptions of empowerment. Through regression analysis and correlation between variables and using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression analysis to test hypotheses. For data analysis in this study, we used PLS with smart PLS version 3.2.7 and version 20. With Smart PLS, two steps were implemented, namely, the scaling model and the structural model. Findings & Value added: The results of the analysis confirm that organizational commitment and organizational climate have a strong impact on the employee behaviour variable as well as other indicators within the organization under study. During the COVID-19 pandemic period, therefore, it is necessary to prepare policies that can enhance worker performance within the organization under study.

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Technological Pedagogical Strategies in the Improvement of Basic Functions and Management of Mathematical Operations

Author(s): Aracelly Fernanda Núñez-Naranjo,José Mora-Rosales / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2024

This study aimed to analyze the contribution of techno-pedagogical strategies in strengthening mastery in mathematical multiplication with students at the basic elementary level in Ecuador. The post-positivist paradigm, quantitative approach, quasi-experimental and comparative design was used, with pre-test and post-test to 4 groups (A, N, B and G) of 30 students each. The first A was the control and the remaining three N, B and G, the experimental ones. During the pre-test, the groups received training through demonstration strategies in the classroom, exercises and teamwork, evaluated with a knowledge test of ten exercises with true and false options. The following week (post-test), group A received reinforcement with the same strategies, while the others received it simultaneously in separate classrooms, with different teachers, using technological strategies based on the tools Nearpod, Blooket and Genially, to be evaluated again using the same strategy. The results indicate that for group A, there were no significant differences between the median scores (p ≥ 0.05) while, in the remaining groups, a significant improvement was observed (p = 0.000), where group B, using the Blooket resource, reflected a greater increase in the median score. It is concluded that these resources can be integrated as pedagogical strategies and significantly favor the mastery of the basic mathematical function in multiplication and specifically with the use of Blooket, highlighting the importance of technological innovation in educational training

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