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Marcuseova teorija oslobođenja i vizija mogućnosti nerepresivne civilizacije prema teorijskim postavkama Sigmunda Freuda

Marcuseova teorija oslobođenja i vizija mogućnosti nerepresivne civilizacije prema teorijskim postavkama Sigmunda Freuda

Author(s): Maroje Višić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2015

This article tries to demonstrate Marcuse’s reception of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. First, a critique of Marcuse and his key notions by some of his prominent critics will be demonstrated. Author also tries to adequately address this critique by offering arguments for its validity or perhaps its ambiguity. The importance of Marcuse’s reception of Freud is in that he complemented Freud’s theory by adding a dimension of differentiating historical epochs. Freud understood repression as a universal principle for civilization development but Marcuse demonstrated that repression is only one part pertaining to the era of material austerity. Through notions of »performance principle« and »surplus-repression« it is possible to think of non-repressive civilization in which labor would be a free activity of liberated individuals.

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Родителски практики и управляемост: естественост, женственост и самодостатъчност на съвременната майка
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Родителски практики и управляемост: естественост, женственост и самодостатъчност на съвременната майка

Author(s): Maria Martinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/2/2015

This article examines contemporary forms and practices of parenthood. The main focus is on mothers who have regular access to Internet, good education and standard of living. The effort to understand new maternal practices goes through the Foucauldian concepts of governmentality and technologies of the self. The fi gure of the mother is discussed both as important for the biopolitical strategies of the modern family and as a main target of different parental suggestions. New practices devoted to the enforcement of child creativity and adaptivity are regarded as a means to achieve relative security and as a part of the process of inheriting social statuses. Empowerment of the mother is discussed as crucial in these forms of governing the self. Three topics are spotlighted as significant for the self-actualization of the mother and for bringing up 'successful'children. The importance of naturality, femininity and self sufficiency and their specific interpretations and correlations are discussed.

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Скица на един принос към изработването на методология за изследване на техниките на биополитическо управление в социалистическите режими и общества
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Скица на един принос към изработването на методология за изследване на техниките на биополитическо управление в социалистическите режими и общества

Author(s): Momchil Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/2/2015

This paper discusses the possibility of applying Foucauldian analytical tools in the study of socialist political regimes and societies. The main argument is that Foucauldian analytics of micro-power relations goes beyond both the totalitarian and revisionist paradigms which focus exclusively on repressive and ideological state apparatuses and see resistance to the regimes as exterior to them. By so doing, both paradigms remain caught in the so-called “repressive hypothesis” accentuating the negative character of power exercised in socialist regimes. Foucault, on the other hand, could give us a more contextualized and complex description of how power relations (and biopolitical techniques in particular) operate positively in concrete historical situations, producing knowledge and truth (not “false consciousness”), groups, individuals, and subjects that function in a constantly unstable (and thus historically changing) conjuncture of forces.

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Social Determinants of the Significance of the Child in a Micro- and Mezosocial Perspective

Social Determinants of the Significance of the Child in a Micro- and Mezosocial Perspective

Author(s): Jacek Kurzępa / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

The author touches upon the subject matter of the rights of a child within the vista of the social conditions in the micro and mezosocial perspective. In the initial part of his considerations he indicates toward the challenges that the ageing society has to face, as well as evokes the phenomenon of love — as not only an ontic value but also biological and demographic. A natural destiny and biology of the body is ageing, we should accept such a natural consequence, which for ages has been difficult and led toward negation and acknowledgement that nature can be cheated, or improved. As a result new offers appear, be it within the scope of medicine (medications that help preserve the potency regardless of the age) and also beauty and plastic surgery, which subjects to correction the natural flabbiness of the skin, its senile spottiness and naturalness. What follows the possibilities and technologies is genetic engineering and modification connected with conception, creating new life, as well as its deprivation (euthanasia). The new possibilities kindle human passion, dream of perpetual youth, deny and disclaim the law of nature. They strengthen these “dreams,” elements of cultural narration, which talk people into recognizing new axiology, accepting every “modality” of the current ethical, moral, legal and customary axioms. What also appears within the scope of the “dreams of eternity” is the necessity of commercializing emotions, interpersonal bonds, using human embryos, organs, exploitation of children and their abuse. In spite of the proclamation of rights and respect toward Human Person, regardless of age, the letter of law and declarations are not a sufficient guarantee to protect and care for children and childhood effectively. In the evoked, numerous examples of destroying the nature of childhood and treating children atrociously, the Author reveals claptrap and ineffectiveness of signatories of manifold documents and declarations on the one hand and touches upon the issue of our individual, personal responsibility for the fate of the youngest ones on the other. He emphasizes, both by generously making use of referred ideas conceived by Saint John Paul II, as well as by referring to Janusz Korczak, or Ellen Key, that the fate of the child is in our, adults’ hands. Therefore, if “our adulthood grows wild,” it is difficult to hope that we will behave properly and accordingly toward those who are weaker, smaller and dependant. In the face of the above, our adulthood, in its humanistic dimension, must continuously become better, more mature and also more beautiful, in order to meet the challenges which we face and which are connected with protecting and caring for the youngest ones.

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Znaczenie edukacji permanentnej w podnoszeniu jakości życia i kwalifikacji zawodowych osób dorosłych z niepełnosprawnością – refleksja ekspercka

Znaczenie edukacji permanentnej w podnoszeniu jakości życia i kwalifikacji zawodowych osób dorosłych z niepełnosprawnością – refleksja ekspercka

Author(s): Łukasz Banaszak,Bartłomiej Skrzyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2015

Lifelong education of disabled adults is the only guarantor of surviving for this specific group in the public life and open work market. What becomes the major aim of lifelong learning is supporting the processes of transition (of societies and economies of EU member states) from the post-industrial era to the era of digital economy and information society. The essence of continuous education is reflected in the best way in the standpoint that it should be considered in the context of lifelong learning (LLL). On the methodological level, the idea of LLL assumes absolute equality of all individuals (regardless the sex, degree of disability, education, age, social class, etc.). The article is an interdisciplinary attempt at answering the question concerning the significance of continuous education for increasing the quality of life and professional qualifications of disabled adults.

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Piketty, ekonomija i sociologija: znanstvena i politička agenda o nejednakosti

Piketty, ekonomija i sociologija: znanstvena i politička agenda o nejednakosti

Author(s): Marko Grdešić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 12/2015

This article considers the work of Thomas Piketty on inequality, with special emphasis on the reception of his ideas in the social sciences. First, a quantitative analysis of the works that cite Piketty’s most important publications examines the reception of Piketty in academic debates. Next, the critiques of Piketty from economics and sociology, two often opposed disciplines that have devoted the most attention to discussing Piketty, are considered. This article supplements existing critiques with additional suggestions that are relevant to both the scientific analysis of inequality and the process of imaging various reforms that could cope with the problem of inequality.

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Genealogia – ikonografia i retoryka pewnej figury epistemologicznej
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Genealogia – ikonografia i retoryka pewnej figury epistemologicznej

Author(s): Sigrid Weigel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

This text portrays the history of genealogy as a history of the concept on the one hand and as the history of a certain scholarly discipline on the other hand. Given the tight relationship between the methods of genealogy and its subject of interest, Weigel leads the reader through the history of European culture, pointing out key moments when the methods of genealogy or the forms of its representation underwent transformation – moments that correspond to historical, social and cultural changes in Europe. The analysis and interpretation of a very popular form of genealogical representation – the family tree – plays an important role in this study.

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Experience of research of social classes in Latvia

Experience of research of social classes in Latvia

Author(s): Vladimir Menshikov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The aim of the paper is to consider the situation with the social class stratification in Latvia. The focus is on the middle social class, due to the significance of this class both for the economic growth and the achievement of the sustainable, long-term development of the country. The subject of sociological research is the formation of class stratification in the region (estimated on the basis of cluster analysis), the main characteristics of the selected clusters based on the analysis of the volumes and structure of total resources and aggregate capital. In the conclusion of the article, the controversial issues of classes in modern societies are analyzed.

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Galia socialinių darbuotojų ir jų vadovų santykiuose

Galia socialinių darbuotojų ir jų vadovų santykiuose

Author(s): Jolita Buzaitytė-Kašalynienė,Birutė Švedaitė-Sakalauskė,Lijana Gvaldaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2016

The aim of the article is to make a contribution to the discourse and research on the power in social work in Lithuania. Power is unfolding in relationships, this is why the relationships between social workers and their managers have been chosen as an object for the study. Based on the results of the survey of Lithuanian social workers, social workers’ reactions to the leadership of their managers are discussed. It was analysed how the strategies of social workers’ action are connected with the subjectively perceived or experienced types of leadership or with the manifestations of managers’ power. It is based on the research “Social Work – Between Dependency and Autonomy” funded by the Lithuanian Council of Science.

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Tautinių stereotipų kaita Lietuvoje pastarąjį dešimtmetį: studijuojančio jaunimo empirinis tyrimas

Tautinių stereotipų kaita Lietuvoje pastarąjį dešimtmetį: studijuojančio jaunimo empirinis tyrimas

Author(s): Dalia Antinienė,Rosita Lekavičienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2016

Presented in this article are the shifts of stereotypical notions on the characteristics of various nations (Lithuanians, Germans, Russians, etc.) in the past decade. The stereotypes formed in the consciousness of Lithuanian students on Lithuanians and foreigners were studied in 2003, 2008 and 2015. A change in national stereotypisation was to be expected during this period due to the changes in political climate and international relations. Results of this study confirm this: the negative stereotype index of Russians has noticeably increased, while the positive index has decreased; stereotypes about the Jewish, having taken into account shifts in positive and negative stereotypes, have been consistently improving during the past decade; etc. The study has also revealed the changes in Lithuanian auto stereotypes: the self-image of the nation has not improved and the signs of lower social activity have become more pronounced.

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Družbene vede, sociologija – predvčerajšnjim, danes, pojutrišnjem – in njihov (Jugoslovanski, Slovenski) družbeni kontekst deset fragmentov in pomembni viri

Družbene vede, sociologija – predvčerajšnjim, danes, pojutrišnjem – in njihov (Jugoslovanski, Slovenski) družbeni kontekst deset fragmentov in pomembni viri

Author(s): Niko Toš / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: PI1/2024

In the essay, the author describes how sociology as a teaching and research-based social science discipline emerged and developed in Slovenia (and Yugoslavia). He shows its initial dogmatic narrowness and gradual development as it became an empirically grounded scientific-cognitive activity. He does this by outlining the transition from the original subject of teaching (at law faculties) in the early 1960s to the conception of study programmes of sociology (department chairs at philosophy faculties, mainly in Belgrade, Ljubljana and Zagreb) and research programmes (the establishing of institutes for social sciences and sociology). The author reveals all the contradictions in the relationship between the ruling politics and sociology, as expressed in the transition from a relationship of opening up, supporting, tolerating and preventing, to a dogmatic blocking of its cognitive activity, autonomous research and bringing critical insights into the public domain.

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Oblikovanje sociološkega poklica v sloveniji skozi prizmo predmetne sestave izobraževalnih programov

Oblikovanje sociološkega poklica v sloveniji skozi prizmo predmetne sestave izobraževalnih programov

Author(s): Ivan Svetlik / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: PI1/2024

Two ways of occupational formation are exposed in the introduction: experiential and conceptual. Experiential formation focuses on the tasks performed in various working environments. Conceptual formation focuses on the operationalisation of concepts and research findings that are also conveyed to future sociologists by means of education. The sociologist has first of all been formed conceptually through education. Analysis of the two dominant educational programmes in sociology in Slovenia reveals two streams: a humanistic-pedagogical one at the Faculty of Arts and a utilitarian, research-oriented one at the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana. The sharpness of this distinction has gradually been blurred. Although sociologists have performed a great variety of tasks, they are seldom rounded up and focused like in other professions.

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ВИРТУАЛЬНАЯ ПЕСОЧНИЦА: ЦИФРОВЫЕ ПРАКТИКИ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МАТЕРЕЙ

ВИРТУАЛЬНАЯ ПЕСОЧНИЦА: ЦИФРОВЫЕ ПРАКТИКИ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МАТЕРЕЙ

Author(s): Anastasia V. Shvetsova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2025

Modern motherhood is structurally and meaningfully different from the experience of mothers of previous generations. The main driving forces behind the changes include both socio-political factors (transformation of gender roles, strengthening of women’s professional positions and understanding of parental care as a special form of social work) and technological solutions (accessible Internet, personal smartphones, social networks and specialized websites and programs). These socio-political factors and technological solutions expand the boundaries of family privacy and allow women to maintain a balance between motherhood and the professional sphere. The purpose of the article is to characterize and analytically comprehend the significance of digital platforms and virtual practices in the lives of modern Russian women with children under the age of three. This age limit is associated, firstly, with the institutional consolidation of the three-year period as a period of priority of maternal functions over labor, and secondly, with the actual full involvement of mothers in the lives of children and maximum concentration on caring for them. Based on the materials of the author’s study (analysis of social networks and communities and conducting an online survey and a series of in-depth interviews), the main practices of young Russian mothers, implemented by them in a virtual environment, are considered: communication and integration into maternal communities; search for information, products and services; representation of motherhood; distance employment and economic activity. The article shows that the interpretation of the meaning of digital maternal practices is complicated by the lack of data on the real everyday life of Russian mothers, as well as the lack of a discursive framework and methodology. This problem also concerns determining the potential and risks of digital maternal practices.

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ЖЕНЩИНА В ХИДЖАБЕ: СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ВЗГЛЯДОВ СТУДЕНЧЕСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ ТАТАРСТАНА

ЖЕНЩИНА В ХИДЖАБЕ: СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ВЗГЛЯДОВ СТУДЕНЧЕСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ ТАТАРСТАНА

Author(s): Adel I. Bayamonte (Sattarova),Rail R. Fakhrutdinov,Ramil V. Kadyrov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2025

The article is devoted to the issue of fostering tolerance among students in the Republic of Tatarstan towards women in Islam who wear hijabs. Based on the results of a sociological survey of university and vocational college students in 2013, 2018 and 2024, the authors concluded that there is a positive trend in students’ views on existing interethnic and interfaith relations in Tatarstan. The further development of favorable ethno-confessional relations in Tatarstan can be facilitated by the participation of young people in various volunteer, international and patriotic projects in Russia and abroad.

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ТРУДОВАЯ ПОМОЩЬ В ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЖЕНСКИХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ КОНЦА ХIХ - НАЧАЛА ХХ в.

ТРУДОВАЯ ПОМОЩЬ В ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЖЕНСКИХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ КОНЦА ХIХ - НАЧАЛА ХХ в.

Author(s): Olga Anatolevna Khasbulatova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2025

The article is devoted to the analysis of one of the areas of activity of women’s organizations in the Russian Empire of the late 19th and early 20th c., which was called “employee assistance”. In terms of the forms and content of social support for women, it went beyond the scope of generally accepted charity. This was not financial assistance. To implement their charitable projects, activists of women’s organizations used the involvement of women in entrepreneurial activities, involving thousands of low-income women. Thanks to employee assistance, activists of the women’s movement helped women become economically independent and acquire a profession. Self-reliance and mutual support in the activities of women’s organizations do not lose their relevance in the modern women’s movement.

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Povezanost između slobodne volje i predrasuda: medijacijska uloga bespredrasudne motivacije

Povezanost između slobodne volje i predrasuda: medijacijska uloga bespredrasudne motivacije

Author(s): Neira Jažić,Nina Hadžiahmetović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2023

In previous studies the belief in free will has been negatively correlated with outgroup prejudice. Also, as a form of behavioral self-control, the motivation to respond without prejudice, which can be external (avoiding public scrutiny) and internal (self-regulatory maintenance), has also been correlated with less prejudice expression. Based on previous research, free will positively correlated with behavioral self-regulation, and in turn self-regulatory processes negatively correlated with prejudice expression. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the relation between free will and prejudices may be explained by the motivation to respond without prejudice. Free will was expected to negatively correlate with prejudice through increased internal and decreased external motivation. The sample comprised 136 students. The Free Will and Determinism Scale, Internal Motivation to Respond without Prejudice Scale, External Motivation to Respond without Prejudice Scale, and Social Distance towards Roma Scale were administered having acceptable Cronbach’s alpha reliability range .57 - .86. Testing the mediation model requirements indicated that free will (IV) positively correlated with internal motivation (MV) a=.29, CI[-.0044,.5751], p= .054, and negatively correlated with social distance (DV) c=-.45, CI[-.7291,-.1790], and internal motivation also negatively correlated with social distance b=-.48, CI[-.6710,-.2980]. As external motivation was not preliminarily correlated either with free will, or social distance, it was excluded from further analysis. The results revealed a marginally significant mediational effect of internal motivation ab=-.13, CI[-.3407, .0095], which reduced, but not eliminated a direct effect between free will and social distance that still remained significant, indicating a partial mediation. In line with expecations, the findings confirmed the association of free will and prejudices, indicating that this relation might presumably be explained through self-regulatory processes (i.e., internal motivation to respond without prejudice). To further test this model, the obtained results should be replicated on a larger sample directly inducing free will.

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Validacija skale stavova prema kolektivno motiviranom nasilju – preliminarna studija

Validacija skale stavova prema kolektivno motiviranom nasilju – preliminarna studija

Author(s): Mersiha Jusić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2023

violence still remains problematic and debated, as a consequence of unclear conceptualization of the concept itself, as well as its overlap with other constructs. Most interdisciplinary conceptualizations differentiate between two not necessarily associated aspects of it, which are acceptance of an ideological frame that justifies violence, and the intention of violent action. Considering the importance of knowledge application in this field, it is especially important to develop empirically validated instruments of radicalization into violence, that would manage to capture the versatility of this phenomenon considering its variations depending on ideological, political, and societal context. Current operationalizations mostly refer to a specific context, a group, and a clearly defined ideology, while rarely acknowledging the general approval of violent action stemming from attachment to a specific collectivity. This article suggests a theoretical and conceptual step toward a more general approach to radicalization into violence, based on theoretical underpinnings regarding collective identity and individual readiness for violent action, which surpasses the aforementioned dilemmas. Additionally, as a consequence of theoretical unequivocalities, there is a lack of validated measurements adapted for the Bosnian language area. Therefore, this study presents a newly created instrument, Collectively Motivated Violence Attitudes Scale, and its preliminary empirical validation on a sample of 735 participants from Bosnia and Herzegovina, aged 16-21 (M=18.72, SD=1.54). The instrument is constituted of eight questions on a 7-point Likert scale. Psychometrical parameters indicate good internal consistency (Cronbach Alpha .88), satisfying discriminative validity with a full range of responses, and adequate item-total correlations. EFA shows two distinct dimensions interpreted as: justification of collectively motivated violence and individual readiness for collectively motivated violence. These two factors explain 68.21% variance in responses.

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Andreas Reckwitz: Družba Singularnosti. O strukturnih spremembah moderne

Andreas Reckwitz: Družba Singularnosti. O strukturnih spremembah moderne

Author(s): Majda Hrženjak / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 105-106/2024

Review of: Andreas Reckwitz: Družba Singularnosti. O strukturnih spremembah moderne. Ljubljana: Založba Krtina, 2023. Prevod: Ana Monika Habjan. 554 str., (ISBN 978-961-260-154-6), 45 EUR.

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Globoka avtomatizacija neenakosti kot samozadosten in samouresničujoč proces: primer binarizma in seksizma

Globoka avtomatizacija neenakosti kot samozadosten in samouresničujoč proces: primer binarizma in seksizma

Author(s): Tadej Praprotnik / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 107/2024

Datafication is simultaneously becoming a means and a goal of modern marketdriven uses of technologies. The optimisation of the “consumer experience” shapes a data-driven consumer subject, which does not encompass all practices and identities. The article aims to problematise datafication, which overlooks complex “citizen experiences” that also include gender and sexual identity. At thesame time, former and existing gender inequalities remain fundamental learning data, based on which algorithms and artificial intelligence generate models of future sociality. We encounter at least three interconnected types of inequality (on the levels of culture, data and technologies) that can create a self-sustaining and self-learning process that reproduces future inequalities.

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Mateja Ratej (ur.), Osebnosti slovenske humanistike in družboslovja

Mateja Ratej (ur.), Osebnosti slovenske humanistike in družboslovja

Author(s): Nina Vodopivec / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 2/2024

Review of: Mateja Ratej (ur.), Osebnosti slovenske humanistike in družboslovja. Ljubljana: Založba ZRC, 2024, 276 str.

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