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Ideologies and practice of emotional education at school – interactional perspective

Author(s): Irena Przybylska / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2022

The aim of this article is to present and analyze research results on emotional education conducted in Polish schools. In the first part, which serves as a theoretical introduction to the topic, I presented my own concept of the ideology of emotional upbringing/education. I characterized the transmission ideology, romantic, otherwise non-directive, and humanistic-progressive in terms of the status of emotions in education and the educational methods used. The main part of the text contains an analysis of qualitative interviews with teachers about their experiences in pedagogical work on the development of students’ emotional competencies. The article concludes with indications of good practices, which are also justified by the assumptions of transactional analysis.

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Embodiment in Old Age

Author(s): Marcin Muszyński / Language(s): English Issue: 62/2023

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This article presents embodiment in relation to four areas of human agency. The findings are part of a larger project on learning to be old. THE PROBLEM AND RESEARCH METHODS: The main research problem is understanding how strategies, actions, and attitudes toward one’s body differ among the study participants in various agency areas. The study is based on a constructivist paradigm and grounded theory methodology. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Four fields of the agency have been presented on a continuum, where on one side, forces are pushing a person towards dependence, while on the other side, there is the individual’s independence. These areas were identified during the analysis of empirical data and allow for a departure from judgmental approaches to aging, serving as model areas for the functioning of an older adult. These areas were used to reflect on the embodiment of older people. Finally, the embodiment category was placed within broader structures such as discourses, concepts, and theoretical knowledge about aging and getting old. RESEARCH RESULTS: The findings indicate the multidimensional nature of the aging body. Different strategies, actions, and attitudes towards one’s embodiment are activated depending on the individual’s life situation and social position. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Embodiment occupies a special place in learning to be old. It is one of the primary regulators of this process. As it turns out, self‑identification is primarily related to the body. Furthermore, the findings of this study allow moving away from a narrow understanding of aging as physical deterioration and decay.

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Erken yaşta anne olan Suriyeli kadınların annelik deneyimleri üzerine fenomenolojik bir araştırma

Author(s): Huriye Tak,Hale Nur Kılıç Memur,Nur Başer Baykal,Hatice Betül Çakıcı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

There has been an increase in the cases of early marriage and motherhood in Turkey, especially in the post-migration process. The aim of this study was to examine the motherhood experiences of Syrian women who experienced adolescence motherhood. Within the scope of this purpose, focus group interviews were conducted with 11 Syrian women who applied to the Bağcılar (Istanbul) Community Center, became mothers between the ages of 14-17, and are currently between the ages of 26-54. As a data collection tool, a semi-structured interview form created by the researchers was used. This form consists of 15 open-ended questions. The interviews were analyzed with interpretive phenomenology, which is one of the qualitative research methods. As a result of the analysis, early marriage experiences, encouragement to have children, deficiency of knowledge in childcare, difficulties in early motherhood, and power sources emerged as main themes. These themes were discussed in the light of the literature, and suggestions and limitations were stated.

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Klinik olmayan örneklemde evlilik uyumunun erişkinlerde görülen dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu belirtileri ve çocukluk çağı ruhsal travma düzeyleri ile ilişkisi

Author(s): Cemile Esinç Arz,İpek Güzide Pur Karabulut,Elçin Sakmar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

The main aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between childhood trauma, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in adulthood and marital adjustment. For this purpose, the role of ADHD symptoms in adulthood as a potential mediator of the relation-ship between childhood trauma and marital adjustment was tested. The study involved 301 participants (164 women and 137 men) who were married once and officially, for at least one year, aged22-61, and had at least high school degree. A Demographic Information Form, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and Dyadic Adjustment Scale(DAS) were administered. Spearman Correlation Analysis and “PROCESS” macro developed byHayes in regression analysis for the instrument variable were used to test the hypothesis. It wasdepicted that there was a positive relationship between adult ADHD symptoms and childhoodtrauma levels while there was a negative one between adult ADHD symptoms and marital adjust-ment. The association between childhood trauma and marital adjustment was also identified asnegative. It was indicated that there was a mediator role of adult ADHD symptoms in relation to childhood trauma and marital adjustment. The results were found to be consistent with the literaturein general and they were discussed in the context of the literature.

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The potential addictive mechanism involved in repetitive nonsuicidal self-injury: The roles of emotion dysregulation and impulsivity in adolescents

Author(s): Jinmeng Liu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is highly prevalent in adolescents and is associated with various mental health problems. Repetitive NSSI (R-NSSI), as an extreme manifestation of NSSI, is a growing concern and has been proposed as a behavioral addiction. However, little is known about the potential addictive mechanisms of NSSI. This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of emotion dysregulation and the moderating effect of impulsivity using the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model in adolescents who repeatedly engage in NSSI. Methods: A total of 3,915 adolescents (mean age 5 13.21 years, SD 5 0.87, 57.6% male) were recruited from three middle schools. Relevant questionnaires were used to evaluate childhood maltreatment, emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, and NSSI. Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were conducted separately for adolescents with occasional NSSI (O–NSSI) and R-NSSI to assess the relationship between childhood maltreatment, emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, and NSSI frequency. Results: Our study found that childhood maltreatment was directly related to NSSI and indirectly related to NSSI through emotion dysregulation in both the R-NSSI and O–NSSI groups. Furthermore, impulsivity played a moderating role in the relationship between emotion dysregulation and NSSI in the R-NSSI group but not in the O–NSSI group. Discussion and conclusions: The findings suggest that a high level of impulsivity and a high level of emotion dysregulation may be important risk addictive factors of NSSI through childhood maltreatment. Strengthening the emotion regulation skills and inhibitory control of adolescents with NSSI would be helpful to reduce their self-injury behaviors and maintain their mental health. This finding also supports the validity of the I-PACE model for evaluating R-NSSI.

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Validation of the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) based on the clinical diagnosis of IGD in Japan

Author(s): Satoko Mihara,Yoneatsu Osaki,Aya Kinjo,Takanobu Matsuzaki,Hideki Nakayama,Takashi Kitayuguchi,Takayuki Harada,Susumu Higuchi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Although the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) has been translated into Japanese and widely used, the Japanese version has not previously been validated. We used the clinical diagnosis of IGD as a gold standard for validating the test. Methods: The Japanese version was validated using 244 gamers drawn from the general young population in Japan. Expert interviews using the Japanese version of the Structured Clinical Interview for Internet Gaming Disorder evaluated diagnoses of Internet gaming disorder (IGD). This resulted in a diagnosis of IGD for eight individuals, categorized as the gold standard group. The screening performance of the two Japanese versions with different scoring conditions was examined: the scoring method proposed by the original study (original version) and a less stringent scoring method where responses of either “often” or “sometimes” were regarded as affirmative (modified version). Results: The results of the sensitivity and specificity analyses, the Cronbach’s alpha and the receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed a higher screening performance for the modified versus the original version. The optimum cutoff for the modified version was 5 or more – the sensitivity, specificity, and Youden’s index were 87.5, 85.2, and 72.7%, respectively. The rate of probable IGD using the original and modified versions were 1.8% and 11.3%, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: A less stringent scoring method for the Japanese version of IGDT-10 showed a higher screening performance than the original scoring method. Future studies comprising different ethnic groups and gaming cultures should further examine the suggested scoring method.

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Risk factors and outcomes of internet gaming disorder identified in Korean prospective adolescent cohort study

Author(s): Gihwan Byeon,Sun-Jin Jo,Jong-Ik Park,Hyunsuk Jeong,Hae Kook Lee,Hyeon Woo Yim / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is known to cause various psychological and physical complications. Through data collected from an adolescent prospective longitudinal cohort, we examined how IGD is related to lifestyle and physical symptoms, as well as the temporal relationship between them. Methods: This study was conducted as part of iCURE (Internet user Cohort for Unbiased Recognition of gaming disorder in Early Adolescence) in Korea between 2015 and 2019. Sleep and physical activity time, dry eye symptoms, musculoskeletal pain, and near-miss accidents were measured at baseline and followed-up after one year. IGD risk was evaluated using the Internet Game Use – Elicited Symptom Screen (IGUESS). The association between IGD risk and measured variables was analyzed, both at baseline and at follow-up after one year. Results: At baseline, the IGD risk group had significantly less physical activity time and sleep time and had more dry eye symptoms, musculoskeletal pain, and near-miss accidents than the IGD non-risk group. Additionally, in the IGD risk group at baseline, dry eye symptoms, musculoskeletal pain, and near-miss accidents occurred significantly more after one year of follow-up. Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study show that IGD is a significant risk factor that increases the probability of physical disease and trauma in adolescents. Therefore, interventions aimed at reducing IGD risk and protecting the physical and mental health of adolescents are imperative.

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Attentional biases and daily game craving dynamics: An ecological momentary assessment study

Author(s): Yucheng Zhou,Yanling Zhou,Jifan Zhou,Mowei Shen,Meng Zhang / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Theories posit that the combination of external (e.g. cue exposure) and internal (e.g. attention biases) factors contributes to the development of game craving. Nevertheless, whether different components of attentional biases (namely, engagement bias and disengagement bias) play separate roles on game craving has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to examine the associations between two facets of attentional biases and game craving dynamics under a daily life setting. Methods: Participants (110 regular internet game players) accomplished the modified attentional assessment task in the laboratory, after which they entered a 10-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to collect data on their momentary game craving and occurrence of game-related events at five different time points per day. Results: We found that occurrence of game-related events was significantly associated with increased game craving. Moreover, attentional disengagement bias, instead of engagement bias, bore on the occasional level variations of game craving as moderating variables. Specifically, attentional disengagement bias, not engagement bias, was associated with a greater increase in game craving immediately after encountering a game-related event; however, neither attentional engagement bias nor disengagement bias was associated with the craving maintenance after a relatively long period. Discussion and conclusions: The present study highlights the specific attentional processes involved in game craving dynamics, which could be crucial for designing interventions for attentional bias modification (ABM) in Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) populations.

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Temporal associations between physical activity and three types of problematic use of the internet: A six-month longitudinal study

Author(s): Po-Ching Huang,Jung-Sheng Chen,Marc N. Potenza,Mark D. Griffiths,Amir H. Pakpour,Ji-Kang Chen,Yi-Ching Lin,Ching-Hsia Hung,Kerry S. O’brien,Chung-Ying Lin / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Internet use has become an important part of daily living. However, for a minority it may become problematic. Moreover, problematic use of the Internet/smartphone (PUIS) has been associated with low physical activity. The present study investigated the temporal associations between three types of PUIS (i.e., problematic smartphone use [PSPU], problematic social media use [PSMU] and problematic gaming [PG]) and physical activity among Taiwanese university students. Methods: A six-month longitudinal survey study comprising three time points for assessments was conducted. From the original 974 participants, a total of 452 completed all three waves of an online survey comprising the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) assessing physical activity level, Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) assessing PSPU, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) assessing PSMU, and Internet Gaming Disorder Short Form (IGDS9-SF) assessing PG. Results: The linear mixed effects model found positive temporal associations of PSMU and PG with physical activity level (PSMU: B 5 85.88, SE 5 26.24; P 5 0.001; PG: B 5 36.81, SE 5 15.17; P 5 0.02). PSPU was not associated with physical activity level (B 5 40.54, SE 5 22.99; P 5 0.08). Additionally, the prevalence rates were 44.4% for at-risk/ PSPU, 24.6% for at-risk/PSMU, and 12.3% for at-risk/PG. Discussion and Conclusions: PSMU and PG unexpectedly demonstrated correlations with higher physical activity level. The nature of these relationships warrants additional investigation into the underlying mechanisms in order to promote healthy lifestyles among university students.

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The relationship between parenting styles and adolescent problematic Internet use: A three-level meta-analysis

Author(s): Xiang Niu,Jie-Yang Li,Daniel L. King,Detlef H. Rost,Hai-Zhen Wang,Jin-Liang Wang / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Problematic Internet use (PIU) has become a global public health problem. It has been suggested that parenting style is associated with adolescent PIU. However, the evidence in favor of this view is mixed. Based on the PRISMA method, the present study employed three-level meta-analysis approach to investigate the relationship between these two variables and further explore potential moderators. Methods: After a systematic search for published articles, 35 studies were included, reporting 171 effect sizes (N 5 40,587). Results: The results showed that positive parenting styles were significantly negatively related to PIU. This association was moderated by gender, age, publication year, and measurements of PIU, but was not by culture and measurements of parenting styles. Negative parenting styles were significantly positively related to PIU, which was moderated by publication year, culture, and sub-types of negative parenting, but not by gender, age, and measurements of both parenting styles and PIU. In addition, the correlation of PIU with negative parenting styles was stronger than that with positive parenting styles. Discussion and Conclusions: The present results demonstrated that parenting styles, especially punitive parenting styles, should be attached to more important when treating adolescent PIU.

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The effects of emotional working memory training on internet use, impulsivity, risky decision-making, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in young adults with problematic use of the internet: A preliminary randomized controlled trial study in

Author(s): Seyed Javad Emadi Chashmi,Fatemeh Shahrajabian,Jafar Hasani,Marc N. Potenza,Daria J. Kuss,Fahimeh Hakima / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Considering adverse correlates of problematic use of internet use (PUI), the present study evaluated an intervention aimed at PUI and several putative underpinnings. Methods: A randomized controlled trial study investigated the efficacy of emotional working memory training (eWMT) in improving impulsivity, risky decision-making, and cognitive emotion-regulation (CER) strategies among individuals with PUI in comparison with a placebo group. Young adults (N 5 36) with PUI were either trained for 20 sessions in an n-back dual emotional task (eWMT; n 5 18) or a feature-matching task (placebo; n 5 18). Results: Twenty continuous sessions of eWMT significantly improved participants’ impulsivity, risky decision-making, CER, internet use and PUI symptoms in the short term, compared to the placebo condition. Discussion: These preliminary results suggest that eWMT may constitute a promising intervention for PUI and improving cognitive and emotional functioning, and larger, longer studies are warranted.

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RECONSIDERATION OF LEARNING THEORIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THEIR APPROACH IN THE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT

Author(s): Laura BUTARU / Language(s): English Issue: 2, Suppl./2023

The attempt of the scientists to understand and explain/describe the mechanisms of human learning has been an on going and important concern with implications in various fields of endeavor. Thus, the variety of learning theories that are objectified in learning models or styles is explained. In the present study, we analyze the most important psychological theories of learning, viewed from the perspective of an environment that is increasingly present in people's lives, when we talk about learning - the virtual environment. Are assessment of these theories is important, because although they are well-known, they have an explanatory power, facilitating learning in the online environment, with the mention of correctly capturing the pedagogical/educational demands of designing such an activity. On a practical-applicative level, we have carried out pedagogical microresearch of a constative type, following the attitude of teachers towards learning carried out in virtual environments, the challenges that the act of designing entails, psycho-pedagogical demands of learning in the virtual environment. The questionnaire applied to more than 100 teachers in pre-university education captures their needs regarding the organization of the training space in the virtual environment. So, the ubiquity of learning is a modern characteristic of instruction and education, it remains for teachers to identify solutions for achievement, adaptation to situations and contexts as different as possible, as well as revaluing the psychological theories of learning from the perspective of technological learning environments.

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The art of collaboration: lessons from families of children with disabilities

Author(s): Shulan Zeng / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2023

Review of: -Katharine G. Shepherd, Colby T. Kervick and Djenne-amal N. Morris. The Art of Collaboration: Lessons from Families of Children with Disabilities | Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense Publishers., 194 pages | ISBN 9789463008242

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Selected intervention methods for the memory and attention development in students with specific learning disabilities: a case-control study

Author(s): Michal Vostrý,Barbora Lanková,Ilona Pešatová,Petra Hrbáčková,Jaroslava Jelínková / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2023

The presented results focus on selected intervention methods aimed at memory and attention development in students with specific learning disabilities. The research sample consisted of 30 pupils aged 9.1–10.0 years. This age range corresponds to the 3rd and 4th years of elementary school. The respondents were selected based on stratified sampling. The group was intentionally divided into experimental and control groups of 15 students each. The common denominator was the general diagnosis of moderately severe learning disability (according to ICD-10; specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills) for all pupils. We applied diagnostic tools focused on memory and attention to evaluate the effect of the intervention. These were mainly the Learning Memory Test, the Path Test and the Attention Concentration Test. The intervention in the form of individual therapy lasted from September 2021 to January 2022 and it took place 2 times per week for the duration of 30 minutes. The presented results point to a positive impact of the intervention in the experimental group.

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Каркас русской грамматики

Author(s): N.M. Vvedenskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2023

This article provides an overview of the early stages in the development of children’s speech system. Its main features (specific ways of gender identification, simplified inflectional rules, and free derivation) constitute the backbone of Russian grammar, which in turn defines the functioning of the entire mechanism of the Russian language. These are the underlying linguistic patterns and the most general rules. Children learn them at the earliest stage of language acquisition and then modify them using more intricate and complex patterns as they continue to develop their language system. Based on the results obtained, the structure of the Russian grammar framework, an artificial model that summarizes the tendencies inherent in children’s speech at different stages of language acquisition and brings them to a logical conclusion, is outlined. When young children follow the rules of this framework, they sometimes create unique speech products that deviate substantially from the norm. However, they rely on the fixed, albeit simplified, rules and thus master the tricky issues of the grammatical system of the Russian language. Therefore, the framework of Russian grammar, or the core of the Russian language system, should be taken into account in diagnosing the level of speech development, learning Russian as a foreign language, and working with bilingual children.

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Когнитивные предвестники развития детской грамматики по данным макартуровских опросников и case study

Author(s): M.B. Eliseeva,E.A. Vershinina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2023

This article considers the phenomena preceding the development of grammar acquisition in young children. The study is based on the analysis of questionnaires completed by parents (MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories). Estimates from 1037 questionnaires on children aged 18–36 months (550 girls, 487 boys) were entered into the database. Additional data were also obtained from a case study. The results of our analysis support the view on the priority of the cognitive component over the linguistic one in young children. At first, they develop the intention to convey certain ideas (about the missing owner of an object, as well as about the future and past) and then learn to express these ideas with specific linguistic means. The hierarchy of mastering utterances by children is determined by cognitive rather than linguistic factors. Most children find it easiest to name the adult who is not there at the moment when they see that adult’s things, and the ability to produce utterances about the objects they do not see or about the near future develops later. The utterances about the past are the most difficult because they are less important to children at an early age. Therefore, the non-morphological ways of expressing the meanings are gradually replaced by the morphological ones as children grow older.

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Особенности языковой рефлексии детей с различными стратегиями освоения языка (по результатам экспериментального исследования)

Author(s): T.A. Trifonova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2023

This article outlines the results of a study of the features of linguistic reflection peculiar to children with different strategies of language acquisition, which is important because this problem has remained out of the attention of researchers. All data for the subsequent analysis were obtained by the methods of ontolinguistic experiment and mathematical statistics, and the criterion of verbal explicitness was used for distinguishing the features of the reflection on language among children and for defining the key terms. It was revealed that boys and girls do not differ significantly in their reflection on language, so any clear gender-related trends are not supported by our study and can be only assumed. Furthermore, it was established that referential children and children from families with high sociocultural status are more capable of reflecting on language. On the contrary, children from families with low sociocultural status and expressive children have the lowest number of reflections on language or poor prerequisites for this ability, which they acquire later as compared with referential children and children from families with high sociocultural status; such children primarily need help to develop their reflection on language and prerequisites for it. These findings can be useful to children’s speech development specialists and for psycholinguistic and ontolinguistic research, and the experimental series can be of great help as a tool for developing the reflection on language.

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Žaidimas kaip vaiko dorinių vertybių ugdymo veiksnys ikimokykliniame amžiuje

Author(s): Placida Jasiūnaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1 (53)/2023

This article actualises the importance of education of moral values nurturing a full-fledged personality. Acknowledging the meaning and particularity of education of moral values in ontogenesis, the particular importance of primary education of moral values in the childhood is pointed out. Play stands out as one of the factors that determines the education of moral values processes in current world. On the basis of the scientific sources and data of researches, play is defined as the main child’s activity. Having discussed the effective use of child’s play in education of moral values (in this article from the holistic point of view), the varied influence of play on child’s education of moral values is revealed. Evaluating this effect from the point of view of child’s moral self-development, it is stated that through naturally occurring situations during play, a child is exposed to real possibilities to express moral values that help her//him to better adjust to their peers, to involve into group’s life and to achieve a favourable status. In terms of child’s individuality development, a child is able to acquire new moral abilities, skills, individual experience, norms and regulations, to experience joy and pleasures. Generalising, play may lay valuable foundation for the development of child’s moral and individual personality, which allows for considering play as a significant factor of education of moral values in the childhood.

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Kinematic Analysis of High Jump Using the Scissors Technique

Author(s): Sanja Ljubičić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The purpose of the research is to determine the kinematic parameters that are key to achieving the best high jump results with the scissors technique in children, as well as the mutual correlations in the approach and take-off phases. As many as 123 subjects between the ages of 7 and 12 (AS±SD = 9.20±1.33) participated in the research. The respondents were members of the Kvarner athletics club. The high jump using the scissors technique was recorded with a Sony RX10 II video camera. The kinematic analysis was carried out using the software Kinovea 0.9.5. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association of nine predictor variables with the bar height criterion, while to determine significant correlations between kinematic parameters, an analysis of Pearson's correlation coefficients was performed. The most significant findings of the research show that the predictors explain a significant part of the variance (60.4 %) of height of the bar (F (9. 112) = 18.98; p < 0.001). Significant predictors of height of the bar are: the duration of the penultimate stride in the run-up (b = - 0.43; p < 0.01), length of the last stride in the run-up (b = 0.30; p < 0.01), length of the penultimate stride in the run-up (b = 0.41; p < 0.01) and ankle angle (b = 0.21; p < 0.01). Certain kinematic parameters are relevant for success in the high jump.

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Сравнителен анализ на изобразителната дейност на деца развиващи се в норма и деца със СОП

Author(s): Galina B. Petkova-Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The article examines the periodization of children's drawing activity according to the research of different scholars. The genesis of children's drawing interests various psychologists, artists, and educators. Drawing as an activity is an essential factor in a child's life. It shows the stages of his/her development and is a significant diagnostic criterion that reflects the problems in the child's growth. This theoretical study focuses on the drawing activity of children with intellectual disabilities and children on the autism spectrum, who are among the group defined as children with special educational needs. In his/her drawing the child projects himself/herself - his/her ideas, aspirations, and experiences. The art activity of children with SEN occupies an important place in their lives. It is perceived as an important sign of the level of their mental and physical condition.

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