Zagadnienia etyczne a edukacja polskich menedżerów

Author(s): Łukasz Sułkowski,Grzegorz Ignatowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2016

Research objective: Presentation and analysis of the ethical issues that should be taken into account in education of managers. The research problem and methods: The image of an organization in the future depends on the way managers are educated. Ethics occupies an important place in the educational process. Negative experiences of such a well-known company as ‘Enron’ show that managers’ commitment can have serious economic and social consequences. This refers not only to the collapse of businesses and layoffs of workers but also results in the weakening of interpersonal relations and the reduction of social trust. The article is based on the analysis of subject literature. The process of argumentation: The choice of issues analyzed in the article was dictated by personal experiences of the authors, who regularly deal with the education of managers. In their considerations they refer to major publications, which support the importance of the issues described in the article. Research results: The authors realize that education of managerial staff with the emphasis on ethics does not guarantee the growth of moral standards in business, as the law and local culture influence them as well. In Poland the educational standards in economic areas primarily include specialized subjects related to management and economics. Only several universities offer ethics as a compulsory subject. This state of affairs reveals that the programs emphasize the transfer of professional skills and ignore the moral aspects, which are crucial to efficient business operations of managers. Conclusions, innovations and recommendation: In the authors’ opinion, issues such as the problem of instrumental and dehumanized treatment of employees, the loss of corporate social responsibility, a cooperative approach to problems, a manipulatory attitude towards customers, the practice of unfair competition and the understanding of issues related to environmental protection should be reflected in the curricula for future managers. Without them, it is difficult to talk of permanent existence of enterprises in the demanding market.

Prawne aspekty wsparcia działalności innowacyjnej pracowników naukowych

Author(s): Magdalena Krawczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2016

Research objective: The aim of the article is to identify the attitudes that effectively provide legal support for researchers who are engaged in innovative projects aimed at economic growth and who cooperate with entrepreneurs. The research problem and methods: The problem analyzed in the article is the discrepancy in the interpretation of the basic terms from the field of research and development and the threats to researchers’ intellectual property rights connected with it. By presenting an overview of subject literature, the author analyses the legal aspects of the cooperation between business and science. The process of argumentation: The article presents tools which can be used to protect intellectual property rights in such a way that economic success of universities and entrepreneurs is guaranteed without violating the rights of scientists directly involved in a particular study. Attention is drawn to common practices in which human capital must give way to business and marketing. The article indicates the key role of universities as owners of intellectual property rights – a party to agreements of the transfer of innovation and a representative of the rights of scientists. Research results: This article draws attention to the significance of the implementation of the results of scientific research. Due to differences in the interpretation of the term ‘technology transfer’, the author postulates replacing it with the term ‘innovation transfer’. Conclusions, innovations and recommendations: An increasing number of commercialized results of studies conducted by universities has become an important determinant of competitiveness of universities. Skillful management of the intellectual property rights registered for universities, which helps to effectively transfer innovation, seems particularly important.

Religiosity, conservatism, and value preferences as predictors of attitudes towards science

Author(s): Aleksandra Zajas / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Anti-science attitudes and movements have been attracting more, and more attention of researchers in the past years, especially during the pandemic. Anti-science attitudes can be defined as a dismissal of established, and empirically confirmed scientific facts for reasons that are not scientifically grounded. Previous research in social psychology has consecutively shown that this phenomenon can be predicted much better by ideological, and worldview variables than by education level. The aim of this research was to examine the role of religiosity, political orientation (conservatism), and individual value preferences in predicting four attitudes towards science, i.e.: climate change denialism, vaccination skepticism, anti-evolutionism, and general positive belief in science. The study was carried out according to the quantitative research paradigm. Hierarchical regression analysis was applied to test the predictive power of each independent variable. For each dependent variable a 3-step regression analysis was carried out, with age as control variable added in step 1, religiosity, and conservatism added in step 2, and 12 values preferences in step 3. The highest correlation could be observed between religiosity, political conservatism, anti-evolutionism, and Tradition value preference. The strongest negative correlations appeared between Universalism, and Power preference, as well as between belief in science, and anti-evolutionism. Conservatism was a positive predictor of climate change denialism, and Universalism preference predicted it negatively. Vaccine skepticism regression analysis did not bring any significant results. Anti-evolutionism was influenced by religiosity, and conservatism, as well as a lower preference of Security, Conformity, and Universalism values. Belief in science was positively predicted by Security preference, and negatively predicted by religiosity, and Tradition preference.

A tale of reviews in two history of science journals

Author(s): Richard L. Kremer / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2021

This paper examines the role of book reviews in the discipline of the history of science by comparing their appearance in two periodicals, Isis, the flagship journal of the discipline that was founded in 1913, and the Journal for the History of Astronomy, founded in 1970 to serve a newly emerging, specialized subfield within the broader discipline.Our analysis of the reviews published in selected slices of time finds differing norms and reviewing practices within the two journals. Despite important changes during the past century in the conceptualization of the history of science and its research methods, reviewing practices in Isis remained remarkably consistent over time, with reviewers generally defending a fixed set of norms for “good” scholarship. More change appears in reviews of the Journal for the History of Astronomy, as its audience shifted from a mix of the laity, working astronomers, and historians to a specialized group of professional historians of astronomy. Scholarly norms, reflected in the reviews, shifted with these changes in readership.We conclude that book reviews offer rich sources for analyzing the evolution of scholarly disciplines and norms.

Od Redaktora

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (255)/2023

Konferencja Naukowa Współczesne Media 14. Dziennikarstwo w czasach kryzysów, UMCS, Lublin, 20–21 kwietnia 2023 r.

Author(s): Weronika Saran / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 (255)/2023

Gender Differences in the Mediterranean Diet and Body Mass Index (BMI) in High School Students

Author(s): Vjosa Zhubaj,Daniela Shukova Stojmanovska,Georgi Georgiev,Jasmina Plunčević Gligorska,Abdulla Elezi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This research was conducted on a sample of 200 respondents (N = 129 males and N = 71 females) aged 17–18 years, divided into four groups: 17-year-old males (N = 66), 18-year-old males (N = 63), 17-year-old females (N = 44), and 18-year-old females (N = 27). Four variables were applied in the research: height, weight, body mass index, and KIDMED index, calculated on the basis of a 16-question questionnaire on Mediterranean diet. So, if the KIDMED index has a value of ≤ 3, it is considered a very low value, which shows that the Mediterranean diet has been incorporated scarcely. The optimal values of the KIDMED index are 4–7, and if the value reaches ≥ 8, it is considered high. BMI (body mass index) is a variable extracted from the height and weight; in this case, it was calculated separately for each student and, according to its values, the students were divided into ones with normal weight, overweight, or obese. The Mediterranean diet index had the lowest value in male students aged 17 years (KIDMED = 7,85), which was close to the high values, but there was no statistically significant difference between the four groups of students included in the research, because they had similar values (KIDMED above 8,00). There was no statistically significant difference in the BMI between the groups, probably because all of them had normal weight and a similar BMI (20–22).

Strengthening Cooperation between the Civilian and Military Sectors In the Context of State Security: Benefits and Challenges

Author(s): Rostyslav Shchokin,Oleksii V. SOLOVIOV,Ihor TANTSIURA / Language(s): English Issue: 83/2023

The unleashing of the Russian Federation’s unprovoked and unprecedented war against Ukraine has led to significant risks, threats, and dangers in the socio-political and socio-economic spheres. The prevention and counteraction of these threats and dangers require strengthening state security and establishing close cooperation between the civilian and military sectors. The above indicates the chosen research topic’s exceptional relevance and grounds its advanced study’s expediency. This study aims to identify the issues of interaction between the civilian and military sectors in the context of state security and find ways to strengthen this interaction in the context of current challenges and dangers. General scientific methods of economic analysis and scientific knowledge form the methodological basis of the research. These methods include system analysis, synthesis, scientific abstraction, comparison, analogy, functional system approach, classification, graphical method, generalization, and systematization. The study findings show that the problems of interaction between the civilian and military sectors in the context of state security became particularly acute during the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. They have significantly intensified after its full-scale invasion in 2022 and threaten the system of ensuring peace and security on a global scale. The authors have found that strengthening the interaction between the civilian and military sectors will enhance the defense capabilities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and their ability to withstand the war challenges. The greatest need for civil-military cooperation has been identified in such regions of Ukraine as Dnipro, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Kherson, and Mykolaiv. Moreover, it has been found that the largest volumes of humanitarian aid and civil defense are directed to meet food and subsistence needs ($236.2 million), as well as to cover the costs of housing and non-food items ($143.1 million). The authors prove the necessity of adhering to the principles of military mission priority when civilian and military sectors interact to accomplish their tasks. The main directions for strengthening the interaction between the civilian and military sectors have been proposed. They include adopting the experience of civil-military relations units in NATO peacekeeping operations, improving the national system of civil-military relations and the structure of civil and military sector authorities, as well as ensuring the formation of appropriate conditions for the rapid achievement of goals during military operations.

The Gen Z’s Digital Payment Loyalty in Indonesia

Author(s): Raden Johnny HADI RAHARJO / Language(s): English Issue: 83/2023

Indonesia stands as a colossus in the digital payment frontier, boasting the largest market in Southeast Asia with a staggering 92 million users in 2020 alone and a transaction value eclipsing 18.7 billion US dollars. It’s within this vibrant backdrop that our research unravels the enigma of Gen Z, the digital-native cohort swiftly commandeering these platforms. Riding the wave of e-Wallet domination, with over 70 service providers and an impressive 104 million users, our findings dive deep into the pulsating core of Gen Z’s behaviors. At the intersection of culture and commerce, we discover that cultural nuances, notably acceptance of inequality and collectivism, significantly sculpt their brand allegiance. Concurrently, a superior customer experience emerges as a pivotal anchor for their loyalty. Yet, the shimmering digital horizon reveals disparities: a discernible gender imbalance and concerning gaps in financial literacy among these young consumers. For forward-thinking businesses, the clarion call is unmistakable: to triumph in the Indonesian market, one must deftly navigate its cultural tapestry, elevate customer experiences, and champion financial literacy. This study doesn’t just decode the Gen Z phenomenon in Indonesia but illuminates the roadmap for businesses to thrive in the heart of Southeast Asia’s digital payment behemoth.

Thomas Kuhn, Stefan Amsterdamski, and the Cycles of Scientific Development

Author(s): Anna Martin-Michalska / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2023

In his most seminal work, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Thomas S. Kuhn advances a notion that science is embedded in historically contingent constellations of practices and ideas. In this view, history is part and parcel of science. Science develops by transforming that, which it emerges from – a theme later picked up by Polish philosopher of science, Stefan Amsterdamski. Kuhn also noticed important parallels between psychological and historical development. These insights have led him to the conclusion that what scientists do and what the science does are two different things. Scientific development is discontinuous in the sense that it cannot be measured by any external standard. Science is therefore its own judge. This paper identifies critical shortcomings of Kuhn’s theory of psychological development, which most affect his vision of scientific development. Subsequently, the problem of development is recast in terms of dynamic system theory or embodied cognition. The ensuing insights are organized into a cyclical model, with two main trajectories: one creative, the other generative. It is argued that the cyclical approach permits to overcome the dualisms, which plagued Kuhn’s original account (engagement versus criticism, creativity versus rule-following, etc.) and to further develop Amsterdamski’s idea that absent universal norms or standards, criticism and rationality are nonetheless possible.

Регионално развитие и културни коридори: теоретични и методологически аспекти

Author(s): Vesselin Panov Loulanski / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the relationship between regional development, tourism, and cultural corridors in particular; the methodology of researching this relationship, and presents an author's scheme for tourism planning pillars for the purposes of regional development.

СПАСЯВАНЕ НА МОРЕ – ОПЕРАЦИИ ПО ТЪРСЕНЕ И ОЦЕЛЯВАНЕ

Author(s): Radostin Dolchinkov,Kamen Seymenliyski,Ivan Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

For centuries, people around the world have risked their lives boarding unseaworthy ships and other watercraft in hopes of finding a better economic future, education, or fleeing war. Search and rescue services often depend on ships to assist those in distress deep in the sea. This first response and assistance is sometimes crucial to the survival of those in distress. In addition to sound and light signals, alarm notification is also carried out using modern communication technologies. This allows rapid and coordinated rescue operations to be carried out. Too often, however, search and rescue operations are impossible with the efforts of one country alone. In this sense, it should be noted that international cooperation is of key importance.

Wellbeing of Students from Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Schools

Author(s): Stefan COJOCARU,Aura ȚABĂRĂ / Language(s): English Issue: 84/2024

This article presents data of a quantitative study that aimed to analyze the specifics of the wellbeing of students in disadvantaged secondary schools. A total of 1579 students of gymnasium level from 27 disadvantaged schools in Iasi County, Romania, participated in a survey conducted using the Adolescent Wellbeing Scale (EPOCH). Findings illustrate that pupils from disadvantaged schools have a low level of wellbeing, with different characteristics depending on the gender, age, environment and the level of disadvantage of the school. Results indicate that students from disadvantaged schools are satisfied with their life, develop positive interpersonal relationships, show indifference to involvement in activities and easily abandon their goals. This study confirms the importance of analyzing students' wellbeing to identify educational strategies that allow schools to be more effective from the perspective of reducing the level of violence and decreasing the level of student demotivation, problems that educational systems face nowadays.

Effectiveness Study on Mind Mapping Approach to Students’ Operation Position Performance and Creativity on Traditional Chinese Painting

Author(s): Wei SHI,Xian Ping MENG / Language(s): English Issue: 84/2024

Under current diplomaism, students’ painting ability is cultivated, but the creativity development is restricted. Students mainly learn painting skills that technique training is mostly emphasized. To improve such a problem, it is necessary to build the operation position performance ability and the value and attitude towards creativity, cultivate creativity with multiple intelligences as the structure, stress on the creativity process and taking pressure in the experience, and integrate creativity into course teaching. Using experimental design model for this study, 202 art major students of a university in China, as the experimental subjects, are preceded the 18-week (2 hours per week for total 36 hours) experimental teaching research. The research results show that 1.mind mapping approach would positively affect operation position performance, 2.mind mapping approach would positively affect creativity, and 3.operation position performance shows significant and positive effects on creativity. According to the results to propose discussions, it is expected to provide students with the learning strategy of creative thinking through teachers’ teaching model, cultivate students’ operation position performance and creativity on traditional Chinese painting with the system structure and divergent thinking of mind mapping symbolism, as well as actually apply to the artistic creation of traditional Chinese painting.

The Impact of Class Climate on College Students’ Individual Learning Effectiveness in Xi’an City: A Study with Learning Motivation as the Mediator

Author(s): Zhen WANG,Jiali WANG / Language(s): English Issue: 84/2024

This study investigated the interplay between the class climate, learning motivation, and learning effectiveness among college students in Xi’an, China. The participants of this study were college students in Xi’an, and the data were collected through the convenience sampling method. Out of the 560 distributed questionnaires, 541 valid responses were collected. The collected data were analyzed through item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analysis. The results revealed that there was no significant difference in class climate, learning motivation, and learning effectiveness regarding gender, while grade level demonstrated significant differences in these dimensions. In addition, in the linear regression analysis, class climate, learning motivation, and learning effectiveness all showed significant positive correlations in that class climate and learning motivation had a significant positive impact on learning effectiveness. Within the mediator model including class climate, learning motivation, and learning effectiveness, it was observed that learning motivation exerted a partial mediating effect on the relationship between class climate and learning effectiveness.

Talent Incentive Policy of Chinese High-tech Enterprises from the Perspective of Industrial Informatization Intervention

Author(s): Zhangzhong HUANG,Yaoping LIU,Bijie LI / Language(s): English Issue: 84/2024

Priority development of education is the fundamental guarantee for the construction of high-level talent highlands. Technological self-reliance and self-improvement are strategic support for the construction of high-level talent highlands, and talent innovation guidance is the intrinsic driving force for the construction of high-level talent highlands. The construction of a high-level talent highland in the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area requires the integration of innovative elements that connect the “education chain, technology chain, and talent chain”. It is necessary to build a three-dimensional integrated spatial architecture of “education technology talent”. We need to build a community that integrates “education highland, technology highland, and talent highland”. Accelerating the construction of high-level talent highlands in the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area requires the construction of a highland for scientific and technological innovation talents, a highland for technical and skilled talents, and a highland for scientific and technological finance talents. Based on this, this article selected 399 listed high-tech enterprises in the Greater Bay Area as the research objects, and conducted multiple regression on the relevant data of sample enterprises from the perspective of property rights heterogeneity from 2018 to 2021 to reveal which open innovation model can effectively solve specific situational problems faced by enterprises. The multi role matching mechanism can effectively improve the performance of new product development and its market competitive advantage of enterprises, as well as how the nature of property rights affects the relationship between open innovation strategies and new product development performance of enterprises. The research results show that, firstly, open innovation between enterprises is beneficial for the precise improvement of product development performance by high-level talents in enterprises. Secondly, open innovation in industry, academia, and research is beneficial for improving talent performance in enterprises, but its effect is weaker than that of open innovation between enterprises. Enterprises focus more on the open innovation model between enterprises.

Criteria and Factors of Psychological Health of an Individual in the Conditions of Professional Activity Online

Author(s): Hanna YURCHYNSKA,Ivanna ANANOVA,Marinina VITALIIA,Oleksandr BILOUS / Language(s): English Issue: 84/2024

Since 2020, there has been a noticeable rise in the prevalence of online work. The catalyst for this shift was the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which was subsequently followed by a state of war. These circumstances compelled numerous individuals to acquire proficiency in the latest information technologies to retain their employment or seek new opportunities. The convergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war has heightened several risk factors associated with compromised mental well-being within the realm of professional activities. This circumstance remains true for educators across all educational levels, spanning from primary school to tertiary education. As with any phenomenon, both favorable and unfavorable facets can be discerned. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive description of the primary factors influencing the psychological well-being of individuals engaged in professional work in an online mode. It meticulously investigates the dual-edged sword of online work, accentuating the necessity for a balanced approach to remote employment. It emphasizes the critical need for adaptive measures and support systems to harness the benefits of remote work while minimizing its psychological detriments. By exploring the intersection of technological advancements and psychological health, this research sheds light on the complex dynamics at play, advocating for a more nuanced understanding and strategic interventions to ensure the well-being of professionals navigating the digital work landscape.

Psychological Support of Internally Displaced Persons in Ukraine and Emigrants Abroad: Challenges of Wartime

Author(s): Iryna OVDIIENKO,Oleksandra BRUKHOVETSKA,Tatyana CHAUSOVA,Liudmyla VERBYTSKA,Lesia INZHYIEVSKA,Olena GOROVA / Language(s): English Issue: 84/2024

In the context of war, providing timely psychological support is crucial for internally displaced persons in Ukraine and emigrants abroad. This kind of assistance is considered a priority for individuals who have recently experienced traumatic events and are in a vulnerable psychological state. The article is focused on identifying mental health problems among individuals who have been temporarily displaced or emigrated abroad during the war. It aims to improve the toolkit for providing psychological support to these populations. The study analyses the specific challenges associated with providing psychological support to these individuals. Forced resettlement to another region or country, combined with the prolonged impact of information stress, air raids, and the loss of a normal way of life, has been shown to contribute to the development of psychological disorders at both emotional and behavioural levels. The article focuses on the specificity of manifestations of prolonged stress, which can take the form of severe anxiety and excessive worry, as well as unpredictable outbursts of anger. It is widely accepted that physical stress can cause symptoms such as muscle pain, chronic fatigue, rapid heartbeat, and increased irritability. The physical aspects of stress, when combined, can have a detrimental effect on a person's personality and negatively impact their psychological well-being. This paper defines the complexity levels of mental disorders and outlines their factoriality. Factors such as age, involvement in the emergency (as a witness, participant, or directly affected), personal life experience, psychological health, and interpersonal relationships are considered. A conceptual approach is proposed for providing first psychological aid to the studied population categories. This includes providing emotional, physical, and social support to the affected individual, enhancing their sense of security. The practical significance of the research results lies in their potential application in the development, improvement, and implementation of psychological support programs for internally displaced persons in Ukraine and emigrants abroad in wartime conditions.

Psychological Attribution and Policy Intervention Pathway Analysis of Low Carbon Consumption Behavior of Consumers

Author(s): Miao HAN / Language(s): English Issue: 84/2024

Currently, research in the field of shared consumption mainly focuses on analyzing the factors influencing consumer behavior. Although some studies involve individual psychological factors, most of these studies focus on some variables and lack completeness, and few scholars attempt to explain the gap between willingness and behavior. In previous studies on government regulation and governance of the sharing economy, scholars often overlooked the connection between policy intervention factors and individual behavior attribution, resulting in a lack of effectiveness and persistence in the policy intervention path and strategic effects of sharing consumption behavior. This article explores the psychological attribution of low-carbon consumer behavior and analyzes the path of policy intervention. Through literature review and empirical research, this article finds that consumer low-carbon consumption behavior is influenced by various psychological factors, such as environmental awareness, social responsibility, moral concepts, etc. Meanwhile, policy intervention plays an important role in promoting low-carbon consumer behavior. This article proposes specific paths for policy intervention, including raising public environmental awareness, guiding enterprises to assume social responsibility, and strengthening policy supervision.

On Attitudes towards Language

Author(s): Sanja D. Miketić Subotić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2024

The aim of the paper is to present theoretical observations about attitudes towards language through the prism of social psychology and from a sociolinguistic point of view by reviewing the basic terms, perspectives, and research of theoretical and methodological significance for this area of sociolinguistics. At the same time, we will present their usual methodological framework and the importance of research.