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"По-русски говорите": сообщение информации и обратная связь во взаимодействии врача-генетика и Пациента

Author(s): Aleksandr Shirokov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of interactions between geneticists and patients through the perspectives of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. The focus of the research is on how geneticists deliver medical information to their patients and how patients are involved in this process. The primary data are audio recordings and ethnographic observations of genetic counseling sessions conducted in July–December 2018. The study also uses materials from interviews with geneticists and from genetics textbooks that deal with issues of patient-provider communication. The author criticizes some features characteristic of the research on “information delivery” in a medical context. First, such studies are often one-sided: although they analyze how the patient understands information and what it means to him/her, the patient is represented as a passive recipient of information. This article, conversely, argues that the patient is also an active participant in the process of formulating information through various kinds of promptings, clarifications, and responses. Thus, communication of information is a joint achievement of doctor and patient. Secondly, when analyzing information delivery, various expressions, for example, “yes,” “aha,” “ooh,” and such, are considered signals of epistemic status change in conversation analysis. That is, it is assumed that these are signals that the recipient has received the information and understood the message. The question of which part of the message the recipient understood is hardly addressed. This article highlights a specific feature of the interaction between geneticist and patients: the difficulty of achieving mutual understanding. For the doctor, a description of the patient’s condition and his/her diagnosis is “packed” into abstract medical concepts, the explanation of which is problematic during the consultation process. Hence the difficulty of reaching an understanding, which happens either when the doctor himself/ herself begins to use everyday language or when the patient begins to ask for clarification in everyday language (although this can lead to tension). Using medical terms, the doctor gives a report, but it does not explain everything to the patient, and because of the problematic nature of the demonstration of misunderstanding, the patient has almost no way to tell the doctor about it.

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(INTER)AKTIVNA NASTAVA ISLAMSKE VJERONAUKE – NOVI PRISTUP UČENJU

Author(s): Hikmet Hekić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 76/2018

Considering variety of pedagogical approaches and methods of educational and upbringing activities in the teaching class of the Islamic religious studies a question comes to mind: Should we persist on approach and method that is primarily oriented towards the content or should we support the approach and the method that is oriented towards students? Contemporary pedagogical theory and practice often point out the weaknesses and deficiencies of classical approach and organisation of teaching process and it stresses upon the need to make improvements therein underlining the necessity to create a contemporary teaching technique that is based upon material and technical possibilities of educational and upbringing institutions and upon capabilities of students. In order to make improvement in education and upbringing process it is needed, among other things, to create methods of learning and teaching that develops freedom and independence in students that will, in turn, enable them to creatively partake in the process end reach solutions for adopting the teaching content on their own. This requires a research study of characteristics and efficiencies of innovative teaching methods. Further, the empirical findings of this study should then be applied in order to create bases for the new methods. This article studies possibilities and the scope for innovation within teaching Islamic religious studies using the (inter)active teaching methods and new approaches to learning that can be built upon rigid, traditional teaching forms, with aim to establish adequate basic processing qualities in the process of adopting information, skills, practices and attitudes that are inspired by religious teachings.

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(Pa)Siguritë identitare në hulumtimet e sotme etnologjike

(Pa)Siguritë identitare në hulumtimet e sotme etnologjike

Author(s): Lumnije Kadriu / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 1/2019

In ethnology as a discipline, like in other human disciplines in general, can benoticed numerous insecurities since they have as their object concepts such as human, society, culture, people, traditions, and so on, which are not only extensive but also fluidand changeable across time and space; therefore, in a permanent process. Professional insecurity increases when considering the extension of the concept of ethnology in Europe as a result of its anthropologisation, as well as increased preference of multidisciplinarity in general.In this paper I will present my experience during the research of "Practicing holidays of Kosovo Albanian diaspora", which was accompanied by a series of methodological and theoretical uncertainties related to different concepts: tourism, ethnoturism, diaspora, etc. but also with the issue of anthropology at home and its presentation both abroad and within the country. Besides it was also associated with the non-existential scientific interpretation of identity which goes beyond the earlier tradition in the country and beyond, and the problem of finding mainly essentialist essays and interpretations on the ground.

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(Re)construction, (Re)evaluation, or (Re)interpretation of the Past: What Happens When the Past Meets with the Present?

(Re)construction, (Re)evaluation, or (Re)interpretation of the Past: What Happens When the Past Meets with the Present?

Author(s): Lukáš Makky / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2020

The image of the ancient past represents just a fragment. When we stand in front of such an image, we are standing in front of time. This text reflects the possibilities of aesthetic evaluation of ancient artifacts with the emphasis on the contextual perception of received phenomena. The defining concept of context is based on Jan Mukařovsky’s approach. The aim of the paper is also to present aesthetic interpretation as a regular method of verifying prehistoric artifacts.

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(Re)presenting the University of Bucharest in the Media. Fundamental Approach to the  Process of Academic Leadership

(Re)presenting the University of Bucharest in the Media. Fundamental Approach to the Process of Academic Leadership

Author(s): Viorica Aura Päu,Adriana Ştefănel / Language(s): English / Issue: 19/2014

The aim of this paper is to integrate the quantitative content analysis methodology into the broader perspective of the social representation theory, in the attempt to illustrate the manner in which the mediated social representation of an institution can be included in an effective communication strategy.

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(НЕ)НАУЧНА КРИТИКА ЈЕДНОГ НЕСОЦИОЛОГА

(НЕ)НАУЧНА КРИТИКА ЈЕДНОГ НЕСОЦИОЛОГА

Author(s): Slobodan Vukičević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3/2009

Своју „научну“ критику насловљену „Поводом једног амбициозног али неуспелог покушаја унапређивања методологије друштвених наука“, мог чланка „Социолошко установљење ‚нормативне чињенице’“ (Социологија 2002, 4), а коју објављује Социолошки преглед 2009. у бр.1, на дупло већем броју страница него што је критиковани рад, Д. Јаковљевић започиње критиком Војина Милића и Михаила Марковића због недовољног залагања „на плану стварања стручног подмлатка, тј. благовремене смене генерација“.

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„Tulburările scolastice” de la Iași (septembrie 1857 – februarie 1858). Excurs metodologic și documentar

„Tulburările scolastice” de la Iași (septembrie 1857 – februarie 1858). Excurs metodologic și documentar

Author(s): Leonidas Rados,Maria Rados / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: XIII/2021

In the Autumn of 1857, the educational environment of Moldavia has been highly disturbed by a fierce conflict between the Transylvanian A. T. Laurian, the general school inspector (backed up by the School Council), and a large part of the educational staff of the Iași public schools. The first one had been accused by the teachers of overly violent behavior including insults, threats and constantly exerting pressure. That has led over 17 teachers to step down in 1857 and to ask for Laurian’s resignation, in order to come back to their jobs. Amongst them were mostly teachers at the elite schools (Normal School, Gymnasium, and Law Faculty). The Ministry of Public Instruction got involved, and discreetly supported the teachers, making it known that the offending language used by Laurian (and the School Council), nor the disrespect towards the higher authorities, were not to be tolerated. The ruler Vogoride has assigned a special committee, albeit with no results, because of the teacher’s refusal to agree on anything less than Laurian’s removal. The case had reached Moldavia’s Administrative Council which suggested the sanctioning of the protesting teachers and Laurian’s demission for offensive conduct. Surprisingly enough, Vogoride declined the proposal and proceeded to sanction both sides with a warning. Nevertheless, he allowed Laurian to maintain his position and asked for the protesters to quickly return to their jobs. Since new educators were assigned instead. The whole situation became even more complicated a few weeks later when the students at the Gymnasium Boarding School decided to revolt against their unsatisfactory living conditions. Moreover, the educational system was in shambles, given the fact that a lot of classes were taught by substitute teachers. Following, one of Laurian’s associates had been beaten by students, which lead to the residents leaving the boarding school, which was closed. A new committee had been assigned by the ruler to identify the reasons for the students' revolt against the system and to put forward measures for re-establishing order and restoring an appropriate school climate. On the 24th of January, the committee presented its report. It said that one of the main causes was the removal of the teachers, both locals and Transylvanians, and asked for a new committee to reform the system. Laurian and his associates (Al. Papiu Ilarian, Gh. Giușcă, M. Alboteanu, Iosif Patriciu) resigned and the contesters had been reinstalled in their positions, which allowed the system to restart. For this investigation, we used resources such as autobiographies, articles, press releases, and published correspondence (including the letters written by Laurian’s group). But our main source for this investigation consists of unedited archive documents, out of which we have selected 62 of the most relevant ones and published them at Annexes. In the scientific literature, “the scholastic disorders” in Iasi have been interpreted in two ways. The first one considered a conflict between the local teachers and those coming from Transylvania; this had proven to be a misunderstanding, caused by a mistakenly published document of V. A. Urechia in his masterwork History of Schools, which we address in this study. The second key to interpretation relies on the political fights between the unionists and the anti-unionists, which could stand base for the conflict. According to this one, the teachers had been constantly manipulated by the intriguing “genius” anti-unionists such as N. Istrati, Gh. Asachi, and Vogoride itself. However, this interpretation is reductionist, and the documentary base is weak: it almost exclusively consists of a series of letters written by Laurian and Papiu Ilarian, his close collaborator. In one of these documents, named The Violent Debate by the one whom it was addressed to (G. Barițiu), Laurian’s group’s own version of the scholastic scandal is presented. Moreover, this manner of interpretation originates in the sphere of political history analysis, although in the absence of specific tools, vital when pursuing the history of education. It is not by chance that our study also has an important methodological component. Even taking account of the political polarization of the teachers, we consider that the eruption of the “scholastic disorders” was mainly a cause of Laurian’s violent behavior. Otherwise a competent scholar with good intentions, the general school inspector became “an impossible man” due to his highly conflictual nature that aroused many dislikes over the years. Also relevant for the genesis of a critical mass against Laurian are his linguistic exaggerations, given his attempts to re-Latinize the Romanian language, implicitly getting rid of any Slavic remaining; he purposefully started to change even some toponyms in his textbooks, a practice that was perceived as an insult to the local history and traditions.

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12-14 Yaş Grubu Tenis Ve Basketbol Sporcularinin Sürekli Dikkat Becerilerinin Karşilaştirmasi

12-14 Yaş Grubu Tenis Ve Basketbol Sporcularinin Sürekli Dikkat Becerilerinin Karşilaştirmasi

Author(s): Bülent DURAN / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 53/2022

Attention is an indispensable part of life and we continously with it all the time. Attention is a selective behaviour against to a special item among lots of stimulant around. Present researches of attention mostly studied with children and about attention deficit disorder. In this study we aimed to compare attention skills of tennis player and basketball player children. Participants of this study are 218 children containing 92 female and 126 male children from Istanbul. Data analysed with SPSS and appropriate statistical tests. Statistical mean accepted as (p < .05). According to results of the research, tennis player children showed more attention skills compared to basketball player cohort. Gender differences didn’t show any statistical meaning (p > .05). As a conclusion basketball player children have higher attention skills than tennis player children also gender differences have no effects on this observation.

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15 Challenges in Supporting Disadvantaged Children’s Access to Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Experience of a Romanian Nonprofit Organization
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15 Challenges in Supporting Disadvantaged Children’s Access to Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Experience of a Romanian Nonprofit Organization

Author(s): Simona Alexa,Elena Loreni Baciu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Due to the crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the vulnerability of the children from families with disadvantaged backgrounds increased, and the risk of their exposure to poverty heightened. The subsequent closure of schools brought also an increased risk for their school dropout, since their parents’ financial and educational resources were not sufficient to assist them in keeping up with the requirments of an online education. The intervention of organizations providing educational support activities for disadvantaged children was crucial in assisting them to remain engaged in education and prevent school dropout. However, due to external factors such as the re-orientation of sponsors to health programs and the rapidly shifting regulations imposed by the central authorities on educational and schooling activities, these interventions did not go smoothly. On the contrary, the nonprofits providing educational support programs to disadvantaged children encountered many challenges along the way, during this very short period of time. In the current paper, based on the case-study of a Romanian organization providing educational support services to vulnerable children, we propose an incursion into the 15 challenges it faced during the pandemic, in its effort to continue assisting children from socially and economically vulnerable groups to remain engaged in education during the pandemic. This examination also reveals the measures and strategies employed by the organization to overcome these challenges.

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2005-2015 Yillari İtibariyle Seçilmiş Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Çerçevesinde Doğrudan Yabanci Yatirim-Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisinin Panel Veri Analizi

2005-2015 Yillari İtibariyle Seçilmiş Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Çerçevesinde Doğrudan Yabanci Yatirim-Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisinin Panel Veri Analizi

Author(s): Selin Ayaz / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 35/2017

The world has entered a period of intense globalization, especially after the 1980s. After this process, international economic, political and cultural relationships have increased. The biggest impact of globalization on the economy has been the increase in foreign direct investments. In this study, the effects of foreign direct investment on developing country economies were tried to be analyzed by panel data analysis. Economic growth has been affected foreign direct investments in the negative direction, foreign direct investments have been affected fixed capital investments in the positive direction have been achieved by this study for the base period.

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2018 FEN BİLİMLERİ DERSİ ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMINA YÖNELİK ÖĞRETMEN GÖRÜŞLERİ

2018 FEN BİLİMLERİ DERSİ ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMINA YÖNELİK ÖĞRETMEN GÖRÜŞLERİ

Author(s): Esra Saraç,Mehmet Selim Yıldırım / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2019

In this study, it was aimed to reveal the opinions of the class teacher sand the branch teachers who gave the course of science for the renewed science curriculum in 2018. In this study was used phenomenological is one of the qualitative research designs. The criterion sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used in the study group of this research. The study group consists of 4th grade teachers who attend science classes in primary school and science teachers in secondary schools. Focus group interview method was used to collect research data. Interview form was created for use in focus group interview. The data obtained in there search were analyzed by content analysis method. As a result of the study, it was seen that teachers’ opinions about the renewed science curriculum were generally positive. However, it was seen that teachers experienced some problems in achieving the objectives of the program in practice. One of the most important results of the study is the difficulties in applications related to science, engineering and entrepreneurship, which is one of the most important innovations of the current program.

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360 DERECE PERFORMANS DEĞERLEME YÖNTEMİ İLE PERFORMANS DEĞERLEME: BANKA ŞUBESİ ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNDE NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

360 DERECE PERFORMANS DEĞERLEME YÖNTEMİ İLE PERFORMANS DEĞERLEME: BANKA ŞUBESİ ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNDE NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Author(s): Aras Doğan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 42/2019

This study focuses on how the key competencies of employees are evaluated using 360 degree performance evaluation system. 360 degree performance appraisal of employees is evaluated not only from superiors but also from himself, subordinates, peers and customers. The main aim of this study is to evaluate six key competencies acknowledged by 360 degree performance evaluation system. With this purpose semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight bank branch employees and the data were arranged and interpreted by means of descriptive analysis. The findings show that seven employees’s performance is above the desired level. But one employee’s performance is below desired level. It is believed that this research will contribute qualitative performance evaluation using 360 degree performance evaluation process.

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5S Method in the Management of Product Flows in Warehouse in Manufacturing Company

5S Method in the Management of Product Flows in Warehouse in Manufacturing Company

Author(s): Agnieszka Piasecka-Głuszak / Language(s): English / Issue: 8.2/2017

Skill of application of particular principles of 5S method organizes supports and streamlines the processes taking place at a given workstation, influences effective organization and elimination of waste occurring during the flow of products from the time of acceptance to warehouse up to delivery to production lines. The aim of this article is to present the results of a survey conducted among employees of the Logistics Department about the knowledge of 5S method, its applications, benefits and difficulties in use in the flow of materials and components in the manufacturing company’s warehouse. The article consists of two parts, theoretical and empirical. The first presents the essence and structure, the stages of 5S and the second describes the use of 5S, the results of a survey conducted among employees about the knowledge of 5S in management of warehouse of manufacturing company and a sample warehouse audit card.

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8. Sınıf Merkezi Sınavlardaki Matematik Sorularının TIMSS-2015 Bilişsel Alanlarına Göre Analizi

Author(s): Ahmet Delil,Bahar Yolcu Tetik / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 04/2015

In this study, 435 Turkish 8th grade High School Entrance Examination (LGS), Level Determination Examination (SBS), Middle Schools Selection and Placement Examination (OKS), and Transition From Elementary to Middle School (TEOG) mathematics examination questions of the years 1998-2015 are classified and compared in terms of TIMSS-2015 cognitive domains. Document analysis is used in order to collect and evaluate the data. Findings reveal that, of the items between years 1998-2015, 29% are in knowing, 58% in applying and 13% in reasoning cognitive domain. The results are discussed in the light of Turkey’s performances in the past years’ TIMSS technical reports. Due to the dramatic changes in cognitive domains of the questions year by year, it is concluded that there was no framework that is followed by the high stakes test developers concerning 8th graders in Turkey, but there must be.

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8. ve 12. SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ÖĞRETMEN KAVRAMINA YÖNELİK METAFORİK ALGILARI

8. ve 12. SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ÖĞRETMEN KAVRAMINA YÖNELİK METAFORİK ALGILARI

Author(s): Yücel Gelişli,Canan Ece Büyükkaya / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 41/2019

The aim of the study was to determine the metaphorical perceptions of secondary school students in the 8th grade and high school 12th grade. According to the research findings, students produced 27 metaphors to express the concept of teacher. The students compared the concept of teacher to the metaphors of books, trees, parents, sun, light, water and stars. It is seen that metaphors formed by students are collected in 7 conceptual categories. The metaphors created by the students are gathered under the categories of “Illuminating Teacher”, “Informative Teacher”, “Formative Teacher”, “Counselor Love Expression Teacher”, “Element of Compassion Teacher”, “Inconsistent Teacher”. As a result; 8th and 12th grade students have a positive outlook in general to the teacher. However, Grade 12 students perceived their teachers with more negative characteristics than the 8th grade students

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8-12 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARA ÇEVRE BİLİNCİ KAZANDIRILMASINDA OYUN TASARIMININ ROLÜ

8-12 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARA ÇEVRE BİLİNCİ KAZANDIRILMASINDA OYUN TASARIMININ ROLÜ

Author(s): Merve Saylik,Levent Mercin / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2020

Game is one of the important methods that support the development of children for centuries and can contribute to their learning easily. Early ages are the periods when children are most open to learning. Researches show that games play a big role in child development. This indicates that the game method can be used as an educational tool in education. From this point of view, it is understood that the game method and relevant tools can also be used to raise environmental awareness as it can be used in all fields. The game design increases the interest and motivation in raising awareness and provides the memorability of what is learned. This study examines the contribution of game design to raising environmental awareness. Accordingly, an example of computer-aided game was developed to raise environmental awareness in individuals in their early childhood period based on the data obtained. The data and form of game design were produced by the researchers. Based on the data obtained in the process of study, solution recommendations were developed for the researchers who will conduct a similar study in a way that they can follow when designing a game and adapt the game to older age groups.

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A Bayes algorithm for model compatibility and comparison of ARMA(p;q) models

A Bayes algorithm for model compatibility and comparison of ARMA(p;q) models

Author(s): Praveen Kumar Tripathi,Rijji Sen,S. K. Upadhyay / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2021

The paper presents a Bayes analysis of an autoregressive-moving average model and its components based on exact likelihood and weak priors for the parameters where the priors are defined so that they incorporate stationarity and invertibility restrictions naturally. A Gibbs-Metropolis hybrid scheme is used to draw posterior-based inferences for the models under consideration. The compatibility of the models with the data is examined using the Ljung-Box-Pierce chi-square-based statistic. The paper also compares different compatible models through the posterior predictive loss criterion in order to recommend the most appropriate one. For a numerical illustration of the above, data on the Indian gross domestic product growth rate at constant prices are considered. Differencing the data once prior to conducting the analysis ensured their stationarity. Retrospective short-term predictions of the data are provided based on the final recommended model. The considered methodology is expected to offer an easy and precise method for economic data analysis.

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A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF GREEN PRODUCTIVITY CONCEPT

Author(s): Erdinç Koç,Ahmed Ihsan Şimşek / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2021

Aim: This study aims to determine the relationships between studies, important sub-topics and new trends in the field, in parallel with the increasing studies in thefield of green productivity in recent years. Method: Using the Web of Science database, 118 studies on green productivity published between 1980 and 2021 were analyzed with bibliometric analyzes through the R and Vosviewer program. Findings: The results obtained from the analyzes were shared under two separate headings: Descriptive Statistics and Network Analysis. As descriptive statistics, the most productive journals, authors, and countries were shared. With descriptive statistics, it was found out that the most productive journal is the Journal of Cleaner Production and the most productive institution is Xiamen University. The study found that China is the most productive country in the field of green productivity. As part of the network analysis, co-occurrence, co-citation, co-authorship, and country collaboration in the field of green productivity were tried to be revealed. Co-occurrence analysis shows that 21 nodes and six clusters are formed. The authors are divided into seven clusters in the co-authorship analysis, and Li Ke has the most links. The country with the most links in the country collaboration analysis is China. In the co-citation analysis, it is seen that the studies in the field of “green productivity” are divided into three clusters. Results: As a field of s tudy, green productivity attracts the attention of different science and social sciences disciplines, and the number of publications on this subject is constantly increasing. The interest of different disciplines in the subject field has enabled different keywords to take part in the studies. In addition to showing trends in the field, the study results also show productivity in the corresponding years’ range. With our study, researchers who want to work in the field of Green Productivity will be able to identify the guiding articles. Besides, they will be able to identify pioneering researchers, institutions and journals and see the collaborations made on t he basis o f c ountry, institution and author in t he field of green productivity. In this way, researchers will have the chance to look at the field of green productivity from a broader perspective. Researchers can use this study as a roadmap for their studies.

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A BIBLIOMETRIC OVERVIEW OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP - PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP

A BIBLIOMETRIC OVERVIEW OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP - PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP

Author(s): Alisa Mujkić,Senad Softić / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2019

Previous research highlighted undoubtedly positive impact of transformational leadership on a wide range of performance, including its follower, individual and organizational levels. However, the focus to date has mainly been on the concept’s empirical underpinnings and, hence, the purpose of this study is to present and clarify the intellectual structure of transformational leadership – performance relationship studies. Building on the bibliometric analysis, we have provided the information on publishing trends, the most prolific countries and authors that shape this relationship, whereas term analysis provides a taxonomy for ongoing and recommended upcoming research in the field. The results showed a) the field is under a surprisingly strong influence of a diversified research context along with the focus on the well-recognized and expected Anglo American region; b) there are five clusters which have been recognized as representatives of the field; c) scarcity of research into sales and managerial performance has been identified which indicates that there is a considerable potential for wide-ranging research in fields of marketing and management in general. In the context of contribution, this study provides a reference to researchers entering this field, as well as guidance for future research.

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A calibrated synthetic estimator for small area estimation

A calibrated synthetic estimator for small area estimation

Author(s): Matthew Joshua Iseh,Ekaette I. Enang / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2021

Synthetic estimators are known to produce estimates of population mean in areas where no sampled data are available, but such estimates are usually highly biased with invalid confidence statements. This paper presents a calibrated synthetic estimator of the population mean which addresses these problematic issues. Two known special cases of this estimator were obtained in the form of combined ratio and combined regression synthetic estimators, using selected tuning parameters under stratified sampling. In result, their biases and variance estimators were derived. The empirical demonstration of the usage involving the proposed calibrated estimators shows that they provide better estimates of the population mean than the existing estimators discussed in this study. In particular, the estimators were examined through simulation under three distributional assumptions, namely the normal, gamma and exponential distributions. The results show that they provide estimates of the mean displaying less relative bias and greater efficiency. Moreover, they prove more consistent than the existing classical synthetic estimator. The further evaluation carried out using the coefficient of variation provides additional confirmation of the calibrated estimator’s advantage over the existing ones in relation to small area estimation.

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