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Scientific papers on polygraph examination seldom point to the issue of examinee distress. Lawyers on the other hand are known to level charges against admissibility of such expert opinions and claim that a polygraph examination is too uncomfortable for the examinee.
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The polygraph is an instrument that detects, monitors, and records physiological responses that are allegedly of psychological origin and attributed to deception. Hence the human mind and its complex psychology are the core of the detected physical responses. However, the polygraph industry has almost entirely overlooked psychological issues in its training and publishing. The industry focuses its attention and interest on various technical aspects of the test such as e.g. scoring, rather than concentrating on what is most important, i.e. the examinee’s psychology, as it is responsible for almost the entire test result. The paper extensively explains the importance of examinee psychology and its influence on test outcome, points to the shortfalls in training and publication activity of the industry, and discusses the result and impact of the industry’s approach.
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The review of: „Historia badań poligraficznych [literally “History of polygraph examinations]” by Jan Widacki; Oficyna Wydawnicza Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego, Kraków 2017, 197 pp.
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This experience report aims to describe a period of observational/ethnographic activity in Neuropsychology, carried out at the ILCN - Instituto Luso Cubano de Neurologia, in the city of Porto, Portugal. This study presents the unit’s assessment and rehabilitation models, drawing parallels with the assessment and therapeutic models in Brazil; a characterization of the Institute is carried out, with a profile of the patients and the functions performed by the multi-professional team. The theoretical concepts referenced by the neurosciences will also be described, as will the procedures and instruments used in the follow-ups, the aim of which was to qualify the treatments in order to promote the development and functionality of the users in the face of the difficulties they face on a daily basis, variables which have a direct impact on the establishment of their autonomy and quality of life. To illustrate the activities carried out, two case studies were selected which were monitored by the team from the renowned institute.
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J. Chick Jr.’s case is paradigmatic when it comes to the hard time establishing differential diagnosis. He has been a heavy drinker and drug user since adolescence, and was hospitalized in psychiatric institutions several times, as well as had a vast collection of diagnoses he identified himself to. Based on what he calls his lack of identity, Chick Jr. gives significant importance to diagnoses capable of identifying him and of telling who he is. This lack of identity, which is experienced as non-existence – sometimes he says that he is dead – unfolds into a sexual identity that brings him a lot of suffering. We know that individuals are not defined by their diagnosis, even when it sometimes calms them down. In any case, differential diagnosis is extremely important to help mental health professionals manage patients’ treatment; it is what the current study aims at showing, based on the herein reported case.
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The Spectrum of Dissociative Disorders are based on criteria that define the dissociative experience of depersonalization along the spatial dimension with patients having dissociative episodes typically describe the experience of being spatially removed from the first person experience. We present the unique case of a patient with Other Specified Dissociative Disorder who exhibits depersonalization in relation to the dimension of time, with no clear spatial depersonalization. We discuss our findings in light of research on disturbances in temporal perception in patients and the implication for future criteria for Dissociative Disorders.
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We present the case of a patient with antipsychotics nonresponsive negative symptoms of Schizophrenia who responded significantly to a dopamine agonist within six days of treatment. He was previously unresponsive to other psychotropic medications. Genomic testing of the patient revealed a Homozygous Valine Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphism which is associated with high metabolism of dopamine in the frontal cortex with subsequent low dopamine activity. The significance of this finding for selecting good candidates for psychostimulant therapy for negative symptoms is discussed.
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Review of: Jutta STALFORT, Die Erfindung der Gefühle. Eine Studie über den historischen Wandel menschlicher Emotionalität (1750–1850), Bielefeld: Transcript – Ver lag für Kommunikation, Kultur und soziale Praxis 2013, 460 p. ISBN 978-38376-2327-7
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Catatonia is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that is often associated with psychiatric, neurological and/or medical conditions. In order to make a diagnosis of catatonia, the clinical picture must be dominated by three or more of the following symptoms; cataplexy, waxy flexibility, stupor, agitation, mutism, negativism, posturing, mannerisms, stereotypies, grimacing, echolalia, and echopraxia. We present a case of a 58-year-old female with no prior psychiatric history who presented to the psychiatric emergency room with a threeweek history of feeling depressed, anhedonic, hopeless, helpless, and worthless, associated with poor sleep, poor concentration, low energy, significant weight loss due to lack of appetite, and suicidal ideations after she saw her ex-boyfriend holding hands with another woman. Patient exhibited symptoms such as mutism, hyperextension of spine, clinching of jaw, psychomotor retardation which suggested probable diagnosis of catatonia at the background of major depressive disorder nonresponding to treatment. This case report demonstrates the need for a high index of suspicion and early screening for catatonia in psychiatric patients given the high morbidity and mortality that is associated with this condition if delayed or undiagnosed.
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There are many causes and factors that lead towards depressions including hypertension, illness, chronic diseases, physical illness, some medications, but one of the major causes regarding nutritional point of view for depression is zinc deficiency. Zinc is a trace mineral which is required by our body in a minute amount. From many researches zinc has been entitled as an important element for normal physiological as well as pathological functioning. Zinc has a lot of biological functions in our body like in immune system, growth and development, reproductive system, diarrhea, respiratory infections, wound healing, hair loss, decreased levels of t helper cells and many more. Zinc acts as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and also in the process of apoptosis. Zinc plays fundamental role in cellular metabolism and modulates the synaptic activity of cells. Zinc also plays its role at molecular level by regulating the expression of genes. Zinc deficiency can cause many clinical problems. It can affect our neurological system as well as neurodegenerative system and hence it can be a cause of depression, anxiety, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and many more. Therefore, this article aimed to highlight the important role of zinc in reducing the severity of depression.
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Pediatric epileptic seizures occupy a significant place in the current nosology of neurological syndromes. Most effected population with seizures is children and elderly and less affected are adults. Role of diet is plays an important part in reducing the severity of symptoms, most significant diet is ketogenic, which has been used from 1921 as a best treatment option. Composition of ketogenic diet (KD) includes highest ratio of fat, moderate ratio of protein and lowest ratio of carbohydrates. Combination of energy giving nutrients in this ratio induces the ketosis which leads to reduction in the initiation of seizures. Ketogenic diet participates in various mechanisms i.e. regulation of neurotransmitters, limiting glycolysis pathway, tri-carboxylic-acid cycle and oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid; induces the anti-seizures responses. Numerous nutrients also showing the positive potential against epileptic seizures. But continues and very strict adherence to ketogenic diet causes some adverse effects on human body disrupting the normal mechanism of body. The focus of this review is on the pediatric epilepsy and modification in symptoms with the application of the ketogenic diet.
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I have taken a hypothesis about the resonance of neurons and laid it against the physiology of the optic paths from the eye into the brain to explore some changes that happen in pre-consciousness, the first 200ms. or so following the onset of stimulation. I explore several mechanisms to simplify and pattern the stimulation to prevent stimulus overload. I further present a hypothesis for the harmonic stimulation to vet the threat and reward value of the stimulation as a precursor to activating the amygdala and the conscious mind.
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JM: Today we’re going to look at the uses and abuses of psychiatric medication. With me is Neuropsychiatrist Dr. Vernon Neppe who is the author of Reality Begins with Consciousness22 a theoretical book about consciousness and science co-authored with physicist Edward Close. Dr. Neppe has also written Cry the Beloved Mind, 4 a book about his use of psychiatric medications and also the uses of Innovative Psychopharmacotherapy. 10 Vernon you’ve been prescribing psychiatric medications and related medications now for many decades and in fact you’re one of the leading proponents of the neuropsychiatric medications.
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