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In the following two texts, Niklas Luhmann discusses the emergence and the differentiation of art as a social system. This process begins during the Renaissance and reaches its full-scale development with Romanticism, around the end of the 18th century. Of central importance is Luhmann’s account of communication, understood as behavior coordinated by symbolically generalized social codes. The German sociologist analyzes how the system of art functions today and criticizes the meaning that the concepts of “artist” and “spectator” have acquired in the Modern Age.
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In this material an attempt is made to look from the side, both in the creation and development of the Ambulatory file in our country in historical terms - since 1950, and for management, stagnation or inaction in the maintenance of the personal health passport. The ambulatory file and the records in it, the archiving and the document circulation of this important document reflect in dynamics the health needs of the individual and the health care provided for him. The ambulatory file as a whole gives an idea of the professional and managerial culture. In addition, it is a source of important medical records used as a primary source for important medical, statistical and management information.
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The paper discusses the contributions of German classical sociologist to urban sociology at the beginning of the last century, with particular emphasis on the work of Georg Simmel. Highlights the fact that they much influenced to the work of R.E. Park and L. Wirth, as the central figure in the Chicago classical urban sociology. Despite the fact that the German and Chicago urban experience is different, the urban theory represents continuity in these traditions. Modern thinking on urban are unthinkable without reflection on these traditions.
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The German community of the Yugoslav Kingdom was, for the most part, concentrated in the territory of today’s Vojvodina. Their centuries-long presence in this area indicates their readiness to live in a multinational environment, but also their ambition to live better than others, both in a cultural and economic sense. The attitude of this community towards the newly formed Yugoslav state was cautious, marked by concern and reserve, but it was not as negative as the one seen in the Hungarian community. The Germans intended to preserve their cultural identity through the organization of associations, and then to found a party. Their ambitions grew with the strengthening of the Third German Reich, when their political manifestation became more provocative and militant.
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Prije nastanka sociologije u 19. stoljeću, u društvu se razmišljalo u okviru filozofije. Antička filozofija nije razlikovala pojmove društva i države. U 17. i 18. stoljeću nastaju teorije društvenog ugovora koje, polazeći od određene unaprijed dane koncepcije ljudske prirode, smatraju da društvo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRXGsPBUV5g (i država) nastaju sporazumom izoliranih pojedinaca. Francuski filozof Montesquieu i škotski filozof Adam Ferguson iz 18. stoljeća prethodnici su pravnoga sociološkog razmišljanja u društvu. Sociologija je moderna znanost koja izučava promjene koje donosi nastanak modernosti. Modernost znači novu organizaciju društva, različitu od one utemeljene na tradiciji. U modernosti se različita područja društvenoga života - ekonomija, politika, religija, umjetnost - izdvajaju kao posebne sfere s vlastitim zakonitostima.
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Anton Golopentia was an important member of Romanian Sociological School of Bucharest led by Dimitrie Gusti. With A. Golopentia`s texts, we could dismount two errors often done in interwar period regarding sociology and geopolitics sciences in Romania. Concretely, first of them was considered to have an narrow ethnic or nationalist character; second, on the contrary, was seen as concerning only good functioning of state, so that ignoring the ethnic factor. With Golopentia`s texts we reached the conclusion that sociology and geopolitics are complementary social sciences. Sociology is both an ethnic and state-concerning science and it does not ignore the state as institution. Also, geopolitics is about the state, but in the same time it gives a big importance to the ethnic factor. This double and almost equal focus to the state and to the ethnic factor was facilitated by the national-state character of our country. Sociological research on internal medium of a state and geopolitical research on external medium of it are, both, national kind.
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Sursa elitelor în România contemporană se află în dinamica sistemului comunist (instaurare, consolidare ca regim de ocupaţie, declin şi prăbuşire) chiar şi la 20 de ani de la căderea regimului comunist, în decembrie 1989. În acest sens, constituirea şi propagarea elitelor a căpătat un caracter dualist: elitele de ocupaţie au avut ca şi contrapondere tipuri de elite ale rezistenţei anticomuniste. Comunismul s-a instaurat ca sistem şi ca regim politic în România pe calea ocupaţiei militare şi politice a ţării, neavând nici o legătură cu tradiţiile culturale şi politice ale acestui spaţiu. Profilul elitelor de ocupaţie este dat de două tipologii: consilierii militari şi consilierii politici (comisarii politici). Pe cale de consecinţă, direcţia integrării în spiritualitatea europeană a fost asumată în spaţiul românesc de elitele rezistenţei. Problema modernităţii româneşti este că vizibilitate externă au avut în special elitele care au promovat reformarea sistemului comunist şi nu respingeai acestuia (vezi fenomenul dizidenţei civice).
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This small-scale study aims to trace the changes that have occurred in the Korean family institution in a time span of about one hundred years, more specifically, since the beginning of the 20th century, when Korea opened its borders to foreigners, until the present, as well as to identify the causes that have led to these changes. The theoretical framework I will employ is thematic analysis, defined by Berelson (1952, 18) as “a research technique for the objective, systematic, and quantitative description of the manifest content of communication”. The data subjected to analysis come from a number of novels authored by Korean and Korean-American writers, such as H. Lee (1997) Still Life with Rice, S. Park (2011) This Burns My Heart, and NJ. Cho (2018) Kim Jiyoung, Born 1982, to mention just a few. The reason behind opting for literature as a source of information is that I consider it to be a cultural product of particular socio-cultural circumstances inextricably linked to history. The fragments from the novels have been analyzed in terms of some of the identified themes, such as the status roles created by marriage in the Korean culture, the involvement of men in the house chores and child-rearing, in-laws’ attitudes towards their daughters-in-law, and the chances of married women to keep their jobs, divorce, to mention just a few. The primary data is supplemented with information coming from the Korean society trend survey, conducted by Statistics Korea. The findings of the analysis will reveal a slow, though obvious change in the family institution, which could be attributed to factors such as the Western influence, the spread of Christianity in the peninsula, as well as the massive industrial, technological, and economic development of Korea.
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The article is an attempt to describe selected books by Justyna Bednarek, a wellknown and award-winning children’s writer (Nowe przygody skarpetek (jeszcze bardziej niesamowite) [New adventures of socks (Even more amazing)], Basik Grysik i wrony [Basik Grysik and crows], Pan Stanisław odlatuje [Mr Stanisław flies away]). The researcher focuses primarily on problems related to the way Bednarek represents human relations with the world. Wójcik-Dudek proves that in Bednarek’s work, thread and its literal and symbolic meanings have the strongest frequency in presenting a man entangled in the world.
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This paper aims to highlight the drama of total submission of a drifting society, while observing the immanence of the mechanisms of human nature in the face of general collapse. In order to achieve the content, it was approached systemically, based on the transdisciplinary methodology, as it can be intercepted in one of Michel Houellebecq's most publicized novels, Submission.
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The article presents the history of the notion of civilization at the stage of emerging civilizational pluralism. This presentation offers a critical reconstruction of civilizational essentialism, at least partially racist in character, which at the turn of the 20th century became the basic method for civilizational studies. In order to fully reveal the grounds upon which civilizational studies adopted “scientific” racism in the middle of the 19th century the text discusses the history of this research paradigm beginning from when the term “civilization” became prominent not only in moral but also historical and sociological analysis. On the one hand, this throws a clear light on the uncomfortable heritage of the discipline in terms of its mission to “civilize,” one that civilizational studies have faced until the present day. On the other, the article shows that the direction they chose in the times of social darwinism’s cultural triumph was not inevitable. In its shadow there have existed alternative civilizational studies with Norbert Elias as their early proponent. In order to develop them further one must not forget the history of the paradigm and hence this article is devoted to discovering the causes of the crisis in the colonial era of the Enlightenment idea of civilization, so important for Elias.
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Background: A hobby is a regular activity which is done for enjoyment, usually during one's spare time. Hobbies can include collecting objects, writing, playing sports, or pursuing other amusements. The present paper aims to present the ways a hobby is extremely relevant for a medical student, viewed from the perspective of his professional training. Materials and methods: The study was based on a sample of 354 students representing the target group: the 1st, the 2nd and the 3rd year students of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu-Mures in the academic years 2018-2019 and 2019 2020. As a method of psychological investigation, it has been used the questionnaire followed by conversation. Processing the collected data, it followed that: 62,1% were girls and 37,9% were boys. Results: The questionnaire had a total of 10 questions that highlighted the importance, the location, the motivation, the time and the satisfaction of practicing a hobby. It was noted that on the practice of a hobby, from both English and Romanian section, we had the following results: 55,9% answered yes to practicing a hobby, 70,63% responded that they feel relaxed after practicing their hobby, 25,15% had a deadline for studying during the semester, 76,83% reserved quality time for relaxation during the exam sessions. Conclusion: The results we obtained have highlighted that the preclinical medical student is concerned about a hobby, it helps him and it can be a reference point in his future professional training.
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This study critically analyses the qualitative and quantitative research tools for researching the patrimony of heritage buildings and also integrates references from other studies, projects and programs which have used similar tools. In practice, the most widely used methods were in- depth structured or semi-structured interviews, photography documentation, research in archives or libraries, anthropological observation, direct observation, snowball sampling, architectural documentation. On one hand, the quantitative methods are generally quite inflexible and are best suited for cases when collecting information from huge samples of individuals which have to respond to fixed questions in surveys is required. The resulting data is processed in order to highlight the links between different processes and phenomena and to validate theoretical hypothesis and explain the social aspect. On the other hand, the qualitative methods are often more flexible and enable more spontaneity and on-site adaptations through the interaction between the researcher and the study participant. Another difference between the two methods is that the qualitative method allows the use of open-ended questions and follow-up with additional questions which give the participants the possibility to respond using their own words.
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This article addresses the issue of the impact of new technologies on children. The author highlights the risks and dangers that children may face in the virtual environment, as well as the factors that promote addiction and destructive behavior in the online space. It is worth paying attention to the aspects characteristic of cyberbullying of young school children and the recommendations in order to ensure their protection and safety in the online environment. The ideas and suggestions treated by the author can be very useful for all those involved in the field of raising and educating children (parents, teachers, students).
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Introduction: Professional organizations have a significant contribution to the development of individual professions, including those in the area of healthcare by guiding the development of the profession from education to recommendations for practice for the benefit of society. No less important is their role in the planning, organization and implementation of continuous vocational training of health professionals, given the present rapid technological progress. Objective: To study the emergence and development of healthcare professional organizations and in particular X-ray technicians organization in Bulgaria, and their role in the development of the profession – X-ray technician. Methods: Documentary analysis was used. Results: The processes that led to the emergence of professional organizations in the field of healthcare and their contribution to the development of the professions are reviewed in historical perspective. Globally, the role of healthcare professional organizations and in particular those of X-ray technicians is constantly growing in terms of regulations for the profession, development of training guidelines and determining the necessary professional competences. Given the rapid development of technology, increasing attention is paid to the continuous professional development of personnel as an important factor for provision of adequate healthcare services.
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The great evolution of technology it is a reality which we all feel. We are permanently abounded by new inventions and innovations that fill our lives, which may give us conflicting emotions: somehow, we integrate with the progress, we are happy because we can use high-performance equipment that make our lives easier, our physical effort greatly more comforting, reduce our production cost and time, expose our actions and feeling, all of this translating in more easier expressions and tasks; on the other hand, we ask ourselves where is the whole world heading when it is governed by technology, how I will live ten years from now, how our relation with ourselves and other people will be and if/how we can remain authentic. In today’s world we use a lot of electronic devices, multimedia devices, state of the art gadgets very useful in our workplace, or at home, on holiday in order to communicate, learn or enjoy ourselves. The disagreements and disadvantages appear only when we don’t know how and how long we should use them to reach our goals, finally being their tools. The contemporary man is far from being able to strike a balance, an optimum to be and to do when he is surrendered by pseudo-values proposed and passed on through social media, the internet or the mobile phone. In the digital age, an ethical base of education becomes obvious to re-organize naturally the way of thinking, of choosing, of deciding, of acting, essentially the way of being. The free human being but also responsible has to re-organize his moral values and norms based on his actions of conscience and knowledge, involving in his social and personal sphere. Human freedom and responsibility has to make their presence felt in a world swallowed quickly by false values that practically invade the essence of humanity.
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Introduction: The measures that had to be taken in the COVID-19 pandemic for our protection and to stop the spread of the virus led to many changes about the way that we think, feel and behave. One of the main measures imposed in that direction was the obligation of wearing face mask in public places. Materials and methods: The study was realized on a sample of 93 people aged between 18 and 66 years old, all of them living in Romania. This was achieved through a questionnaire with 12 questions targeting how the face mask looks in the eyes of people, which are the main reasons why people chose to wear it and how it has affected our personal and interpersonal life. Results: In addition to personal safety, coercion by the authorities was another major reason for 52% of respondents for which they chose to wear a face mask. 33% of them wear it only if those around them do. Wearing it caused problems such as breathing difficulties (39%), speech difficulties (34%), misting of glasses (41%), irritation of the face (44%).Conclusions: The main reasons that led people to wear face mask are the protection against infection, the imposed legislative measures, respectively the coercion from other people. Wearing face masks can lead to problems such as breathing difficulties, speech difficulties, misting of glasses, irritation of the face. In terms of interpersonal relationships, wearing a face mask formed an impediment against non-verbal communication expressed through facial expressions.
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The life and creative path of a professor Dr. Peter Mullens is traced - brilliant parasitologist, malariologist, microbiolo- gist, chief army hygienist, professor, author of numerous publications. The focus is on the contribution of Prof. Mullens in the organization of the fight against malaria in the Bulgarian army during the First World War, his work on the successful elimination of malaria in the southern regions of the country, his efforts in organizing the experimental work of the Institute in Burgas.
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