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Öz-duyarlık ile psikolojik belirtiler arasındaki ilişkide ruminatif düşünce biçiminin aracı rolü

Author(s): Elif Özcan,Ahmet Sapancı / Language(s): Turkish,English Issue: 2/2023

The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of ruminative thinking in the relationship between self-compassion and psychological symptoms. The research was conduct-ed with the predictive correlational method. The participants of the study consisted of a total of 471 people, 353 women (74.9%) and 118 men (25.1%), who were determined by the convenience sampling method. Participants were aged between 18 and 65 (M = 29, SD = 10). Self-Compassion Scale, Ruminative Thought Style Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Sociodemographic Information Form were used as data collection tools in the study. Pearson Correlation Analysis was used to analyze the data, and regression analysis based on the bootstrap method was used to test the mediation effect. As a result of the research, it was determined that ruminative thinking style plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-compassion and psychological symptoms. The results of the study were discussed with-in the framework of the relevant literature, and suggestions were presented for both future research and mental health professionals. It is thought that the findings obtained will con-tribute to a better understanding of the structure of self-compassion and ruminative thinking when working with psychological symptoms in clinical practice.

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COVID-19 aşısı olma niyetini anlamak: Maddi kayıp yaşama, aşılar hakkında algılanan bilgi düzeyi ve sağlık kaygısının yordayıcı rolü

Author(s): Elifnaz Leblebici,Merve Nuray Ayözcan,Gözde İkizer / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

Although it is known that vaccination is very crucial for controlling the spread of COVID-19, intentions of individuals to be vaccinated may vary considerably. Therefore, in this study, the aim was to examine the factors related with individuals’ intentions of COVID-19 vaccine. To assess the individuals’ intentions of COVID-19 vaccine, 525 individuals be-tween 18-64 ages who had not yet received the COVID-19 vaccine participated in this study. The study was conducted using an online questionnaire method, consisting of measures of sociodemographic characteristics, variables related to exposure to COVID-19, risk group status for COVID-19, perceived knowledge on vaccines, health anxiety, and self-efficacy levels. Data were analyzed through hierarchical regression analysis. Sociodemographic variables, being in the risk group for COVID-19, and individuals' own or a close one’s previous diagnosis of COVID-19 were not associated with their intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19. On the other hand, results showed that individuals' intentions of COVID-19 vac-cine were significantly related with increased perceived knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines, having experienced financial loss in the COVID-19 outbreak, and having high levels of health anxiety. Findings of the study may help to design vaccination campaigns in the society.

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COVID-19 pandemisinin sosyal medya bağımlılığına etkisi: Üniversite öğrencilerinde bir inceleme

Author(s): Kuntay Arcan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible influence of COVID-19 pandemic related variables on social media addiction. The sample comprised 394 university students. Personal Information Form, COVID-19 Information Form, COVID-19 Pandemic Burden Form, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Brief Form, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale were utilized to gather online data of voluntary participants. It was observed that social media usage increased among the majority of the participants (74.6%) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, social media addiction scores of the participants were associated with longer social media usage, lower GPA, being young and female in addition to emotion regulation difficulties, pandemic burden, and COVID-19 anxiety. These findings revealed that several factors which were caused by COVID-19 related global health crisis posed risk for social media addiction symptoms. When the possibilities which include this health crisis may not quit in the short term and similar problems may repeat in the future were taken into consideration, it was concluded that deeper examination of the roles of pandemic related factors such as COVID-19 anxiety and burden for social media and other addictions, would be required.

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Klinik Görüşme Kaygısı Durum Listesi: Görüşmede kaygı uyandıran durumlara özgü bir ölçüm aracına dair pilot çalışma

Author(s): Gamze Gültekin,Orçun Yorulmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

The aim of this current study was to perform a pilot study on features of an instrument on anxious situations on clinical interview. Following a literature search, we designed the List of Anxious Situations in Clinical Interview (LASI), which is a 21-item self-report measure with a feeling thermometer rating scale. Totally 335 psychology undergraduates participated in the study by completing LASI, Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales (CASES) as well as demographic information form. The result of exploratory factor analysis showed that the LASI consists of two subscales, namely general and first interview situations, and these factors had satisfactory reliability values. Moreover, the correlational and group comparison analyses also indicated that the LASI in total and subscales had concurrent and criterion validity. Considering the limited availability of measures specifically focused on anxiety in clinical interviews in the literature, the LASI appears to be a promising instrument for examining anxious situations in clinical interviews. It can be utilized for various purposes, including scientific research on students' anxiety during clinical interviews, as well as relevant psychological assessments, administrations, and interventions.

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Okuma bozukluğunun göz izleme ve makine öğrenmesiyle belirlenmesi: Alanyazının gözden geçirilmesi

Author(s): Esmehan Özer,Rahime Duygu Temeltürk / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2023

Reading disorder, namely dyslexia, is described as the difficulty in the pronunciation and comprehensiondimensions of reading. Studies in which dyslexia, one of the most common learning disorders, are examinedusing a technology-based and innovative technique, eye tracking, are frequently encountered. By means ofeye tracking, the saccade and the fixation of dyslexic readers are reached during reading and analysis areperformed with the obtained physiological data. Thus, the analysis and examination of the reading skills ofindividuals with dyslexia and their reading performance and profiles are revealed. In addition, in recent years,eye tracking and machine learning have started to be applied together in determining whether a reader is dys-lexic or not. This review aimed to analyze and summarize the researches carried out to identify dys-lexicindividuals using eye tracking and machine learning. For this reason, in the article, after the definitions of eyemovements and machine learning algorithms, studies on the detection of dyslexia in readers in four differentlanguages, namely Spanish, Swedish, Greek and Finnish, were summarized. Therefore, it is critical to evaluateindividuals with dyslexia clinically and educationally with physiological data, to diagnose them in the earliestperiod, to apply specific intervention programs, and to prevent academic failure and negative experiences.Thus, the accurate diagnosis can be made without loss of time and economic loss as a result of the applicationof eye tracking and machine learning even if it is complementary by clinical psychologists, guidance, psychological counseling and special education specialists in psychiatry clinics and guidance research centers. Inaddition to studies conducted in four different languages regarding the diagnosis of reading disorders withhigh accuracy using eye tracking and machine learning, individuals with dyslexia whose mother tongue isTurkish can also be evaluated and diagnosed in this way at the earliest age and specific intervention programscan be designed for them.

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OKUL ÖNCESİ DÖNEMDE KİTAP OKUMA ALIŞKANLIĞININ ÇOCUKLARIN BİLİŞSEL GELİŞİMİNE ETKİSİ: ÖĞRETMEN BAKIŞLARI

Author(s): Mehmet Gültekin,Zeynep Sitil Gültekin,Hayriye Aktaş,Ceren Yıldırım / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 61/2024

This research examines the effect of book reading habits in preschool period on children's cognitive development. The study is based on data obtained from observations and analyzes made with 10 preschool teachers. Findings in ten different areas: language development, problem-solving abilities, imagination and creativity, attention and concentration, memory and retention, interaction and social skills, empathy and emotional development, questioning and critical thinking, entertainment and motivation, teacher guidance and support. has been examined. The results of the research reveal that book reading activities improve children's language skills, increase their problem-solving abilities, support their imagination and creativity, help them focus their attention and strengthen their memory. Additionally, it has been shown to be effective in improving children's social skills and emotional intelligence. Teacher guidance and support have been identified as an important factor in increasing the effectiveness of book reading activities. These findings emphasize that the habit of reading books in the preschool period plays an important role in supporting children's cognitive development. More emphasis on book reading activities in pre-school education and teachers taking a guiding role in these activities may contribute to children experiencing a healthier cognitive development process.

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VITGENŠTAJNOVA KRITIKA FROJDA

Author(s): Filip Čukljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2017

The aim of this paper is to present the critique that Ludwig Wittgenstein directs to the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud, as well as to critically evaluate its successfulness. At the beginning I will review some of the main arguments that Wittgenstein offers against this theory. First I will consider the argument that calls into question the psychoanalytic ontology and according to which there are significant problems in its conceptualization. Then I will deal with the critique which holds that the psychoanalytic method is problematic, primarily because it is allegedly unscientific. After this I will show the third argument that attacks Freud’s assumption according to which phenomena such as dreams must have a certain essence. It will be shown that none of these arguments is entirely successful. Subsequently I will focus on the argument that is, according to some, the main Wittgenstein’s argument and according to which Freud makes a mistake by not distinguishing the concepts of cause and reason. I will claim that psychoanalysis can be defended from this objection likewise. In order to show this, I will refer to the interpretation of Freud’s teachings according to which the so-called subintentional explanations are used in psychoanalysis.

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PROBLEM TUĐIH SVESTI I PSIHOLOŠKI POJMOVI

Author(s): Ljiljana Radenović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2016

Wittgensteinian solution to the problem of other minds is usually associated with Wittgenstein’s position that psychological concepts do not describe but express mental states. In his book An Essay on Philosophical Psychology An Essay on Philosophical Psychology L. Kojen (2009) develops an interpretation of Wittgenstein according to which Wittgenstein himself was aware that all psychological concepts cannot be analyzed in terms of the expression of inner states. My goal in this paper is to examine whether the admission that psychological concepts have descriptive uses involves a return to mentalism and a reintroduction of skepticism regarding other minds. By relying on developmental psychology, I hope to show: a) that expression is the primary function of psychological concepts as it occurs first in child’s development, and b) that the descriptive uses appear later with language acquisitioion but do not lead to the skeptical problem of other minds.

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REFLECTIONS ON PSYCHOLOGICAL AND NEUROAESTHETICS

Author(s): Vladimir J. Konečni / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The article offers observations about some aspects of the current relationship between psychological aesthetics and neuroaesthetics. In addition to criticism of the occasionally less than rigorous process of inference in neuroaesthetics, reservations are expressed about the ability of neuroaesthetics to address successfully, at least in the next few decades, some seemingly key questions. Among them are those about the vertical theoretical integration of data from different art modalities, as well as about the relationship of various neural correlates, on one hand, and the differential quality of aesthetic episodes, on the other – especially episodes involving peak aesthetic experiences (such as aesthetic awe and being-moved). The article concludes with several concrete suggestions for a potentially interesting and fruitful collaboration of psychological aesthetics and neuroaesthetics.

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THE PECULIARITIES OF SELF-CONTROL STYLE IN ADOLESCENTS

Author(s): Maria Pleșca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 36/2024

The performed study allows us to find that half of the teenagers in the research group are characterized by independence, flexible and adequate response to changing environmental conditions. They are very conscious in achieving the goal. The high level of self-control suggests that teenagers who have strong motivation form a style of self-regulation that allows them to compensate for personal characteristics, behaviour traits that prevent the achievement of the desired result. They easily acquire different activity, feel confident in situations full of uncertainty. The low level of self-control informs us that adolescents have not formed the motivation to consciously plan and program their behavior and activity. They depend on the circumstances and opinions of others, they are characterized by a reduced ability to compensate for their own personality resources that are unfavorable for achieving the proposed goals.

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DEFENSE MECHANISMS OR STRESS REACTIONS

Author(s): Veronica Calancea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 36/2024

The stress reaction represents the force to fight, or conversely, the attitude of losing without fighting in the face of difficulties, difficulties or problems of physical and mental stress with a shock-like action. Depending on the intensity of the emotions to which they are subjected, people have negative reactions of different intensity and duration. Almost any kind of symptom can be a hidden sign of stress. If we learn to recognize minor, seemingly unimportant signs, we can become aware of the sources of our stress, thus managing to prevent the appearance of serious symptoms and more easily control the tension that tends to overwhelm us.

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PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADULT COMPLIANCE WITH HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT

Author(s): Diana Cecan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 36/2024

The article presents the concept of psychosocial adaptation, as well as compliance as a facilitative factor for adult adaptation to chronic hemodialysis treatment. Treatment compliance of hemodialysis patients is obviously associated with the rate of hospitalizations and mortality. For this reason, the development and improvement of the treatment compliance of the adult undergoing hemodialysis treatment is one of the main objectives of the activity of the psychologist within the Dialysis Center.

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Strategie czytania dzieci z niedokształceniem mowy o typie afazji

Author(s): Anna Żywot / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2009

The article begins with considerations of the break-through in the history of mankind which was the invention of writing. The author supports her reflections with ideas of Paul Ricoeur and other authors dealing with the process of decoding written texts. Secondly, the author presents reading as a cognitive process, and explains the co-occurring mechanisms in the brain. On these bases, the author characterizes the disorders in language communication, presents the issue of aphasic speech underdevelopment, and discusses difficulties in decoding written texts, experienced by people with this kind of developmental disorder. The author presents a hypothesis that the difficulties mainly result from wrong strategies, employed by children-patients, while involved in the process of reading. In support of her hypothesis, the author presents and analyses examples of inadequacies in text-decoding, collected during her logopaedic practice; she concludes that the problems result from inefficient, right-hemisphere dominated, non-linear strategies of text-decoding.

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BEYOND THE WORDS - THE VERBAL ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL - MILITARY PERSONALITIES' SPEECHES

Author(s): Manuela Vârlan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Within the article, I intend to approach politicians’ speeches from the point of view of word analysis, in order to discover what lies beyond the apparent message. Often, the information space is assimilated to a battlefield where words, like projectiles, fly to all sides to reach their target. The analysis of political discourses complements and validates the distant assessment of political leaders’ personality traits. Thus, we can determine whether or not the generated language patterns reflect their decisions. The neurolinguistic studies show that grammatical choices are not made consciously, thus we can discover important information about the personality of a political person. Moreover, it can be validated or not by comparison if the author of the speech is the same as the one who promotes it. This method of verbal communication analysis complements the remote psychological evaluation of political-military personalities on the ways in which they assume decisions.

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О роли генерализации в процессе онтогенеза темпорального дейксиса

Author(s): G.R. Dobrova,O.I. Petelina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2023

This article examines the role of generalization in the process of mastering temporal deixis in preschool children. Up to a certain age, children have difficulty in the acquisition of deixis, which is due to their individual and age-related characteristics, subjective perception of time, and inability to adjust to an actual starting point when it fails to match their “I-here-now” understanding. Here, the results of an analysis of children’s statements (from our notes and the diary entries by various authors) and the experimental data from 54 children aged 4 to 7 years are discussed and summarized. A number of examples are provided that prove the key importance of generalization skills in the acquisition of temporal deixis by preschool children. Detailed investigation of children’s statements reveals that most preschool children make incorrect generalizations in the early stages of speech ontogenesis: they often use “labels” (certain general “temporal” words that do not depend on the reference point) to mark time intervals, confuse and interchange antonyms like “tomorrow” and “yesterday”, use the same temporal word to refer to all past or future events, or mix up various associative series that belong to the category of time. However, through the incorrect choice and use of deictic means, young children gradually begin to recognize the meaning and correct use of deictic units. Thus, generalization facilitates children’s ability to comprehend language and its phenomena, such as the use of temporal deixis. The obtained results may be helpful for further psycholinguistic and ontolinguistic research, for teaching special courses on psycholinguistics, and for the work of specialists in the field of preschool education and speech ontogenesis.

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Специфика речевого развития детей с РАС: нейропсихологический подход

Author(s): Irina Aleksandrovna Nigmatullina,E.A. Sadretdinova,A.O. Yudina,E.D. Yurikova,S. N. Komarova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2023

Effective identification, support, and development of children’s abilities is a priority task of the education system in Russia. This demands deeper research based on the use of modern diagnostic technologies and neuropsychological tools, especially in what concerns children with impaired development, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Neuropsychological rehabilitation of children with ASD remains a poorly understood yet critical problem. Here, we explore common neuropsychological tools employed in Russia for diagnostics and therapy of ASD in childhood. The prospects of these methods to study the speech characteristics of such children were substantiated. The study is based on a survey of 20 parents of 20 children aged 4–6 years who attend the “WE ARE TOGETHER” Special Kindergarten for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders at Kazan Federal University (Russia). The speech characteristics of the children, starting from an early age, were thoroughly investigated during the experiment with the help of neuropsychological tools. The latter included game tasks to test social, cognitive, motor, neurodynamic, and regulatory skills, as well as the analysis of the transcripts of the interviews with both children and their parents. The results obtained facilitate the introduction of the neuropsychological approach to diagnose speech disorders in preschool children with ASD, and it can be further improved by experts in the rehabilitation and education of children exhibiting ASD symptoms.

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Исследование специфики действий ребенка дошкольного возраста с гаджетом и опосредование этого поведения родителями

Author(s): Inna Aleksandrovna Kalabina,Ekaterina Alexandrovna Nikitina,Elena Ivanovna Nikolaeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2024

Introduction. The study raises the problem of preschool children’s actions with gadgets and the mediation of this behavior by parents. The use of various gadgets by preschool children is a widespread practice. It is known that the effectiveness of a preschool child’s cognitive activity is largely determined by adult involvement. There is still no sufficient basis to conclude how effectively parents can use the gadget when interacting with their child. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to analyze what exactly 4-6 year-old-children do when they receive a gadget and how this activity is controlled by adults. Materials and Methods. A semi-structured interview with preschoolers was conducted in a psychologist’s office in a kindergarten. The psychologist had a list of compulsory questions, but if necessary, clarifying questions were asked so that the child’s answer was as complete as possible. The sample included 69 children aged between 5 and 7 years attending kindergartens in St. Petersburg. Informed consents were obtained from their parents. The ethical committee of the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia (IRB 00011060 Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia IRB#1) approved the study (protocol No. 24 dated November 27, 2023). The interview included questions related to the child's use of gadgets at home. Children explained what gadgets they use, how long they can do it, what they do when they receive a gadget, under what conditions this happens (the child uses a gadget alone / the adult comes up from time to time/ the adult is constantly with the child at this moment/ an adult discusses with the child what he/she was doing with the gadget). Results. The main result is that, having received the gadget, the vast majority of children are left alone with it. When the usage time is over, adults do not discuss the content of this activity. If something scares a child while playing or watching video content on YouTube, he/she does not tell the adult about it because he/she is afraid that he/she will no longer receive the gadget. Conclusions. When most parents offer their child a gadget, they do not use its potential for communication with the child and joint cognitive activity. The gadget allows the parent to get time for their needs in socially acceptable conditions.

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Gençlerde Dikkatli Karar Verme, Duygusal Zeka ve Sosyo-Demografik Değişkenler Arası İlişkiler

Author(s): Arkun Tatar,Didem Ayhan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 04/2023

This study aims to examine the effect of emotional intelligence and the way of thinking that considers emotions in vigilant decision-making in the young. The effects of socio-demographic variables on vigilant decision-making were also tested in the study. A total of 556 young people, between the ages of 18-29 participated in the study. Vigilant decision-making was evaluated with the Vigilance Decision-Making Styles sub-dimension of the Melbourne DecisionMaking Questionnaire, and the thinking style that considers emotions was evaluated with the revised Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale subdimensions. By using the Vigilance Decision-Making Styles sub-dimension, two groups with a low and a high level of vigilant decision-making were formed. Then, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine whether it distinguished these two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis model established according to the results explains 4.0% of the total variance and the overall accuracy in classifying the groups is 57.0%. The Optimism / Mood Regulation sub-dimension and the age variable were determined as predictors of being into one of the low and high levels of vigilant decision-making.

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Od pochopenia k porozumeniu textu

Author(s): Zuzana Kováčová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

Understanding the read text is the first step to comprehending it. The meaning of what is read relates to the mental model of the percipient – the pupil in lower secondary education. Understanding the meaning is mainly connected to the experience of the subject. Comprehension is of vector nature and is aimed at internalizing the meaning or sense. The ability to interpret or to improvise on what has been read is an external manifestation of comprehension. The article is focused on the analysis of questions to texts that are part of the textbooks of various school subjects. These questions should prompt students to produce their secondary texts. A secondary text reflects the comprehension of the read text and provides a scaffold to its free interpretation. The study identifies the questions or instructions into two categories: non-complex and complex. The object of the research is to compare questions or instructions which prompt to produce secondary text in older and recent history and chemistry textbooks. The study is based on the assumption that reading comprehension is crucial for success in various fields. It is anticipated that communication competences are formed not only in the classes of native language, but also in the teaching of all disciplines. The goal was to identify the reflection of the textbook texts in terms of questions and tasks that serve as a tool leading to text comprehension. The analyses show that mutual compatibility of text and questions was higher in the older textbooks, and that complex questions or instructions were prevalent.

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Deep Learning Approach for Predicting Psychodiagnosis

Author(s): Zouaoui Samia,Khamari Chahinez / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Artificial intelligence methods, especially deep learning, have seen increasing application in analysing personality and occupational data to identify individuals with psychological and neurological disorders. Currently, there is a great need for effectively processing mental healthcare with the integration of artificial intelligence such as machine learning and deep learning. The paper addresses the pressing need for accurate and efficient methods for diagnosing psychiatric disorders, which are often complex and multifaceted. By exploiting the power of convolutional neural networks (CNN), we propose a novel CNN-based natural language processing method without removing stop words for predicting psychiatric diagnoses capable of accurately classifying individuals based on their psychological data. Our proposal is based on keeping a richer linguistic and semantic context to accurately predict psychiatric diagnosis. The experiment involves two datasets: one gathered from a private clinic and the other from Kaggle, called the Human Stress Dataset. The outcomes from the first dataset demonstrate a remarkable accuracy rate of 98.51% when employing CNN, showcasing their superior performance compared to the standard machine learning techniques such as logistic regression, k-nearest neighbours and support vector machines. With the second dataset, our model achieved an impressive area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.87. This result surpasses those achieved by existing state-of-the-art methods, further highlighting the efficacy of our CNN-based approach in discerning subtle nuances within the data and making accurate predictions. Moreover, we have compared our model with three other programs on the same dataset and the accuracy reached 78.52%. The results are promising to aid parents or clinicians in early and rapidly predicting the ill individual.

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