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Social media and influencers in the lives of teenagers

Author(s): Agnieszka Iwanicka / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2022

The article aims to look at the growing role of social media, with particular emphasis on the part of influencers in the lives of adolescents. The article is a review based on the empirical research available on this topic. Contact with influencers meets not only the relational, informational, or entertainment needs of young people but also the need to compare ourselves with other people present in our lives. On the other hand, it can maintain the fear of FOMO, which in the long run results in a reduction in the adolescent’s social well-being. The article invokes the theory of social comparisons and discusses the supporting role of parents in the context of Berne’s structural analysis of social media use by adolescents. The transactional analysis also considered the specifics of influencers’ contact with their recipients.

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Mark Widdowson (2015). Transactional Analysis for Depression: A step-by-step treatment manual

Author(s): Zbigniew WIECZOREK / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2022

Review of: Mark Widdowson (2015). Transactional Analysis for Depression: A step-by-step treatment manual. London – New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, ss. 216

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Corporeality Affected by the Loss of a Loved One – Manifestations of the Body in the Experiences of Former Wards of Social Rehabilitation Centers

Author(s): Agnieszka Jaros / Language(s): English Issue: 62/2023

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the bodily dimension of the loss of a loved one and ways of dealing with such an experience manifested in action. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The main research problem was formulated as a question: How do former wards of social rehabilitation centers experience and what meaning do they assign to the death of a loved one? The study used the biographical method, while the autobiographical narrative interview was used for data acquisition. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The theoretical framework of this study on the boundary situation of the death of a loved one is Karl Jasper’s approach as well as Edith Stein’s theory of empathy, from which analytical codes were derived was discussed. RESEARCH RESULTS: The death of a loved one experienced as a loss generates feelings that manifest in bodily forms of expression. The suffering resulting from the loss led to the development of new patterns of action: escapist and developmental-escapist. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The basic conclusion is that the loss of a love one as a boundary situation, when one is not looked after and lives alone leads to abnormal social functioning. Thus, such experiences should arouse a great deal of attention from people caring for children and youth.

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Mine or Alien? The Experience of Body and Corporeality in Sudden Vision Loss

Author(s): Kornelia Czerwińska / Language(s): English Issue: 62/2023

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The goal of the article is to describe the specific perceptions of corporeality of an adult who experiences sudden loss of vision. Special emphasis is put on the process of creating a new representation of one’s body. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The text focuses on the issues of deconstructing one’s self-image due to the change in experiencing one’s body, temporary incapability of performing daily activities, and problems with avoiding pain and discomfort. A literature search and analysis were conducted. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The main consequences of vision loss in adulthood are presented. A process of creating a new representation of one’s own body is described in reference to the concept of the stages of adjustment to vision loss. RESEARCH RESULTS: When comparing the current appearance and functionality of their body to the situation from before vision loss, persons with acquired vision impairment have a sense of alienation of their body. Along with the loss of vision as a basic cognitive tool, they experience disintegration of their physical “self,” loss of confidence in their other senses, and overall bodily inadequacy. The negative approach to their own corporeality tends to be reinforced by reactions of other people. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The attitudes and emotions towards one’s body influence the dynamics of adjustment to vision loss, including the motivation of a blind person to actively participate in the rehabilitation process. Psychological rehabilitation should support a person who is losing vision in deconstructing the corporeal ‘self’ and reintegrating a new body image. The issue of the changing body image in the situation of sudden vision loss in adulthood has not been sufficiently researched. There is a need to undertake studies focused on this issue.

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Intertwining and Boundaries of Realities

Author(s): Ioana Micluția / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Dreams, nightmares, and other peculiar interferences of conscient states fascinated and still intrigue humankind. Besides the mystery and misbeliefs attached to these physiological phenomena, huge explanations were developed especially by psychoanalytic or philosophical theories, providing the interpretations of the content of the oneiric states. There is a tremendous corpus of scientific testing and explorations, which enables the adequate and subtle identification, diagnoses, and remedies of the variety of parasomnias. The multidisciplinary approach is coined as somnology and the oneiric are framed within the phases of sleep. Even if there are noticeable advances regarding the formal aspects of dreams, parasomnias, the content of oneiric states still relies on self-reports, if the remembrance is kept vivid and untainted. A clarification of the differences between nightmares and night terrors seems to be suitable. The nightmare is recognized as an independent diagnosis by the DSM-5. To pick up a nightmarish sequence in filmography would be too easy, choosing an opposite: the Morenian perspective of a surplus reality during a trance scene of the outlaw prostitute Cabiria while being subject of a hypnosis show led by a charlatan, which feeds all desires, phantasms of love, marriage, romance (Nights of Cabiria, F. Fellini, 1957). But the later reality experience, that seems to reenact the former trance, turns into a living reality nightmare. The final Fellinian escape from this scene is strange and surprising, but not as the frightening awakening from a nightmare. Nevertheless, the oneiric phenomena remain fascinating probably due to their partly unveiled mystery.

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Dans l’ombilic du cauchemar

Author(s): Javier Jiménez León / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2023

In our field, we tend to hear and read about, and even to devote entire books, articles, and testimonies to the oneiric experience – generally associated with what Freud meant by the dream work – but how much analysis and reflection do we devote to the nightmare? Isn’t it, perhaps, another form of what we call the oneiric experience? What place for the nightmare – beyond Freud and Lacan, but not without them – in the clinical experience? This paper is accompanied by the fragmentary saying – is there another one? – of authors such as Walter Benjamin, Pascal Quignard, Artemidorus, Jorge Luis Borges, as well as the saying of some analysands who have passed through my office. By these means, I will articulate what in some cases has been interpreted as a failure and which constitutes, from my point of view, the triumph of all those parlêtres who let themselves be inhabited by what we would qualify as the demonic – thus recognizing themselves. In other words, I will approach what incubates, in the navel of the nightmare, through sex and death as figures of the real.

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Nightmares and Jokes

Author(s): Sara Rodowicz-Ślusarczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The theme of the nightmare is not a very easy one to approach. Quiteobviously, we are dealing with something highly unpleasant, but what contributesto the challenge is also the aspect of experience – the experience of the nightmare,and this is implies something that is lived. Thinking about experience, trying to getsome knowledge out of it – some kind of knowledge about the worst – is already ameans of distancing oneself from it. I suppose one of the ways in which we coulddefine the distress proper to the nightmare is precisely that one cannot get out of it.And it is also what makes the vital need of a separation so urgent, the need expressedin awakening.

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Ingmar Bergman et Véronique Vogler : Lit de parade, oiseaux maladifs et cauchemar

Author(s): Noemina Câmpean / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2023

The present article represents a psychoanalytic reading not only ofIngmar Bergmanʼs film The Hour of the Wolf/ Vargtimmen (1968), but also ofBergmanʼs personal hour of the wolf, related to an inner pain, to an atmosphericsilence and to the irreducible scar of anxiety. On the other hand, the article presentsthe expressionistic influences of the German school on the creation of the Swedishdirector, regarding the terror of the artist, the adventure of light and whiteness, thesomnambulism, the soul and its double – the shadow, and so on. The nightmare ofthe main character Johan Borg starts with his visit to the von Merkens family: themembers of this strange family can represent projections of his own psychoticreactions – cannibals, ghosts, vampires, living dead, parasites, spiders. In thiscontext, the bed where Johan meets his “perfect” lover, Veronica Vogler, integratesa binary topos of agony and raw sexuality, a pietà and also a lying-in state of thecorpse which allows the ovation and the consumption of the breath of the deceasedby the participants. Ultimately, the bed hides the dramatization and the voyeurismof the self.

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Un instant d’innocence ou les instances du non-sens

Author(s): Ioana Ciovârnache / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2023

The impossibility of comprehension concerns not only the subject’s relation to the other, but it also extends between the subject and his past. Just likeFreud’s navel of the dream, in Mohssen Makhmalbaf’s film A Moment of Innocence(1996) the unravelling of the characters’ lives and the spinning of their phantasmaticperspectives start from the same point of radical lack of sense. The movie’s playbetween reality and fiction renders possible a shift from the violence of the past intrusion of real into the subject’s life to the temporized acknowledgement of the inconsistencies in his own discourse.

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Incubus: The Nightmare Materialized. When Aggressiveness becomes Violence

Author(s): Cristian Bodea / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The paper explores the tension between aggressiveness and violence regarding the intentional pressure (Lacan). It gives an account on thephenomenological take on intentionality in favor of the idea that the subject-objectrelation is indispensable for the conscious being. Psychoanalysis goes further andshows that such a relation has also an unconscious element which is essentiallyaggressive and structural. In order that the aggressiveness does not become violence,a process of sublimation is needed. This paper demonstrates that in nightmare sucha process is deficient, having to do with the forbidden object. Consequently, thequestion of incest arises. The movie The Incubus (1982) is a good example of what happens when the limit between subject and object is pushed, and it shows what would happen if that limit was removed.

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Un long fleuve tranquille ou l’histoire comme cauchemar : La croisière de Mircea Daneliuc

Author(s): Radu Țurcanu / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2023

There is a real and distinct connection between anxiety and nightmare, as it had been pointed out by both Freud and Lacan. To which Joyce seems to add:“History is a nightmare from which I am trying to awake”. Moreover, the dream canbe considered as having a kind of nightmarish kernel, in the same way in whichfantasy has a kind of comical twist, and science has its truth revealed as sciencefiction.The subject is first of all the subject of the unconscious, filled with guiltwhen faced with his destiny as crushing demand of the Other. It is only within thepsychoanalytic discourse that this feeling of guilt is deconstructed and reveals thehole out of which one can say “that no” to both castration and to this totalitariandemand of the Other, source of anxiety, and thus of nightmare, be it as history ingeneral or for the individual. Mircea Daneliuc brilliantly decodes this intricate link between history and nightmare in his film The Cruise (1981), which takes place in Ceaușescu’s Romania in the 1980s.

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Night, Dream, Nightmare. An Oneiric Reading of Chekhov’s Seagull

Author(s): Călin Ciobotari / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The present study proposes a reinterpretation of Chekhovʼs play from the perspective of the relationship the characters have with the night, with sleep, with dreams and nightmares. A very complex oneiric web is created by Chekhov by means of several factors: certain disturbances of temporality, slowness of themovement of the characters, boredom as a background state, drowsiness, insomnia, forgetfulness, identity disorders and so on.

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Petrov’s Flu as an Escape from Reality

Author(s): Marian Sorin Rădulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The mainstream repertoire in the cinemas is made up of either “escapist” stories (produced and directed at Hollywood) or, occasionally, of observational, realistic kitchen sink dramas (produced and directed in Europe, Romania included). Realism and fantasy (“the two sides of the same coin”, said Russian writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky) rarely meet on screen, as they happily co-exist in the astonishing, non-linear, fictious works by Dostoevsky, Mikhail Bulgakov, Andrei Platonov, or Chinghiz Aitmatov, where the reader can hardly find any signposts between fantasy and reality. When they do, the screening of such and ambitious epic like Petrov’s Flu becomes a feast

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КОРЕКЦІЯ ПОВЕДІНКИ ПРИ РОБОТІ З ПСИХОТРАВМОЮ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

Author(s): Oleksii Sheviakov,Ljudmila Golovkova,Ihor Ostapenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2023

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has led to massive destruction of the economy and the amount of losses is estimated at more than 700 billion dollars. Increased demand in the construction and building structures market due to the restoration of Ukraine requires an increase in the production of sandwich panels. TPK-Center LLC specializes in the production of products for industrial and commercial construction, such as sandwich panels and metal products. Changes in the external environment of the company's operations, the structure of demand for sandwich panels with different insulation materials require changes in its marketing strategy in terms of product mix. Based on the analysis of the business portfolio, such strategic decisions as "BUILD", "HOLD", harvesting and elimination strategies are proposed. A study of the company's customers was The purpose of the article was to find out the specifics of the work of psychologists and psychotherapists with psychotraumas at the behavioral level during the war. Methods. Original psychological methods are proposed and methods of psychological assistance for psychological injuries during the war are described in detail. A complex of scientific and educational cycles of psycho-educational materials is presented, which change the military cadre into a resource one, which is actively introduced into the educational process and implemented in applied professional activities in various fields of psychological science and practice. A set of practical exercises, methods of neurolinguistic programming, individual practices of working with yourself are presented. The results. Key errors of behavior in war conditions, ways of transition from a state of decline to a state of elevation are analyzed. Scientific novelty. The study revealed the peculiarities of social functioning when working with psychotrauma in the conditions of war. The practical significance. Eriksonian hypnosis is offered in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder - a complex mental condition that occurs as a result of trauma. The experience of hypnotherapy as an artificial lie therapy for a positive result is presented.The conducted investigations allow us to draw preliminary conclusions. Indeed, work with psychotrauma in the conditions of war is accompanied by critical moments, the most difficult of which is behavior correction. Providing psycho-prophylactic help by applying the proposed correction method allows you to prevent extremely negative consequences that can deform the personality. Accordingly, further development and approval of the corrective behavioral method of psychoprophylaxis against a wider background is necessary in order to recommend its use to specialists in behavioral economics.

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Krew rosyjskiej geografii. Granica zapomnienia Siergieja Lebiediewa

Author(s): Michał Milczarek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 184/2023

The text contains an interpretation of Sergei Lebedev’s Oblivion (2010). The main problem of the book is the intergenerational trauma from the Stalinist era. Its mechanisms have been described in reference to the psychoanalytic tradition. The post-catastrophic image of the Russian Far North presented in the novel was also interpreted. It has been compared to descriptions of radical evil and juxtaposed with Giorgio Agamben’s homo sacer. The writings of Jacques Derrida were also employed, which turned out to be helpful in describing the phenomenon of splitting traumatic „Self”, the present and death, as well as the politics of memory and living with the specters of dead people.

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Kultura na drodze do samozniszczenia - Wiktora Pielewina prognoza dla Rosji

Author(s): Łukasz Bachora / Language(s): Polish Issue: 185/2024

The article is an attempt to apply the tools of analytical psychology in the study of contemporary Russian literature. Continuing his research of Victor Pelevin’s early prose, presented in the “Russian Studies Review” (2021, no. 1), the author proposes a comprehensive reading of four novels published between 2006 and 2013: Empire V, T., S.N.U.F.F. and Batman Apollo. From the works of the Russian postmodernist emerges a coherent and even prophetic (as it may seem in retrospect) picture of the gradual decline of Russian culture as a consequence of the interrupted individuation process. This key category in the concept created by Carl Gustav Jung is applied to specific characters and groups presented in Pelevin’s novels, but also to a specific social reality. Such perspective is justified by the attitude of the writer, who describes the process of creating literary worlds as a way of externalizing mental reality, both in its individual and — what is especially important — the collective aspect. Thus, the contents of his works can be treated as a manifestation of the Russian collective unconscious and interpreted in terms of Jung’s analytical psychology.

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SARTREAN ACCOUNT OF MENTAL HEALTH

Author(s): Jelena Krgović / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

The anti-psychiatrists in the 1960’s, specifically Thomas Szasz, have claimed that mental illness does not exist. This argument was based on a specific definition of physical disease that, Szasz argued, could not be applied to mental illness. Thus, by problematizing mental illness, the spotlight had turned to physical disease. Since then, philosophers of medicine have proposed definitions applying both to pathophysiological and psychopathological conditions. This paper analyzes prominent naturalist definitions which aim to provide value free accounts of pathological conditions, as well as normative accounts which propose value-laden accounts. The approaches surveyed differ not only in terms of value, but also in terms of their perspective. This perspective concerns whether the concept of health, illness or disease/disorder is emphasized. The emphasis on health or illness is holistic as it looks at the human being as a whole, while focus on disease or disorder is analytic as it considers part functions. I will here argue in favor of holism and will propose a definition of mental health based on Sartre’s existential psychoanalysis of Gustave Flaubert.

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VITGENŠTAJNOVA KRITIKA FROJDA

Author(s): Filip Čukljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2017

The aim of this paper is to present the critique that Ludwig Wittgenstein directs to the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud, as well as to critically evaluate its successfulness. At the beginning I will review some of the main arguments that Wittgenstein offers against this theory. First I will consider the argument that calls into question the psychoanalytic ontology and according to which there are significant problems in its conceptualization. Then I will deal with the critique which holds that the psychoanalytic method is problematic, primarily because it is allegedly unscientific. After this I will show the third argument that attacks Freud’s assumption according to which phenomena such as dreams must have a certain essence. It will be shown that none of these arguments is entirely successful. Subsequently I will focus on the argument that is, according to some, the main Wittgenstein’s argument and according to which Freud makes a mistake by not distinguishing the concepts of cause and reason. I will claim that psychoanalysis can be defended from this objection likewise. In order to show this, I will refer to the interpretation of Freud’s teachings according to which the so-called subintentional explanations are used in psychoanalysis.

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„Пак, значи, вещицата ще помага“ (Драматургията на Йохан Волфганг фон Гьоте и раждането на метапсихологията)

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„Пак, значи, вещицата ще помага“ (Драматургията на Йохан Волфганг фон Гьоте и раждането на метапсихологията)

Author(s): Maria Kalinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 32/2024

The article traces an “anachrony” introduced by Sigmund Freud, in which the order of events in the history of cultural influence is reversed and the author of “The Interpretation of Dreams” becomes a contemporary of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and the birth of the dramatist is paired with the birth of metapsychology. This inverted genealogy is interesting because, along with turning the “father” of psychoanalysis into an ancestor of the author of “Faust”, the theoretical question is raised not about the birth, but about the “extra-birth” or “overproduction” of psychoanalysis. As part of the argument of the text is a commentary on the persistent presence of the figure of Goethe’s Mephistopheles in Freud’s writings, so that the figure can give form to the formless, the unnameable, the disappearing, allowing the possible contours of something that refuses to be scientific to be revealed.

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Psycholinguistic Approaches to Instructed Second Language Acquisition: Linking Theory, Findings and Practice

Author(s): Muhammet Yaşar YÜZLÜ / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Review of: Daniel R. Walter, Psycholinguistic Approaches to Instructed Second Language Acquisition: Linking Theory, Findings and Practice, Multilingual Matters, 2023, 224.

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