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IMPACT OF ACCELERATED MOBILE PAGES FORMAT ON CORPORATE WEB SITES

Author(s): Andrej Miklošík,Peter Červenka,Ivan Hlavatý / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2/2016

In this digital era, application of newly developed information technologies into practical life is an integral part of any marketing team in all sectors. Due to the increasing technological miniaturization and mobility, the behaviour of potential customers and companies in accessing online available data is changing. The dominance of mobile access to the information content on the internet was noticed by search engine companies, and new criteria take into account if sites are mobile optimized. The digital presence of the company or product and their positioning is one of the factors that affects the brand awareness and attracts the attention of potential customers and business partners. This study examines available methods of mobile optimization and possibilities of implementation of AMP webpage format tailored for mobile devices, and examine the issue of its application for corporate marketing on example of Visegrad countries. One of the implications related to brand management is that the earlier the AMP is implemented, the greater the chance for a better visibility, as the result of Google’s institutional memory.

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BRAND BUILDING OF A UNIVERSITY THROUGH UNIVERSITY CULTURE

Author(s): Mária Rostášová,Ivana Dudová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2/2016

Customers behavior patterns of companies of any type and activities that are easily legible for a company are increasingly linked to a greater transparency of the actual behavior of companies from the perspective of customers as well as company employees. Therefore, companies try to bring the values of corporate culture into accordance with a brand promise. The priorities are not only the products that companies offer, but they still devote more time to clarify the company's mission and values of its culture of quality and so they try to get to a new level of social intelligence and selfawareness.The contribution aims to introduce an important aspect of building a strong brand which is the fulfillment of values of corporate culture. At the same time the authors of the contribution want to apply the best practices of building a brand towards the conditions of universities, despite the fact that the attention has not always been paid to building a brand in this environment. Research in conditions of a particular university pointed out to interesting facts and justification of solution of this problem in terms of universities and institutions operating in the market of educational services.

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INFLUENCE OF THE MEDIA ON MEDIA LITERACY IN CONSIDERATION OF “BABY BOOMERS” GENERATION

Author(s): Alena Daňková,Michaela Rudašová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2/2016

Media literacy is an actual problem not only of an individual but the whole society since the media present a part of our everyday life and influence us from all sides. In the first part of the paper we focus on the basis and importance of media education, media literacy, media competencies and on degree of the media influence on media literacy itself. In the second pat we concentrate on older generation, so called Baby boomers generation which in contrast to young generation did not grow up in media environment and receives the media content from a different point of view. The third part of the paper presents the results of the research by which a degree of the media influence on media literacy of Baby boomers generation was found out and its main goal was to find out behaviour of this generation towards the media and this specific generation perceive the media.

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Relevant determinants of the political parties’ environmental preference

Author(s): Constantin-Marius Apostoaie / Language(s): English Issue: Spec/2016

An instrument that political parties use to inform the electorate with regard to their policy preference (including preference towards the environment) is the electoral manifest. This paper analyses some important drivers that push political parties towards adopting pro-environmental attitudes by analysing the content included in their electoral manifestos (using the Comparative Manifesto Dataset). As explanatory factors we consider various socio-economic, ideological and international related variables, but our main focus is on environmental related determinants. We proceed as such because the paper aims to test the validity of ‘the ecological approach’ given that the current literature overlooks this issue or doesn’t succeed in providing strong evidence of its existence. Our dataset covers 49 countries worldwide and a total of 190 national electoral years, occurring between 2000 and 2015. The resulting evidence, which might confirm the validity of ‘the ecological approach’, is rather weak, but there is nonetheless strong evidence to prove the existence of an opportunistic behaviour of the political parties (confirming the validity of the ‘opportunistic political cycle’).

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Działania komunikacyjne marek luksusowych w mediach społecznościowych a zachowania konsumentów

Author(s): Magdalena Stachowiak,Magdalena Ankiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

In their article, the authors present the definition of luxury and luxury goods, and the recent data about the luxury goods market in Poland. In the further part, they present the results of research on consumers’ behaviour and attitudes to the use of social media in marketing communication of luxury fashion brands. The research results are a very valuable advice for companies to help them adjust the tools of social media communications to their target group. The article is of the research nature.

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MEDIATISATION OF COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOUR

Author(s): Hana Pravdová,Friedrich Krotz,Ľubica Hulajová / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The interview focuses on Friedrich Krotz’s views on the mediatisation of communication and culture and its consequences for daily life and social relations, culture and society. While discussing the topic Friedrich Krotz mostly addresses the negative aspects of mediatisation and outlines possible solutions to counter them. The given topics also refer to technological and cultural development of the society in the light of the influential notions proposed by Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer or Marshall McLuhan as well as from the viewpoint of specific traits of today’s communication via cyberspace. The interview therefore covers the issues concerning Internet security and privacy. The discussion specifically reflects on our dependence on online search engines, especially Google, and Internet social networks such as Facebook or WhatsApp.

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Пост-еколошки приступи у проучавању урбаних структура

Author(s): Ivan Ratkaj / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2005

Fundamental methods of the traditional urban ecology were gradually developed toward social area analysis and, subsequently, toward factorial ecology, which mostly employ inductive approach to define regularities in the social structures of the city. On the basis of the famous Chicago school, beside urban ecology, approaches dealing with behavioural processes and relevant administrative decisions in the context of spatial pattern and structure of residential zones, were developed. Both factorial ecology and behavioural derived from classical urban ecology, even though the proponents of the latter tend to set themselves apart from the Chicago school by criticising it. The last few decades were marked with the strong influence of social theory into urban literature, as well as with strict critique of the traditional ecological approach.

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The role of affect-driven impulsivity in gambling cognitions: A convenience-sample study with a Spanish version of the Gambling-Related Cognitions Scale

Author(s): Francesco Del Prete,Trevor Steward,Juan F. Navas,Fernando Fernández-Aranda,Susana Jiménez-Murcia,Tian P.S. Oei,José C. Perales / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Abnormal cognitions are among the most salient domain-specific features of gambling disorder. The aims of this study were: (a) to examine and validate a Spanish version of the Gambling-Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS; Raylu & Oei, 2004) and (b) to examine associations between cognitive distortion levels, impulsivity, and gambling behavior. Methods: This study first recruited a convenience sample of 500 adults who had gambled during the previous year. Participants were assessed using the Spanish version of GRCS (GRCS-S) questionnaire, the UPPS-P impulsivity questionnaire, measures of gambling behavior, and potentially relevant confounders. Robust confirmatory factor analysis methods on half the sample were used to select the best models from a hypothesis-driven set. The best solutions were validated on the other half, and the resulting factors were later correlated with impulsivity dimensions (in the whole n = 500 factor analysis sample) and clinically relevant gambling indices (in a separate convenience sample of 137 disordered and non-disordered gamblers; validity sample). Results: This study supports the original five-factor model, suggests an alternative four-factor solution, and confirms the psychometric soundness of the GRCS-S. Importantly, cognitive distortions consistently correlated with affect- or motivation-driven aspects of impulsivity (urgency and sensation seeking), but not with cognitive impulsivity (lack of premeditation and lack of perseverance). Discussion and conclusions: Our findings suggest that the GRCS-S is a valid and reliable instrument to identify gambling cognitions in Spanish samples. Our results expand upon previous research signaling specific associations between gambling-related distortions and affect-driven impulsivity in line with models of motivated reasoning.

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Relationship between family history of alcohol addiction, parents’ education level, and smartphone problem use scale scores

Author(s): Ashley Beison,David J. Rademacher / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Smartphones are ubiquitous. As smartphones increased in popularity, researchers realized that people were becoming dependent on their smartphones. The purpose here was to provide a better understanding of the factors related to problematic smartphone use (PSPU). Methods: The participants were 100 undergraduates (25 males, 75 females) whose ages ranged from 18 to 23 (mean age = 20 years). The participants completed questionnaires to assess gender, ethnicity, year in college, father’s education level, mother’s education level, family income, age, family history of alcoholism, and PSPU. The Family Tree Questionnaire assessed family history of alcoholism. The Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS) and the Adapted Cell Phone Addiction Test (ACPAT) were used to determine the degree of PSPU. Whereas the MPPUS measures tolerance, escape from other problems, withdrawal, craving, and negative life consequences, the ACPAT measures preoccupation (salience), excessive use, neglecting work, anticipation, lack of control, and neglecting social life. Results: Family history of alcoholism and father’s education level together explained 26% of the variance in the MPPUS scores and 25% of the variance in the ACPAT scores. The inclusion of mother’s education level, ethnicity, family income, age, year in college, and gender did not significantly increase the proportion of variance explained for either MPPUS or ACPAT scores. Discussion and conclusions: Family history of alcoholism and father’s education level are good predictors of PSPU. As 74%–75% of the variance in PSPU scale scores was not explained, future studies should aim to explain this variance.

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Psychometric validation of the Persian nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form: Does gender and hours spent online gaming affect the interpretations of item descriptions?

Author(s): Tzu-Yi Wu,Chung-Ling Lin,Kristofer Årestedt,Mark D. Griffiths,Anders Broström,Amir H. Pakpour / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form (IGDS-SF9) is brief and effective to evaluate Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) severity. Although its scores show promising psychometric properties, less is known about whether different groups of gamers interpret the items similarly. This study aimed to verify the construct validity of the Persian IGDS-SF9 and examine the scores in relation to gender and hours spent online gaming among 2,363 Iranian adolescents. Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch analysis were used to examine the construct validity of the IGDS-SF9. The effects of gender and time spent online gaming per week were investigated by multigroup CFA and Rasch differential item functioning (DIF). Results: The unidimensionality of the IGDS-SF9 was supported in both CFA and Rasch. However, Item 4 ( fail to control or cease gaming activities) displayed DIF (DIF contrast = 0.55) slightly over the recommended cutoff in Rasch but was invariant in multigroup CFA across gender. Items 4 (DIF contrast = −0.67) and 9 (jeopardize or lose an important thing because of gaming activity; DIF contrast = 0.61) displayed DIF in Rasch and were non-invariant in multigroup CFA across time spent online gaming. Conclusions: Given the Persian IGDS-SF9 was unidimensional, it is concluded that the instrument can be used to assess IGD severity. However, users of the instrument are cautioned concerning the comparisons of the sum scores of the IGDS-SF9 across gender and across adolescents spending different amounts of time online gaming.

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An investigation into problematic smartphone use: The role of narcissism, anxiety, and personality factors

Author(s): Zaheer Hussain,Mark D. Griffiths,David Sheffield / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

Over the last decade, worldwide smartphone usage has greatly increased. Alongside this growth, research on the influence of smartphones on human behavior has also increased. However, a growing number of studies have shown that excessive use of smartphones can lead to detrimental consequences in a minority of individuals. This study examines the psychological aspects of smartphone use particularly in relation to problematic use, narcissism, anxiety, and personality factors. Methods: A sample of 640 smartphone users ranging from 13 to 69 years of age (mean = 24.89 years, SD = 8.54) provided complete responses to an online survey including modified DSM-5 criteria of Internet Gaming Disorder to assess problematic smartphone use, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, and the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. Results: The results demonstrated significant relationships between problematic smartphone use and anxiety, conscientiousness, openness, emotional stability, the amount of time spent on smartphones, and age. The results also demonstrated that conscientiousness, emotional stability, and age were independent predictors of problematic smartphone use. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that problematic smartphone use is associated with various personality factors and contributes to further understanding the psychology of smartphone behavior and associations with excessive use of smartphones.

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Smartphone Addiction Proneness in Relation to Sleep and Morningness–Eveningness in German Adolescents

Author(s): Christoph Randler,Lucia Wolfgang,Katharina Matt,Eda Demirhan,Şenol Beşoluk / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Mobile phones are an important part of adolescents’ life. In this study, the relationships among smartphone addiction, age, gender, and chronotype of German adolescents were examined. Materials and methods: Two studies focused on two different measures of smartphone addiction. The Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (SAPS) was applied to 342 younger adolescents (13.39 ± 1.77; 176 boys, 165 girls, and 1 not indicated) in Study 1 and the Smartphone Addiction Scale was applied to 208 older adolescents (17.07 ± 4.28; 146 girls and 62 boys) in Study 2, both samples in southwest Germany. In addition, a demographic questionnaire and the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) and sleep measures were implemented. Results: The most remarkable result of this study was that morningness–eveningness (as measured by CSM scores) is an important predictor for smartphone addiction; even stronger than sleep duration. Evening oriented adolescents scored higher on both smartphone addiction scales. In addition, gender is an important predictor for smartphone addiction and girls are more prone to become addicted. In addition, while sleep duration on weekdays negatively predicted SAPS, age, sleep duration on weekends, and midpoint of sleep on weekdays and weekends did not predicted smartphone addiction in both scales. The analysis of covariance revealed statistically significant effects of the covariates gender and age in both studies, as well as the main effect of chronotype. According to the t-test results, girls had higher scores than boys in smartphone addiction. Conclusion: Evening types and girls are more prone to become smartphone addicted.

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Physiological Markers of Biased Decision-Making in Problematic Internet Users

Author(s): Maria Nikolaidou,Danaë Stanton Fraser,Neal Hinvest / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Addiction has been reliably associated with biased emotional reactions to risky choices. Problematic Internet use (PIU) is a relatively new concept and its classification as an addiction is debated. Implicit emotional responses were measured in individuals expressing nonproblematic and problematic Internet behaviors while they made risky/ambiguous decisions to explore whether they showed similar responses to those found in agreed-upon addictions. Methods: The design of the study was cross sectional. Participants were adult Internet users (N = 72). All testing took place in the Psychophysics Laboratory at the University of Bath, UK. Participants were given the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) which provides an index of an individual’s ability to process and learn probabilities of reward and loss. Integration of emotions into current decision-making frameworks is vital for optimal performance on the IGT and thus, skin conductance responses (SCRs) to reward, punishment, and in anticipation of both were measured to assess emotional function. Results: Performance on the IGT did not differ between the groups of Internet users. However, problematic Internet users expressed increased sensitivity to punishment as revealed by stronger SCRs to trials with higher punishment magnitude. Discussion and conclusions: PIU seems to differ on behavioral and physiological levels with other addictions. However, our data imply that problematic Internet users were more risk-sensitive, which is a suggestion that needs to be incorporated into in any measure and, potentially, any intervention for PIU.

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The Possible Role of the Insula in the Epilepsy and the Gambling Disorder of Fyodor Dostoyevsky

Author(s): Dalma Tényi,Csilla Gyimesi,Norbert Kovács,Tamás Tényi,József Janszky / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

The retrospective diagnosis of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky’s (1821–1881) neurological and psychiatric disease proves to be particularly interesting. Recent neurobiological data suggest a solution to the questions regarding the writer’s retrospective diagnosis, claiming the insular cortex to be the origin of the rare ecstatic seizures. Regarding Dostoyevsky’s pathological gambling, this hypothesis is consistent with another finding from recent neuroscience, namely that the malfunction of the insula could be an important underlying pathology in gambling disorder. Case study: Literary and scientific overview (1928–2015) on the subjects of Dostoyevsky’s epilepsy and gambling disorder. Discussion and conclusion: Taking Dostoyevsky’s neurological (ecstatic seizures) and psychiatric (pathological gambling) disease and the crossroads into consideration, these two disciplines make regarding the underlying pathology, we would like to suggest a speculative theory that these two disorders have a common insular pathomechanism, namely, the malfunctioning of the risk prediction–risk prediction error coding system. Furthermore, based on Dostoyevsky’s case, regarding gambling disorder in general, we would like to hypothesize that the three common gambling-related cognitive distortions (near-miss effect, gambler’s fallacy, and the illusion of control) can be all attributed to the impairment of the anterior insular risk prediction–risk prediction error coding system.

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Book Review: Mental Health in the Digital Age: Grave Dangers, Great Promise

Author(s): Agnes Zsila / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

The review of: „Mental Health in the Digital Age: Grave Dangers, Great Promise“ by Elias Aboujaoude and Vladan Starcevic (Eds.); Oxford University Press: New York, NY, 2015, 277 pp. ISBN: 978-0-19-938018-3

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Book Review: The Wiley Handbook of Psychology, Technology, and Society

Author(s): Fanni Bányai / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

The review of: „The Wiley Handbook of Psychology, Technology, and Society“ by Larry D. Rosen, Nancy A. Cheever and L. Mark Carrier (Eds.); John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK, 2015, 1st ed., 592 pp. Hardback ISBN: 978-1-118-77202-7

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Reward and Punishment Sensitivity in Women with Gambling Disorder or Compulsive Buying: Implications in Treatment Outcome

Author(s): Gemma Mestre-Bach,Roser Granero,Trevor Steward,Fernando Fernández-Aranda,Marta Bano,Neus Aymami,Mónica Gómez-Pena,Zaida Agüera,Núria Mallorqui-Bagué,Laura Moragas,Amparo Del Pino-Gutiérrez,Carles Soriano-Mas,Juan F. Navas,José C. Perales,José M. Menchón,Susana Jiménez-Murcia / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory has been widely applied to different clinical populations, but few studies have reported empirical evidence based on this theory for treatment outcomes in patients with gambling disorder (GD) and compulsive buying (CB). The aims of this study were to explore the association between clinical variables and personality traits with reward and punishment sensitivity (RPS) levels in women (n = 88) who met diagnostic criteria for GD (n = 61) and CB (n = 27), and to determine the predictive capacity of RPS for primary short-term outcomes in a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention. Methods: The CBT intervention consisted of 12 weekly sessions. Data on patients’ personality traits, RPS levels, psychopathology, sociodemographic factors, GD, and CB behavior were used in our analysis. Results: High RPS levels were associated with higher psychopathology in both CB and GD, and were a risk factor for dropout in the CB group. In the GD group, higher reward sensitivity scores increased the risk of dropout. Discussion and conclusions: Our findings suggest that both sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment independently condition patients’ response to treatment for behavioral addictions. The authors uphold that CBT interventions for such addictions could potentially be enhanced by taking RPS into consideration.

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Delay Discounting, Risk-Taking, and Rejection Sensitivity Among Individuals With Internet and Video Gaming Disorders

Author(s): Aviv Weinstein,Hodaya Ben Abu,Yaniv Mama,Ayelet Timor / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

There is a previous evidence for impulsivity in individuals with Internet and Video Gaming Disorders. The aim of this study was to examine whether Internet and video game addictions are associated with experiential delay discounting, risk-taking, and sensitivity to social rejection using computerized tasks and questionnaires. Methods: Twenty participants (mean age 24, SD = 1.55) with high score on the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire (POGQ) were compared with 20 participants (mean age 24.8, SD = 1.34) with low score on the POGQ. They performed on computerized Balloon Analog Risk Task and Experiential Delay discounting Task (EDT), and filled in the sensitivity to social rejection questionnaire. Results: Participants with high POGQ scores had lower measures of delay discounting, higher measures of risk-taking, and higher measures of sensitivity to social rejection compared with participants with low POGQ scores. Discussion: The results of this study support the previous evidence of risk-taking and provide new evidence for difficulties in delay discounting and sensitivity to social rejection among those who score high on Internet and video games. Conclusions: The results suggest that Internet- and video game-addicted individuals seek immediate gratification and cannot wait for later reward. Furthermore, these individuals spend time in the virtual world, where they feel safe, and avoid social interactions presumably due to fears of social rejection.

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The Association Between Internet Addiction and Personality Disorders in a General Population-Based Sample

Author(s): Sina Zadra,Gallus Bischof,Bettina Besser,Anja Bischof,Christian Meyer,Ulrich John,Hans-Jürgen Rumpf / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

Data on Internet addiction (IA) and its association with personality disorder are rare. Previous studies are largely restricted to clinical samples and insufficient measurement of IA. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis data are based on a German sub-sample (n = 168; 86 males; 71 meeting criteria for IA) with increased levels of excessive Internet use derived from a general population sample (n = 15,023). IA was assessed with a comprehensive standardized interview using the structure of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the criteria of Internet Gaming Disorder as suggested in DSM-5. Impulsivity, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and self-esteem were assessed with the widely used questionnaires. Results: Participants with IA showed higher frequencies of personality disorders (29.6%) compared to those without IA (9.3%; p < .001). In males with IA, Cluster C personality disorders were more prevalent than among non-addicted males. Compared to participants who had IA only, lower rates of remission of IA were found among participants with IA and additional cluster B personality disorder. Personality disorders were significantly associated with IA in multivariate analysis. Discussion and conclusion: Comorbidity of IA and personality disorders must be considered in prevention and treatment.

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The Relationship Between Study Addiction and Work Addiction: A Cross-Cultural Longitudinal Study

Author(s): Paweł Atroszko,Cecilie Schou Andreassen,Mark D. Griffiths,Ståle Pallesen / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

Recent empirical studies investigating “study addiction” have conceptualized it as a behavioral addiction, defined within the framework of work addiction. This study is the first attempt to examine the longitudinal relationship between study addiction and work addiction. Methods: The Bergen Study Addiction Scale (BStAS), the Bergen Work Addiction Scale (BWAS), and the Ten-Item Personality Inventory were administered online together with questions concerning demographics and study-related variables in two waves. In Wave 1, a total of 2,559 students in Norway and 2,177 students in Poland participated. A year later, in Wave 2, 379 Norwegians and 401 Polish who began to work professionally completed the survey. Results: The intraclass correlation between BStAS and BWAS revealed that the scores were somewhat related; however, the relationship was slightly weaker than the temporal stability of both constructs. In the Norwegian sample, scoring higher on neuroticism and lower on learning time outside educational classes in Wave 1 was positively related to work addiction in Wave 2, whereas gender was unrelated to work addiction in Wave 2 when controlling for other studied variables in either samples. Conclusion: Study addiction and work addiction appear to be closely related suggesting that the former may be a precursor for (or an early form of) the latter.

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