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Непълнолетни със зависимост към психоактивни вещества и особености на темперамента им

Author(s): Tsvetan Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The data from the conducted research serves to develop a picture of the dependence between temperament, anxiety and depression and the use of psychoactive substances among children and adolescents. The processed results are the basis for good psychological practices in Bulgarian conditions, with the aim of connecting typical traits of the personality with his actions. We often ask ourselves the question „does the use of drugs and psychoactive substances (PSS) lead to criminal activities or not?” Research shows that there is a strong relationship between drug use and the occurrence of criminal acts. This is because the drug user has a distorted view of the social support in their own social circle. There are other social factors that are also important in understanding why there are children and young people who start using drugs, engage in criminal activity. These include, in addition to the living conditions of the individual, his family, friends in his environment, his mental health and his type of temperament.

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Зависимост между агресивността при тийнейджъри с употребата им на психоактивни вещества

Author(s): Tsvetan Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The present article examines personality characteristics such as neuroticism, spontaneous and reactive aggression, irritability, and emotional lability in drug-using teenagers aged 13-18 years. Their behavior is described and analyzed only with regard to the factor of the environment - family, school, peers, society. Peculiarities in the character of the person are considered through the prism of their relative weight for the occurrence and escalation of the use of psychoactive substances. Given that this age is puberty, which means that the personality continues its development and character change, several basic recommendations cannot be made to reduce the effect of the risk factor „environment”, respectively support the development and affirmation of protective factor and preventive actions. To better illustrate the impact of teenage aggressiveness, we include a brief analysis from a survey conducted with substance users and behaviors in informal settings.

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DEVELOPMENT OF CONFLICT COMPETENCE IN GAMING

Author(s): Ludmila Anțibor,Pavel Serafimciuc / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2024

This article examines the gaming activities of adolescents as a means of developing conflict competence. It discusses the main structural components of conflict competence and their transformation during the gaming process among teenagers.

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VIRTUAL HIPPOTHERAPY: DEVELOPMENTS, RESULTS, AND PROSPECTS

Author(s): Ludmila Anțibor,Tatiana Nosova / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2024

The article explores the potential of virtual reality (VR) as a tool for delivering hippotherapy, a therapeutic method traditionally involving horses, to patients with psychological disorders. Hippotherapy has been shown to improve autism, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, logistical and financial constraints often limit access to traditional hippotherapy. Virtual reality offers a solution by creating simulated environments where patients can experience the benefits of hippotherapy through interactive platforms and exergaming (a combination of exercise and gaming). Studies demonstrate that virtual hippotherapy can reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression in both children and adults. Virtual simulations have also been effective in reducing PTSD symptoms among veterans. Despite these benefits, challenges such as the absence of emotional connection with real horses and high equipment costs remain. The article concludes by highlighting the promising future of virtual hippotherapy, with the potential for broader accessibility through technological advancements and integration with AI and augmented reality.

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DRIVERS’ MANIFESTATION OF AGGRESSIVENESS ACCORDING TO GENDER

Author(s): Axentii Olga / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 38/2024

The subject of driver behavior is very topical today because even if we have better performing vehicles, better roads, harsher penalties, the number of accidents still remains high and traffic aggression is at home. The subject being a broad one, several authors tried to identify data that would suggest who would be more prone to aggression and risk in traffic: men or women. At the same time, the studies also identified a series of skills necessary for drivers to promote traffic safety, some of these skills could be directly related to the biological development of both men and women: mobility of attention, reaction time, motor reactions, peripheral perception, etc. Contrary to stereotypes, women drive more carefully, show less aggression in traffic and are also involved in accidents much less often than men, or these accidents are relatively minor compared to the accidents in which men are involved, these often ending in death or serious trauma.

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ANXIETATEA DE SEPARARE

Author(s): Aurelia Cojocaru,Vlada Troian / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2024

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders in children and are often under-recognized. Untreated anxiety disorders in children can significantly affect the quality of life. They can lead to comorbid psychiatric conditions and interfere with social, emotional and academic development, including in adulthood. Separation anxiety disorder is one of the most common childhood anxiety disorders. It involves an exaggeration of the anxiety typical for the developmental process and is manifested by excessive distress at separation from the attachment figure or family environment. The etiology of separation anxiety disorder points to the interaction of biological and environmental factors, particularly the family environment in early childhood. Diagnostic criteria for SAD are provided by DSM-V and are used in the comprehensive assessment of the disorder, in combination with other internationally validated assessment tools. The diagnosis provides essential information for the elaboration of the therapeutic approach by the clinical specialists. In this sense, there are conclusive data on the effectiveness of combining psychotherapy with pharmacotherapy to achieve lasting results. Furthermore, the importance of coordinating interprofessional efforts is essential for the effectiveness of the comprehensive approach to TAS.

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Interactive RShiny Reports – Independence and Autonomy in Medical Data Visualization

Author(s): Justyna Marcinkowska,Magdalena Roszak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The article discusses the use of the R language, especially the RShiny tool, to create interactive reports in the field of medical data analysis. The authors emphasize the need for an interdisciplinary approach to teaching statistics among medical students. An alternative to traditional static reports was presented, proposing the creation of interactive web applications that enable exploration, analysis and visualization of medical data changing in real time. The use of the R language as an open source tool allows for the development of medical students’ competences in the field of data analysis and the adaptation of research tools to individual needs. A draft lesson plan using sample medical data on cervical cancer was also presented, along with a proposal for specific analyzes of these data and their visualization using interactive RShiny reports. The article ends with a discussion on the role of learning the R language in the education of students of Polish medical universities and the need to expand the educational offer for tchem with courses in data analysis in an open source environment.

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Acquisition of L2 English Negative Quantifiers without Equivalent Lexical Items in an L1

Author(s): Masaaki Kamiya,Zhaosen Guo / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2024

This article investigates how second language learners interpret a scope bearing item in the target language. According to Sprouse (2006), L2 learners’ task is to relabel their native language’s lexical items in line with the features of the target language. An interesting lexical item is the English negative quantifier, for which there is no equivalent in Japanese. It was discovered that the default interpretation of the English negative quantifier by Japanese-speaking learners of English was a narrow scope reading (i.e., Quantifier Raising (QR) does not occur). We follow Beghelli and Stowell’s (1997) elaborated functional structures for quantifier feature checking at Spec-Head agreement. Because Japanese is considered to be a “no agreement” language (Kuroda, 1992; Fukui & Sakai, 2003), QR is failed since the English negative quantifier cannot satisfy “agreement” for the feature-checking. Hence, even if the equivalent lexical item does not exist in Japanese, a grammatical constraint such as “no agreement” is transferred to the initial state of the second language (Full Transfer in Schwartz and Sprouse, 1996).

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Development of the students' cognitive processes through interdisciplinary approaches

Author(s): Diana Elena Sârb,Andrea Liana Pișta / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Music influences and, in turn, is influenced by other disciplines. Its vital and dynamic presence in our lives determines an interdisciplinary approach to general music. This article seeks to describe the principles and purposes of such an approach, as well as the characteristics of an interdisciplinary option that can influence students' cognitive development, attitude formation, and the development of musical skills. Music training induces changes in children's brains and behavior, thus supporting the power of music education in the child's cognitive development. Music teachers can create interpretive spaces in which research-based projects open up opportunities for expressive and creative experiences. This analysis explores ways for the future development of interdisciplinary perspectives, including dispositions, skills, and understandings that lead to interdisciplinary teaching, the development of students' relational thinking in various fields, and pedagogical strategies that foster meaningful connections.

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Teacher's role in managing student performance anxiety in primary school pupils

Author(s): Cătălina Căpățînă / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

One of the paradoxical situations encountered among musicians highlights the wellbeing/poor health binomial state, in which the same individual can feel, for example, a well-being sensation when listening to a musical work, while the same individual may experience anxiety, palpitations and depression, or rather poor mental health, when it comes to performing the work in front of an audience. Mental health appears to be directly proportional to the quality of the performance. The more harmonised and balanced the mind-energy-body aggregate is, the more enjoyable the experience of playing a musical instrument can become. Most primary school pupils (ages 7-11) are unaware of the physical, psychological and emotional complexities and implications of instrumental performance; as a consequence, the role of harmonising them lies with the instrument teacher that, in the early years of violin study, has a significant impact on the further development of the child as a performer and on the attitude the pupil develops towards music.

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TEORIJE O PRIRODI EMOCIJA I KOGNITIVNO-BIHEJVIORALNA TERAPIJA

Author(s): Igor Stojanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2024

In this paper, I analyze two influential theories of emotion: theory of basic emotions (TBE) and psychological constructionism (PC). I offer arguments that aim to show that there are pressures to modify both of these theories so that they move closer to each other to such a degree that the differences between them seem more a matter of emphasis than essence. As an illustration of usefulness of the modified theories, I offer an interpretation of the phenomena of rumination and emotional processing that are recognized as relevant in cognitive behavioral therapy. These two phenomena get a different treatment in this modality: the former is discouraged while the latter is encouraged. This might seem problematic if, as might seem plausible, they are actually the same phenomenon conceptualized in two different ways due to the influence of two different traditions in psychotherapy: cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodymanic approach, respectively. However, I use my modified TBE/PC to model rumination and emotional processing in such a way that explains them while justifying both the notion that they are substantially different and the motivation for engaging with them differently in the context of mental health treatment.

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Rané spomienky študentov s ADHD: Perspektíva individuálnej psychológie

Author(s): Annamária Antalová,Lenka Sokolová,Daniela Čechová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2024

Study aims: Students with attention deficit disorder represent a specific group within the university population that experiences many challenges in the academic environment. According to the practice of individual psychology, to understand the client or a ssess their lifestyle, the psychologist must recognize their early experiences. Instead of early recollections being a factual description of past events, they represent a projection of the current functioning of an individual. Method: In our research, we compared the early memories of university students with (N = 5) and without ADHD (N = 6) using content analysis. Results: We found that students with ADHD had fewer memories with positive affect and more memories showing the lack of control. The themes of individual memories showed that in the case of students with ADHD, early recollections with the experience of success were absent. Conclusion: Our results draw attention to the importance of positive feedback for individuals with ADHD throughout their life time. In this article, we present the research findings and at the same time outline how to work with the analysis of early recollections in psychotherapeutic practice.

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AUTONOMIJA I ODLUČIVANJE ADOLESCENATA

Author(s): Fuad Imširović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 9/2023

U radu autor pokušava teorijski predstaviti različita istraživanja i teorijske analize pitanja razvoja samostalnosti kod adolescenata i spobnosti donošenja odluka. U kontekstu digitalizacije i sve lakšeg pristupa informacijama, a s druge strane sve većeg broja izbora i mogućnosti koji se pred adolescenta postavljaju, važno je teorijski predstaviti koje su to razvojne zakonitosti koje adolecentima olakšavaju ili otežavaju zrelo donošenje odluka, kao i kako razvoj te sposobnosti ovisi od okoline, prije svega roditelja, vršnjaka i društvenih mreža. Zaključuje se da je razvoj autonomije rezultat kognitivnog sazrijevanja adolescenta, pri čemu oni mogu analitično, metakognitivno i apstraktno pristupati rješavanju problema, predviđati posljedice i razumijevati različite političke odnose, vjerska ubjeđenja, profesionalne ciljeve i druga društvena pitanja. Pored toga, kako autonomija ima svoja tri aspekta (emocionalni, djelatni i sistem vrijednosti), dati su elementi koji olakšavaju donošenje odluke i pravilnog izbora karijere, odnosno fakulteta. Usljed sve češćih negativnih donesenih odluka uslovljenih društvenim mrežama, pokušalo se ukazati da kriza identiteta i podložnost grupama vršnjaka ili interesnim grupama može doprinijeti ovakvom neadekvatnom razvoju sposobnosti odlučivanja. I na kraju, ponuđene su i neke strategije kojima se olakšava rad s adolescentima generalno, a posebno u kontekstu razvoja autonomije i odlučivanja.

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Корицата на повестта „Недостоверен случай“ от Никола Буков. Повестта на Емил Манов и психологическият реализъм на Стендал

Author(s): Angel Angelov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The short novel “Unreliable Case” by Emil Manov (1919–1982) was published in 1957. The purpose in this text is to show that: the drawing on the cover convincingly interprets the problematic of the story; the drawing is an independent artwork; he literary concept of the story is related to the psychological realism of Henri Stendhal in the novel “The Red and The Black”/ “Le Rouge et le Noir”).

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Podoby vyjadřování osobních postojů při popularizaci češtiny

Author(s): Hana Dufková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4-5/2024

This article explores the expression of personal attitudes in the popularization of linguistic topics, particularly in Czech. It focuses on how linguists, who also also speakers of the language, communicate their knowledge to the public while inevitably presenting personal stances on language use. By analyzing examples of both professional linguists and non-experts engaged in language popularization, the article demonstrates the difficulty of maintaining a clear boundary between objective linguistic description and subjective evaluation. It shows that popularization often involves choices influenced by personal and professional judgments, particularly in relation to the standardization of language. The article also examines the ways in which non-linguists may prioritize their personal views. Finally, the study discusses how different approaches to evaluating linguistic phenomena are reflected in publicly available materials, illustrating the variability in the expression of both positive and negative attitudes towards the language.

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Невронауката в лидерството, ключ към успеха

Author(s): Mina Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The text explores the intersection of neuroscience and leadership, emphasizing the importance of cognitive and emotional processes for effective management. Combining Aristotle's philosophy of practical wisdom (phronesis) with scientific insights into brain function, the material offers a new approach to leadership. Key aspects such as stress management, emotional intelligence, and neuroplasticity are analyzed, highlighting their role in enabling leaders to make sustainable and ethical decisions. By integrating these principles, leaders can create inspiring and adaptive organizational cultures while achieving personal and professional growth.

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Fear of Missing out and Its Impact on Consumer Decision Making in Relation to Product Purchases in the Metaverse

Author(s): Veronika Kopřivová,Radka Bauerová / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

The metaverse is experiencing a resurgence, embodying a digital realm constructed through technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, cryptocurrency and the internet. The metaverse is a trending and widely discussed topic. Companies are still intensely weighing the pros and cons of joining this space, and it is not an easy decision for them to make. Thus, to make this decision easier, there is a clear need for studies that clarify users’ perception and intention of using the metaverse for purchasing products. Therefore, this study focuses on investigating the relationship between attitude and intention to purchase products in the metaverse and users' level of "fear of missing out" (FoMO) as a phenomenon that is currently significantly influencing consumers. A questionnaire was used for collecting the primary data. The research sample consisted of 425 respondents overall. The findings indicate that individuals in the cluster exhibiting heightened levels of FoMO tend to perceive metaverse product purchases as less sensible. Intriguingly, despite this lower perceived sensibility, over half of the individuals in this cluster express an intention to engage in metaverse-based purchases. Additionally, this particular cluster emerges as having the most pronounced inclination to purchase in the metaverse as soon as possible. Implications for Central European audience: The outputs offer valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of users' perceptions and intentions concerning metaverse-based product purchases. These insights can serve as a foundation for refining marketing strategies, tailoring product offerings and developing targeted initiatives that resonate with the specific concerns and motivations of the Central European audience. Ultimately, the study outputs contribute to fostering a more informed and strategically aligned approach to navigating the evolving landscape of metaverse-related consumer activities.

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SOCIJALNI KONSTRUKTIVIZAM KAO ODGOVOR NA ESENCIJALISTIČKO KONCEPTUALIZOVANJE PSIHOPATOLOGIJE

Author(s): Vojana Obradović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2024

The main goal of this article is to introduce the essentialist and reductionist approach to psychopathology and to review the disadvantages of this approach. On the other hand, the goal is also to present another perspective of social constructivism, and explore the consequences of both approaches on society, and vice versa. Also, it was discussed the power of the currently dominant categorical essentialist approach to psychopathology and the reasons for its sustainability. The final goal of this article is to open space for discussion about different conceptualizations of psychopathology and their implications.

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Zarys procesów kognitywnych kota domowego: uczenie się, pamięć i percepcja (część pierwsza)

Author(s): Marcin Urbaniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2024

This reconstruction of the cognitive processes and structures of the domestic cat is written from the cognitive-zoopsychological perspective and focuses only on selected processes, abilities and mental aspects of the cat, which, in the author’s opinion, are a necessary condition for ensuring the animal’s maximum welfare. The main goal of the article is to confirm the thesis that the scientific recognition of the richness of the mental world provides evidence for the need to increase welfare by adequately enriching the environment in which our cat is kept. The text is divided into two main parts, with the reconstruction of the lower and separately higher cognitive processes in the cat’s mind. The first part of the article briefly discusses the ability of cats to learn and some perception processes. The second part focuses on causal thinking, the phenomenon of consciousness and the social competences of the cat as well.

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Zarys procesów kognitywnych kota domowego: rozumienie przyczynowe, świadomość i kompetencje społeczne (część druga)

Author(s): Marcin Urbaniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2024

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