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Личностната идентичност и любовта

Author(s): Vinitsiy Petrov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 5/2016

The article explores the connection between the concept of personal identity and the concept of love, focusing on the possibility of personal identity. The investigation starts from the premise that personal identity has a transcendental status with respect to philosophical inquiry, especially in the domain of ethics. Then the author outlines some major problems involved in the clear explication of the concept of personal identity. The proposed solution is that personal identity is constituted by the relation to a loved one. The conclusion is that love has a transcendental status with regard to personal identity, which means it also has transcendental status with respect to all activities contingent on personal identity.

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ФАЛШИВИТЕ НОВИНИ – МАНИПУЛАЦИИ И МИСТИФИКАЦИИ В КОНТЕКСТА НА ПРЕЗИДЕНТСКИТЕ ИЗБОРИ В САЩ (НОЕМВРИ 2016 Г.)

Author(s): Svetlana Stankova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 5/2017

The article is focused on the mystifications and manipulations spread by fake news in the social networks during the 2016 presidential election campaign in the USA. The main hypothesis concerns the influence these might have had on the outcome of the vote in favor of Donald Trump. The author also considers the background history of the distortion of truth for purposes of political benefits in the context of the technological development of media. The methods used in the argumentation of the article include discourse analysis, and rhetorical and interpretative analysis. The data used in the article are from a study conducted in 2017 by Stanford University and the independent digital media company BuzzFeed News.

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Магическата база на съзнанието

Author(s): Liuben Sivilov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

The author uses the descriptions of magic in Homer to distinguish between three components of magic: 1) the impression made by magic, which is somewhat similar to the philosophical terms “astonishment”, “amazement”, “surprise”; 2) the capacity for discrimination, which functions similarly to dialectics; 3) its kinship with science, which becomes evident when the achievements of cosmology, art, biopsychology, neurology, are interpreted in a relevant way. Through such an analysis, it becomes easy to identify the magical techniques lying at the basis of human consciousness.

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Ренесансовият скептицизъм на Санчес в „Quod nihil scitur“

Author(s): Krasimir Delchev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

The article analyzes the skepticism of Francisco Sanchez.

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The Role of Phonotactic Information in the Processing and Production of Inflectional Morphology

Author(s): Strahinja Dimitrijević / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2019

In two separate studies, it was examined to what extent in languages with rich inflectional morphology, such as Serbian, in the tasks of automatic perception and word production we can rely on phonotactic information, i.e. permitted combinations of phonemes/graphemes. In the first study, with the help of support vector machines, word classes discrimination was carried out based on bigrams and trigrams generated at the morphosyntactic category level. In the second study, the production of inflected forms was explored, with the help of memory-based learning, relying on phonotactic information from the last four syllables of lemmas. Maximum discrimination accuracy of inflected word classes was obtained on the basis of bigrams reaching about 93% of accuracy. Similarly, in the task of inflectional production on all inflected word classes taken together, around 92% of the inflected forms were generated correctly. This confirms that phonotactic information in the perception and production of morphologically complex words plays an important role. Therefore, this information should be taken into account when considering the emergence of larger language units and patterns. The results show that functional connections between orthography/phonology and semantics lead to successful lexical learning, but at the same time they call into question the need for positing the existence of mental lexicon in which mental representations of various language characteristics are stored.

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Competenţele profesorului în şcoala contemporană Europeană

Author(s): Vergina MOGOȘAN / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2019

Lucrarea de faţă îşi propune să arate rezultatele cercetării întreprinse cu privire la competenţele psihosociale ale profesorilor din învăţământul preuniversitar în anul şcolar 2018-2019, la un număr de 200 de profesori din 9 şcoli din România, nivel

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THE EFFECTS OF COMPUTER GAMES ON ADOLESCENT PERSONALITY

Author(s): Maria Pescaru,Luminita Mihaela Sandu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

In recent decades, computer games have become a form of popular entertainment in modern society. As a result, many people, including parents and researchers, have asked questions about how these computer games affect their users. Most psychologists who have begun research on this subject have mainly studied the negative effects of video games, but this trend has begun to change in recent years, with researchers also turning to their positive effects. This research explores the role that video games play in young people’s lives and how they can be used to improve mental health and well-being. But our reasearch is based on the effects on adolescents, especially those related to self-esteem, sociability and anxiety. A lot of studies in this area are made on variables such as violence and aggression, but we wanted to look beyond them and try to analyze some features and concepts of personality that do not appear so often in research.

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EMOTIONAL DISTRESS, ANXIETY AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN ADOLESCENCE

Author(s): Claudia Sălceanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Provenance and socioeconomic status have a large impact over the mental health in adolescence. The aim of this research is to identify significant differences in anxiety and emotional distress between adolescents with high socioeconomic status and low socioeconomic status. Previous research highlighted that low socioeconomic status is related to mental illness, stereotypes, low self-esteem, poor school-based social status, a feeling of hopelessness and high levels of anxiety and depression. A sample of 360 adolescents was assessed with Emotional Distress Profile (PDE), Endler’s Anxiety Scales (EMAS-T) and a Socioeconomic status screening, made by the author. Results show, on one hand, that adolescents with low socioeconomic status have higher levels of both anxiety and emotional distress, and on the other hand, that anxiety strongly correlates with emotional distress. Practical implications of this research regard the self-assessment in adolescence, the better understanding of the role of socioeconomic status in one’s subjective assessment of social rank, the importance of this assessment dimension in the development of autonomy and self-esteem, and the importance of these results for the development of effective interventions to improve the adolescent’s mental health.

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Games and ADHD-ADD: A Systematic Mapping Study

Author(s): Ruth S. Contreras-Espinosa,Angel Serra,Jose Luis Terrón / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neuro-developmental disorder that starts in childhood and has a persistent pattern of behaviour involving lack of attention and/or hyperactivity-impulsiveness that interferes in social, academic or work processes, or reduces the quality of them. Through activities with games, children and adolescents improve memory, concentration, motor planning and time management skills. According to some studies these may present positive effects for the attention span, executive functions, working memory and other cognitive skills. However, there are few studies that explain their effects. This paper presents a systematic mapping study and underlines the direction taken by the empirical studies undertaken on the use of digital games in treating ADHD and ADD. A total of 12 articles, covering 2005 to 2015, were selected. The research questions behind the study were: RQ1 What particular characteristics have been investigated by researchers?; RQ2 What research methods have been used?; and RQ3 On which game has the study on ADD-ADHD been focused?. There are studies are focused on the risk of addiction, increased attention deficit or behaviour problems and studies evaluating the improvement in executive functions, reduction in hyperactivity and motivation. The research methods used were experimental and exploratory methods. Finally, the digital games are analyzed without distinguishing between the genres and theme of the game.

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Dezvoltarea limbajului: procese cognitive implicate, evaluare şi intervenţii educative

Author(s): Vasile Radu Preda / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 1/2020

The development of language: cognitive processes involved, assessment and educative interventions. This studyis an interdisciplinary approach for development of language and learning strategies, based on theconstructivist theory, linguistic theory and differential pedagogy. For language development is necessary: a) agood assessment of language with psychological procedures, methods and instruments; b) early stimulationsof the linguistic abilities (phonological and phonemic awareness, phonological segmentation, verbal memory)and of oral, reading and writing communication with speech-therapy methods and educative personalizedprograms

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The interactive context of discovering the category of corporeality in a phenomenological approach

Author(s): Alicja Długołęcka / Language(s): English Issue: 21 (28)/2019

The article presents different ways of dealing with the subject of the body and corporeality in the humanities, which can form the epistemiological and axiological basis in a reflection on the psycho- and physiotherapeutic relationship with patients, and confronts them with the results of two qualitative studies based on the grounded theory concerning exploration by women of their own body and experiencing their own corporeality, intimacy and touch in medical relations. The author shows that phenomenological philosophy, taking into account the concepts of “carnal self” and “presence of the embodied” that human knowledge always has a carnal character, is the most adequate for use in analyses regarding therapeutic interactions related to the body. Analysis of qualitative research on the process of realising your own corporeality in the cognitive-emotional dimension in the relationship with oneself and in the therapeutic relationship fully confirms the legitimacy of applying the grounded theory method in the study of phenomena regarding carnality and such values as gratitude, mindfulness, care, efficiency and autonomy emerge.

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BAZELE NEURO-FIZIOLOGICE ALE COMPORTAMENTULUI INTENȚIONAL

Author(s): Dan PSATTA / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2020

The intentionality was brought as a theme of philosophical meditation by Husserl, and his theories had and have a great impact in the Romanian philosophy. The main problem of philosophical thinking of all time was the lack of objective validation. I proposed the functional (neuro-physiological) research of mental activity as a fundamental means of validating the philosophy of the spirit, naming this approach neurophilosophy. From this perspective, most of Husserl's statements are invalid. The mental activity has, from a neuro-physiological point of view, two spheres: one of the receptor type (sensory) within the retro-Rolandic headquarters/associative areas, another of the effector type (action) within an area of pre-Rolandic anatomical projection.Intentionality is not sensory, as Husserl (in the theory of the "intentional object") believed, but is a psycho-motor "hinge" between the two spheres, action-oriented and has, from a neuro-physiological point of view, a very complex mechanism, evolving on the animal scale in specific stages, which we try to demonstrate.

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ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF WAR TRAUMA

Author(s): Laurence A. French,Goran Kovačević,Lidija Nikolić-Novaković,Bakir Alispahić / Language(s): English Issue: 5-6/2015

Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): The Yugoslavian breakup wars beginning in the early 1990s resulted in many common unresolved war-trauma issues. Common to these conflicts, whether it be Bosnia Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, Kosovo, or Macedonia is the unmet need of both military veterans and civilian casualties suffering with either physical or psychological injuries, or both. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): The scientific and social aim is to offer valuable methodology for estimate of the presence of War trauma in respective societies and propose the best possible approach in assessing the scope of the problems. Methodology/Design: The authors developing assessment protocols with a number of them translated into the Bosnian and Serbian language so that they could be used within those nations most closely involved in the Balkan Wars of 1991-2002. Validity will be established by administering the predictor (like the MMPI) to all applicants/candidates and then later assessing the scores/profiles with those who are successful or who failed the program. Research/paper limitations: The proposed methodological approach as explained in this paper is a profile based research and it is constructed for and limited to assessment of War trauma and using it for other purposes could give one false data and interpretations. Results/Findings: The paper analyze the best fit methodology for respective societies and results. In other countries where similar research was administered, results were the blueprint for state policy development in the fields of Societal security, radicalization, social deviations and victimization. General conclusion: The idea behind this paper is to explain sophisticated scientific approach to analysis of societal trends and to develop the best procedures for neutralizing the effects of detected negative societal trends in local communities. Research/paper validity: Validity is established by administering the predictor (like the MMPI) to all applicants/candidates and then later assessing the scores/profiles with those who are successful or who failed the program.

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The Importance of Mental Health Awareness Training in a European Probation Training Curriculum

Author(s): Coral Sirdifield,Mark Gardner,Charlie Brooker / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2010

In 2009 the CEP held a conference centring around the concept of a pan-European probation training curriculum. This article draws on the results of an evaluation of some training conducted in the UK to argue that mental health awareness training should form part of such a common training programme. The article outlines the potential benefits of making such training mandatory for staff working in probation systems across Europe. In addition, it identifies the role of instructional design in constructing learning resources which are flexible enough to be reconfigured to be relevant in different cultural contexts without diminishing the learning process.

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How to do acts with thoughts. Some implications of making philosophy available to children

Author(s): Anda Fournel / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

For a child to say "I see, I understand now!" is an awareness event, a light that exposes him to both a new challenge and to the unknown. If these sorts of moments are obviously an important personal event, along with the feeling of being an agent of his life, we could say a lot about their value at school, in the society or on the world stage. In this paper, my aim is limited to exploring how children and teenagers, involved in philosophical dialogues at school, enter into a reflective and dialogical process, become awareness of what is happening to them and draw out rules of action. Using a theoretical model inspired by Peirce's conception of active thinking, this study is based on both a qualitative analysis of discursive activity performed in communities of philosophical inquiry, and interviews with students who have been practicing philosophy for children for two or three years, in a French middle-school. Some practical implications in conjunction with educational projections could thus be outlined.

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Morfološke pogreške u diskursu djece s PJT

Author(s): Diana Arapović,Maja Anđel / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2003

The notion of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) refers to children whose language skills are in disproportion with their chronological age and their non-verbal skills, for unknown reasons and in any (one or more) part of their linguistic development (Bishop, Adams I99I ). SLI children may have phonological and pragmatic language difficulties, but the most affected part of grammar in SLI children seems to be morphosyntactic. Morphology is the part of the language in which the grammar of a language system becomes clearly perceptible, therefore it is especially important when we try to assess the level of language skills. In this paper we have tried to present the level of morphology acquisition in children with SLI, taking into consideration the morphological complexity of the Croatian language. We have examined morphological errors in 5 I children with SLI, age from 4,2 to 8. Our results show that most errors appear, in categories of inflexion and congruency, i.e. inappropriate case endings for nouns, auxiliary omissions for verbs and morphological incompatibility of noun+adjective combinations. These results suggest that children with SLI are not able to communicate the contents of information and accomplish its correct grammatical form at the same time.

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Recenzja publikacji: Gdy kara nie wystarcza… O praktyce stosowania wybranych rozwiązań prawnych wobec sprawców z zaburzeniami psychicznymi stwarzających zagrożenie dla społeczeństwa. Agnieszka Gutkowska, Justyna Włodarczyk-Madejska, Joanna Klimczak..

Author(s): Katarzyna Witkowska-Rozpara / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2020

Review of: Katarzyna Witkowska-Rozpara - Gdy kara nie wystarcza… O praktyce stosowania wybranych rozwiązań prawnych wobec sprawców z zaburzeniami psychicznymi stwarzających zagrożenie dla społeczeństwa (A. Gutkowska, J. Włodarczyk- Madejska, J. Klimczak, P. Sidor, Wydawnictwo Instytutu Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości, Warszawa 2020)

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„Gdzie kończy się norma, (…) a zaczyna patologia”. Kilka uwag o niepoczytalności na gruncie wielomodelowego definiowania zdrowia psychicznego w świetle rozważań George’a E. Vaillanta

Author(s): Elżbieta Żywucka-Kozłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 52/2021

The common understanding of normality describes something which is not different, it does not go beyond the ordinary. Pathology in this point of view is located outside the area of described normality, equated with ordinaryity. This work attempts to establish pathology determinants as well as norms in the perspective of substantive criminal law, psychology and psychiatry. It may seem that all the arguments “for and against” based on legal provisions as well as the views of doctrine have already been put forward in this area. Between one concept and the other (sanity and insanity, as well as norms and pathologies), there is no vacuum. There are states whose essence is the lack of constancy in the broad sense of the meaning, as well as states which, on the one hand, fall within the field of pathology from the point of view of psychiatry and psychology, and in the perspective of the law do not constitute a condition of insanity or limited sanity.

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Debate between American Philosophers H. Putnam and N. Chomsky on the Internal or Social Nature of Language

Author(s): Yaroslav Sobolievskyi,Hanna Liebiedieva / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2021

The topic of this article concerns the view on the philosophy of language of two leading American thinkers of the 20th century – N. Chomsky and H. Putnam, namely the divergence of their views on the proper approach to the study of language: semantic externalism and internalism. Firstly, N. Chomsky is famous as a linguist, who draws philosophical conclusions from his linguistic research background, thus immersing himself in the field of philosophy of language and philosophy of mind. His political activity can be considered as a separate type of intellectual activity. Secondly, H. Putnam is a philosopher of science, particularly the philosopher of physics, mathematics, logic, from the study of which he turns to the study of language. Thus, H. Putnam and N. Chomsky got there in the field of philosophy of language; their field of study covers philosophy, linguistics, and political science.

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KINDERGARTEN-FAMILY-COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPAND PERSONALITY TRAINING

Author(s): DURA Ruxandra / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2019

The education and training of preschool children is carried out and supported by both kindergarten and family and community. Kindergarten has a well-defined role in the development of preschoolers, but for children's development to be completed, harmoniously, the family and the community must support it.Children are trained from an early age in order to be integrated into society and to help, in order tobuild it. The family and the community will later reap the benefits of developing these children, and this should be an impetus for them to become more andmore involved in educating preschoolers. Together with the decision-makers of the kindergarten, they must initiate and carry out partnership projects aimed at developing the personality of preschool children. The work that teachers do in kindergarten mustbe supported and continued by the family and the community. Teachers must be in constant communication and collaboration with them and convince them that these partnerships aim to develop children and transform them into future responsible adults

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